Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

Wo erhalte ich vollständige Informationen über CPIM-Part-1?

Nachfolgend finden Sie alle Details zu Übungstests, Dumps und aktuellen Fragen der CPIM-Part-1: Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) Prüfung.

2025 Updated Actual CPIM-Part-1 questions as experienced in Test Center

Aktuelle CPIM-Part-1 Fragen aus echten Tests von Killexams.com - easy finanz | easyfinanz

APICS CPIM-Part-1 : Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) Practice Tests

Practice Tests Organized by Richard

Latest 2025 Updated APICS Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) Syllabus
CPIM-Part-1 dumps questions with Premium PDF and Test Engine

Practice Tests and Free VCE Software - Questions Updated on Daily Basis
Big Discount / Cheapest price & 100% Pass Guarantee

CPIM-Part-1 dumps questions : Download 100% Free CPIM-Part-1 practice questions (PDF and VCE)

Exam Number : CPIM-Part-1
Exam Name : Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM)
Vendor Name : APICS
Update : Click Here to Check Latest Update
Question Bank : Check Questions

People used these CPIM-Part-1 Exam Questions to get 100% marks
Killexams.com is a trusted and dependable platform providing CPIM-Part-1 exam practice exam questions with a 100% success guarantee. Practicing these CPIM-Part-1 questions at least once ensures a high score on the exam. Begin your path to success in the Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) exam with Killexams.com’s CPIM-Part-1 practice exam questions, a premier and authentic resource for achieving your goals, available at https://killexams.com.

There are numerous providers of Test Prep available online, but many offer outdated CPIM-Part-1 exam preparation software. To find a reliable and trustworthy source of CPIM-Part-1 Questions and Answers, it is essential to conduct thorough research. However, you want to ensure that your efforts do not become a waste of time and money. To evaluate the quality of their CPIM-Part-1 Test Prep, get their 100% free trial CPIM-Part-1 questions and register to access the latest and valid CPIM-Part-1 exam preparation software, which includes genuine exam questions and answers. Do not forget to grab your Great Discount Coupons and take advantage of their CPIM-Part-1 VCE exam simulator for your preparation.

At killexams.com, they provide the latest, valid, and up-to-date APICS Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) dumps, which are crucial for passing the CPIM-Part-1 test. Enhancing your expertise as a professional within your organization is essential. Their ultimate goal is to help individuals pass the CPIM-Part-1 test on their first attempt. Their CPIM-Part-1 exam preparation software consistently ranks at the top, thanks to their Cram Guide and VCE, which are trusted by clients who take the real CPIM-Part-1 test. Killexams.com is the most credible source for genuine CPIM-Part-1 test questions, and they ensure that their CPIM-Part-1 Questions and Answers is always updated and valid. These Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS will undoubtedly help you achieve excellent grades on your exam.

CPIM-Part-1 exam Format | CPIM-Part-1 Course Contents | CPIM-Part-1 Course Outline | CPIM-Part-1 exam Syllabus | CPIM-Part-1 exam Objectives

Exam Name: CPIM Part 1 - Basics of Supply Chain Management
Version: Version 8 (latest as of October 2023)
Certification Body: ASCM (Association for Supply Chain Management)
Exam Duration: 3.5 hours (210 minutes)
Number of Questions: 150 multiple-choice questions
Passing Score: 300 on a scale of 265 to 330
Exam Format: Computer-based testing (CBT) at authorized testing centers or online proctored.

Part 1: Supply Chain Management Basics

- Supply Chains and Strategy (15%)
- Understanding supply chain concepts and flows (materials, information, finances).
- Aligning operations strategy with business goals.
- Competitive priorities: cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility.

- Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) (20%)
- Purpose and benefits of S&OP.
- Demand planning and forecasting techniques.
- Balancing supply and demand through collaborative planning.

- Demand Management (15%)
- Types of demand (independent vs. dependent).
- Demand forecasting methods and accuracy.
- Managing customer orders and fulfillment.

- Supply Management (15%)
- supplier relationship management.
- Procurement processes and strategies.
- Inventory policies and replenishment methods.

- Master Planning (20%)
- Master Production Scheduling (MPS).
- Rough-Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP).
- Bill of Materials (BOM) and product structures.

- Material Requirements Planning (MRP) (15%)
- MRP inputs and outputs.
- Calculating net requirements and order quantities.
- Managing MRP exceptions and changes.

- Supply Chain Overview
- Understanding the end-to-end supply chain
- suppliers
- manufacturers
- distributors
- customers

- Key Objectives
- Cost efficiency
- quality
- delivery performance
- flexibility

- Supply Chain Flows
- Material flow
- information flow
- financial flow

- Operations Strategy
- Alignment with Business Goals
- Competitive Priorities
- Cost
- quality
- delivery speed
- flexibility

- Trade-offs
- Balancing competing priorities (e.g., cost vs. service level).

- Demand Management
- Forecasting Techniques: Qualitative and quantitative methods for demand planning.
- Demand Variability: Understanding and managing fluctuations in demand.
- Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Aligning demand with customer needs.

- Master Planning
- Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP): Balancing demand and supply at a strategic level.
- Master Production Scheduling (MPS): Translating S&OP into a detailed production plan.
- Rough-Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP): Ensuring the MPS is feasible with available resources.

- Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
- Bill of Materials (BOM): Hierarchical structure of components needed to produce a product.
- MRP Calculations: Determining net requirements, lead times, and order quantities.
- MRP Outputs: Purchase orders, work orders, and planned order releases.

- Capacity Management
- Capacity Planning: Ensuring resources (e.g., labor, machinery) are available to meet production needs.
- Capacity Control: Monitoring and adjusting capacity in real-time.
- Theory of Constraints (TOC): Identifying and managing bottlenecks in production.

- Continuous Improvement
- Lean Principles: Eliminating waste and improving efficiency.
- Total Quality Management (TQM): Focusing on quality at every stage of production.
- Kaizen: Continuous improvement through small, incremental changes.

- Supply Chain
- Value Chain
- Lead Time
- Forecast Error
- Bullwhip Effect
- Order Fulfillment
- Aggregate Planning
- Time Fence

- Available-to-Promise (ATP)
- Gross Requirements
- Net Requirements
- Lot Sizing
- Bottleneck
- Throughput
- Utilization
- Just-in-Time (JIT)
- Six Sigma
- PDCA Cycle

Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Feedback

Preparing for the CPIM-Part-1 exam with Q&A takes just a few hours now.
Passing the CPIM-Part-1 exam with a 92% score was a moment of great pride, thanks to the outstanding study resources from Killexams.com. Their test prep materials simplified the preparation process significantly, making complex subjects easy to grasp. The course notes and exam simulator provided me with the confidence and skills needed to excel, particularly in areas like trainer communication and presentation techniques. I highly commend their efforts and encourage them to continue their excellent work.

Get these Q&A and go on vacation to study.
Killexams.com transformed my CPIM-Part-1 exam outlook. Their organized practice questions and precise trial questions guided me to success. I am deeply grateful for their support.

Do you want practice questions for the latest syllabus of the CPIM-Part-1 exam to clear the exam?
I thank Killexams.com practice questions for helping me achieve a 91% score on the CPIM-Part-1 exam with just 12 days of preparation. Their guide was invaluable, and I wish them all the best for their future endeavors.

I found a real source for CPIM-Part-1 questions.
Study materials are unmatched for Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) exam preparation. I passed with ease, with only one question catching me off guard. The detailed explanations and exam simulator made their practice questions far more valuable than generic test prep. Combined with traditional study, Killexams.com is a powerful tool for career advancement.

A tremendous source of excellent practice questions with accurate answers.
I was recommended Killexams.com practice questions as a quick reference for my exam, and they did a truly terrific job. I was genuinely impressed with their performance and the clear way they presented the material. The short and concise answers were easy to remember, and I scored 80% marks by accurately answering 98% of the questions. Although I did not devote a substantial amount of time to prepare for the CPIM-Part-1 exam, I found it to be a very noteworthy undertaking for my IT profession.

APICS Inventory exam Questions

CPIM-Part-1 Exam

User: Joseph*****

With the help of Killexams.com, I was able to comprehend the complex subject matter of Delivery Competence and Content Expertise, achieving a remarkable 90% score. As my busy schedule only allowed me a few hours to prepare, the Killexams.com Questions/Answers and exam simulator were invaluable in helping me plan for the cpim-part-1 exam effectively.

User: Vera*****

Testprep practice questions were unlike any I had used before, enabling an effortless pass of my cpim-part-1 exam. Their flexible, easy-to-apply materials suited my average academic background, and the thorough explanations clarified every question. I am committed to using their resources for future certifications and appreciate their exceptional quality.

User: Slavik*****

I am delighted to hear that these CPIM-PART-1 Q&A helped you pass your exam and achieve your dream certification. I understand how challenging it can be to make time for studying, and it is great to hear that the convenient format and exam simulator made exam preparation more manageable for you.

User: Tassa*****

I was thrilled to score high on my cpim-part-1 exam, thanks to Killexams.com. Initially skeptical, I was amazed at how their materials simplified complex subjects and built my confidence. The online educators at Killexams.com are dedicated and exceptional, and I salute their commitment to helping students succeed.

User: Lenya*****

Achieving an 86% score on the CPIM-PART-1 exam exceeded my expectations, and I owe this success to killexams.com’s testprep materials. Despite encountering some challenging topics, their practice questions provided clear explanations that helped me grasp complex concepts. The accurate and reliable resources laid a solid foundation, enabling me to overcome initial difficulties and pass with confidence.

CPIM-Part-1 Exam

Question: CPIM-Part-1 exam questions are changed, where can I find a new question bank?
Answer: Killexams keep on checking update and change/update the CPIM-Part-1 exam dumps questions and practice questions accordingly. You will receive an update notification to re-download the CPIM-Part-1 exam files. You can then login to your MyAccount and get the exam files accordingly.

Question: I will take CPIM-Part-1 exam in couple of days, do I still need to register for 3 months?
Answer: 3 months account is free to access your downloads. There is no difference in price for 1 month or 3 months or even 3 days. It means, killexams provide practice exam with at least 3 months' access to get files.

Question: I failed the exam but do not receive my refund, why?
Answer: There are several reasons for this issue. There are some guidelines provided for refund validity at https://killexams.com/pass-guarantee that might help you in this issue.

Question: Is it possible for me to get CPIM-Part-1 PDF free?
Answer: Yes, you can get CPIM-Part-1 trial questions to evaluate the full version of the product. When you go through the product and find it useful for your CPIM-Part-1 exam, Go to the killexams.com website, register, and get the full CPIM-Part-1 exam version with a complete CPIM-Part-1 question bank. Memorize all the questions and practice with the exam simulator again and again. You will be ready for the genuine CPIM-Part-1 test.

Question: How long it takes to setup killexams account?
Answer: Killexams take just 5 to 10 minutes to set up your online get account. It is an automatic process and completes in very little time. When you complete your payment, their system starts setting up your account within no time and it takes less than 5 minutes. You will receive an email with your login information immediately after your account is setup. You can then login and get your exam files.

APICS+Inventory+Exam+Questions
https://www.pass4surez.com/art/read.php?keyword=APICS+Inventory+Exam+Questions&lang=us&links=remove

Selecting a reliable source for certification exam preparation can be challenging, as candidates often face risks from untrustworthy providers. At Killexams, they prioritize delivering high-quality, up-to-date practice questions to ensure their clients are well-prepared for their exams. Their commitment to excellence has earned us the trust of countless candidates who have successfully passed their certifications with ease and confidence. They take pride in maintaining their stellar reputation, never compromising on the quality of their resources or the trust their clients place in us. While some competitors may attempt to discredit us with false claims or misleading reports, they encourage you to focus on the experiences of their satisfied customers. Thousands have achieved their certification goals using Killexams’ comprehensive practice tests, PDF question banks, and advanced exam simulators. Visit their platform to explore their trial practice questions and experience their cutting-edge exam simulator firsthand. You’ll see why Killexams is recognized as a leading, legitimate provider of certification preparation resources, dedicated to helping you succeed.

Which is the best practice questions website?
Sure, Killexams is 100% legit plus fully reputable. There are several characteristics that makes killexams.com realistic and straight. It provides up to date and 100% valid exam questions comprising real exams questions and answers. Price is small as compared to most of the services online. The Q&A are updated on common basis together with most latest questions. Killexams account build up and product or service delivery is incredibly fast. Report downloading is normally unlimited and fast. Service is avaiable via Livechat and E-mail. These are the characteristics that makes killexams.com a strong website that offer exam prep with real exams questions.

Is killexams.com test material dependable?
There are several Q&A provider in the market claiming that they provide genuine exam Questions, Braindumps, Practice Tests, Study Guides, cheat sheet and many other names, but most of them are re-sellers that do not update their contents frequently. Killexams.com is best website of Year 2025 that understands the issue candidates face when they spend their time studying obsolete contents taken from free pdf get sites or reseller sites. Thats why killexams.com update exam Q&A with the same frequency as they are updated in Real Test. exam questions provided by killexams.com are Reliable, Up-to-date and validated by Certified Professionals. They maintain dumps questions of valid Questions that is kept up-to-date by checking update on daily basis.

If you want to Pass your exam Fast with improvement in your knowledge about latest course contents and subjects of new syllabus, They recommend to get PDF exam Questions from killexams.com and get ready for genuine exam. When you feel that you should register for Premium Version, Just choose visit killexams.com and register, you will receive your Username/Password in your Email within 5 to 10 minutes. All the future updates and changes in Q&A will be provided in your get Account. You can get Premium practice exam files as many times as you want, There is no limit.

Killexams.com has provided VCE practice exam Software to Practice your exam by Taking Test Frequently. It asks the Real exam Questions and Marks Your Progress. You can take test as many times as you want. There is no limit. It will make your test prep very fast and effective. When you start getting 100% Marks with complete Pool of Questions, you will be ready to take genuine Test. Go register for Test in Test Center and Enjoy your Success.

Other APICS Practice Tests

Best practice questions You Ever Experienced

References :

Back to Main Page

Direct Download

CPIM-Part-1 Reviews by Customers

Customer Reviews help to evaluate the exam performance in real test. Here all the reviews, reputation, success stories and ripoff reports provided.

CPIM-Part-1 Reviews

100% Valid and Up to Date CPIM-Part-1 Exam Questions

We hereby announce with the collaboration of world's leader in Certification Exam Dumps and Real Exam Questions with Practice Tests that, we offer Real Exam Questions of thousands of Certification Exams Free PDF with up to date VCE exam simulator Software.

Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

Betriebsunterbrechung
Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
Mehrkosten
Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
Cyber-Erpressung
Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
Ersatz-IT-Hardware
Cyber-Betrug

2025 Updated Actual CPIM-Part-1 questions as experienced in Test Center

Aktuelle CPIM-Part-1 Fragen aus echten Tests von Killexams.com - easy finanz | easyfinanz

APICS CPIM-Part-1 : Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) Practice Tests

Latest 2025 Updated APICS Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) Syllabus CPIM-Part-1 dumps questions with Premium PDF and Test Engine

Practice Tests and Free VCE Software - Questions Updated on Daily BasisBig Discount / Cheapest price & 100% Pass Guarantee

CPIM-Part-1 exam Format | CPIM-Part-1 Course Contents | CPIM-Part-1 Course Outline | CPIM-Part-1 exam Syllabus | CPIM-Part-1 exam Objectives

Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Feedback

APICS Inventory exam Questions

CPIM-Part-1 Exam

CPIM-Part-1 Exam

Other APICS Practice Tests

Best practice questions You Ever Experienced

References :

CPIM-Part-1 Reviews by Customers

100% Valid and Up to Date CPIM-Part-1 Exam Questions

Cyber-Kosten:

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

Latest 2025 Updated APICS Certified in Production and Inventory Management v.8 Part 1 (ASCM) Syllabus
CPIM-Part-1 dumps questions with Premium PDF and Test Engine

Practice Tests and Free VCE Software - Questions Updated on Daily Basis
Big Discount / Cheapest price & 100% Pass Guarantee