Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

Wo erhalte ich vollständige Informationen über GRE?

Nachfolgend finden Sie alle Details zu Übungstests, Dumps und aktuellen Fragen der GRE: Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Prüfung.

2025 Updated Actual GRE questions as experienced in Test Center

Aktuelle GRE Fragen aus echten Tests von Killexams.com - easy finanz | easyfinanz

Admission-Tests GRE : Graduate Record exam (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Practice Tests

Practice Tests Organized by Martha nods



Latest 2025 Updated Admission-Tests Graduate Record exam (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Syllabus
GRE question bank with Premium PDF and Test Engine

Practice Tests and Free VCE Software - Questions Updated on Daily Basis
Big Discount / Cheapest price & 100% Pass Guarantee




GRE question bank : Download 100% Free GRE practice exams (PDF and VCE)

Exam Number : GRE
Exam Name : Graduate Record exam (Latest QAs Set) - 2025
Vendor Name : Admission-Tests
Update : Click Here to Check Latest Update
Question Bank : Check Questions

Free GRE Mock Questions with Questions and Answers and Questions and Answers
Studying GRE course books alone isn't enough to pass the GRE exam, as there are many tricky questions that can lead to failure. At killexams.com, we've taken care of these situations by collecting GRE Exam Questions. They regularly update their GRE Real exam Questions to make it easy for candidates to download and memorize before attempting the actual GRE exam.

If you're aiming for a highly paid position and need the latest 2025 updated exam braindumps to pass the Admission-Tests GRE exam, then register at killexams.com with their special discount coupons and download the 2025 updated actual GRE questions. Their team of specialists is constantly collecting real exam questions to ensure that you pass the GRE exam with ease. You'll get Graduate Record exam (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 exam questions that will help you clear your concepts about the course outline and objectives of the exam. Relying solely on the GRE course book is not enough to pass the exam, as you need to prepare for the tricky questions asked in the actual GRE exam.

To achieve success, visit killexams.com and download their Free GRE Questions and Answers demo questions. If you find that you're able to memorize these questions, you can register to download the Study Guides of GRE Questions and Answers at a discounted price. This will be your first step towards success. Install the VCE exam simulator on your computer or smartphones and practice with it frequently. Read and memorize the GRE Questions and Answers to enhance your knowledge. When you feel confident and well-prepared, register for the actual test at the test center. Be cautious of companies that offer GRE PDF Download as valid and the latest 2025 up-to-date GRE Study Guides, as this is a major issue. Don't depend on free dumps provided on the internet.







GRE exam Format | GRE Course Contents | GRE Course Outline | GRE exam Syllabus | GRE exam Objectives


Test Detail:
The GRE (Graduate Record Exams) is a standardized test designed to assess the readiness of students for graduate-level studies. The test consists of multiple-choice questions and constructed-response tasks in three sections: Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Analytical Writing. Here is a detailed overview of the GRE test, including the number of questions and time, course outline, exam objectives, and exam syllabus.

Number of Questions and Time:
The GRE test consists of three sections, each with a different number of questions and time limits:

1. Verbal Reasoning:
- Number of Questions: Approximately 40 questions (20 per section)
- Time Limit: 30 minutes per section

2. Quantitative Reasoning:
- Number of Questions: Approximately 40 questions (20 per section)
- Time Limit: 35 minutes per section

3. Analytical Writing:
- Number of Tasks: One "Issue" task and one "Argument" task
- Time Limit: 30 minutes per task

Course Outline:
The GRE does not have a specific course outline, as it is a test that assesses a student's general knowledge and skills. However, test-takers can prepare for the exam by focusing on the following key areas:

1. Verbal Reasoning:
- studying Comprehension: Understanding and analyzing written passages.
- Text Completion: Filling in the missing words in a given text.
- Sentence Equivalence: Selecting the correct words to complete a sentence.

2. Quantitative Reasoning:
- Arithmetic: Numbers, operations, percentages, and ratios.
- Algebra: Equations, inequalities, functions, and exponents.
- Geometry: Lines, angles, triangles, circles, and polygons.
- Data Analysis: Interpreting and analyzing data from tables, graphs, and charts.

3. Analytical Writing:
- Issue Task: Analyzing and presenting arguments on a given issue.
- Argument Task: Evaluating and critiquing an argument and proposing alternative explanations or solutions.

Exam Objectives:
The objectives of the GRE test include:
- Assessing the test-taker's readiness for graduate-level academic work.
- Evaluating critical thinking skills, analytical reasoning, and problem-solving abilities.
- Providing graduate schools and programs with a standardized measure for admissions and scholarship decisions.

Exam Syllabus:
The GRE test covers a broad range of content areas. The syllabus includes:

1. Verbal Reasoning Section:
- studying Comprehension: Understanding and analyzing written passages from various disciplines.
- Text Completion: Filling in the missing words in a given text to maintain coherence and meaning.
- Sentence Equivalence: Selecting the correct words to complete a sentence with equal meaning.

2. Quantitative Reasoning Section:
- Arithmetic: Operations, percentages, ratios, and proportions.
- Algebra: Equations, inequalities, functions, and exponents.
- Geometry: Lines, angles, triangles, circles, and polygons.
- Data Analysis: Interpreting and analyzing data from tables, graphs, and charts.

3. Analytical Writing Section:
- Issue Task: Analyzing a given issue, presenting an argument, and supporting it with evidence and examples.
- Argument Task: Evaluating an argument, identifying logical flaws, and providing alternative explanations or solutions.

Note: The specific content and emphasis within each section may vary from test to test, but the overall structure and objectives remain consistent.

It's important to note that the GRE is periodically updated, and the test content and format may change. It is recommended to consult the official GRE website or authorized test centers for the most up-to-date information regarding the test.

KE GRE Sections in Files
------------------------

GRE File 1
-----------
Section 1: Analogies Part 1
Section 2: Analogies Part 2
Section 3: Basic Algebra
Section 4: Advanced Algebra
Section 5: Averages and Rounding
Section 6: Arithmetic
Section 7: Commas
Section 8: Estimation and Sequences
Section 9: Exponents
Section 10: Fractions and Square Roots
Section 11: Geometry
Section 12: Basic Grammar
Section 13: Intermediate Grammar
Section 14: Advanced Grammar
Section 15: Graphs
Section 16: Basic Math
Section 17: Intermediate Math
Section 18: Advanced Math
Section 19: Comparison Math Questions
Section 20: Measurement
Section 21: Nouns
Section 22: Percents and Ratios
Section 23: Basic studying Comprehension

GRE File 2
----------
Section 1: Reading
Section 2: studying for the Main Idea
Section 3: studying for the Main Idea
Section 4: studying for the Main Idea
Section 5: studying for the Main Idea
Section 6: studying for the Main Idea
Section 7: studying for the Main Idea
Section 8: studying for the Main Idea
Section 9: studying for the Main Idea
Section 10: studying Vocabulary
Section 11: Sentence Correction
Section 12: Sentence Flow
Section 13: Usage Test 1
Section 14: Usage Test 2
Section 15: Usage Test 3
Section 16: Verbs
Section 17: Writing Section 1
Section 18: Writing Section 2

GRE File 3
----------
Section: Quantitative

GRE File 4
----------
Section 1: Analogies
Section 2: Antonyms
Section 3: Sentence Completion
Section 4: studying Comprehension

GRE File 5
----------
Section: Reading

GRE File 6
----------
Section: studying / Writing / Verbal



Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Feedback


I want the latest practice exams for the GRE exam.
I have never used such excellent Dumps for my knowledge. Thanks to killexams.com, I passed my GRE exam effortlessly. It is a flexible material to apply, and I will continue using their product for my future tests. I have been an average candidate, but I was able to pass the exam with the simplest killexams.com studying material. All questions were explained thoroughly.


What is needed to pass the GRE exam?
Despite finding the GRE exam difficult, I managed to score 87% and pass it, thanks to killexams.com. Initially, I was about to supply up on taking this exam, but my friend suggested using killexams.com questions and answers. Within just four weeks, I was thoroughly prepared for the exam.


Save your money and time; take these GRE Braindumps and study for the exam.
I am proud to have scored 89% in my GRE exam, which was a challenging but rewarding experience. I owe my success to killexams.com, which provided accurate indicators of my potential and capabilities in preparation for the exam. This resource is particularly helpful for tests taken shortly before the academic test and offers reliable updates. The GRE exam offers a thorough evaluation of a candidate's potential and capabilities.


Where will I find Braindumps to study for the GRE exam?
I want to congratulate the author for their success in the GRE exam and thank them for their kind words about killexams.com. The website has helped countless students like them to achieve their educational goals and pass difficult certification exams.


Did you attempt this top-notch material with updated practice tests?
The practice classes and resources provided by killexams.com were instrumental in my success in the GRE exam. The website gave me the opportunity to test myself before the actual exam, making me feel confident and adequately prepared. Thanks to the website's excellent support, I managed to score well in the exam, and I am incredibly grateful for their services.


Admission-Tests QAs testing

GRE Exam

User: Zhanna*****

Despite trying many different methods to achieve high scores in the GRE, I was not making progress. However, I stumbled upon Killexams.com online GRE exam resources by mistake, and this mistake turned out to be a sweet one that I will remember for a long time. Thanks to the Killexams exercise test, which was available online, I was able to score well on my GRE exam.
User: Liz*****

With the help of the practice exams guide from Killexams.com, I scored an astounding 88% in my gre exam. My partner suggested that I use the guide as a quick reference, and it was worth it. It covered all the material through short answers that were easy to remember. I have since chosen Killexams.com for all my future exams, although I was initially uncertain about how to cover all the material in just three weeks.
User: Lorenzo*****

Initially, I felt unsure whether I would pass the GRE exam and was on the verge of giving up. However, with a week remaining, I decided to switch to Killexams.com Braindumps for my exam education. I was pleasantly surprised to find that subjects I had previously found dull were now engaging, thanks to the easy and concise manner in which the material was presented. All credit goes to Killexams.com Braindumps for enabling me to pass with flying colors.
User: Matt*****

I passed the GRE exam using Killexams.com and received my certificate. I have done all my certifications with Killexams.com and keep coming back for their bundles. The fact that I can practice on my computer at home and see the same questions as in the exam simulator is amazing. Thanks to Killexams.com, I have reached the professional level, and I am happy with where I am in my career.
User: Tina*****

A colleague recommended Killexams.com Braindumps to me, and I was not disappointed. She had passed her exam using their exam materials, and I achieved a score of 88% using them. The material was top-notch, and the process of enrolling for the exam was straightforward. Though the exam was challenging, their answers and elements to the questions helped me attempt the indirect questions. Thanks Killexams Team.

GRE Exam

Question: What is fastest way to pass GRE exam?
Answer: The fastest way to pass GRE exam is to study actual GRE questions, memorize, practice, and then take the test. If you practice more and more, you can pass GRE exam within 48 hours or less. But they recommend spending more time studying and practice GRE practice questions until you are sure that you can answer all the questions that will be asked in the actual GRE exam. Go to killexams.com and download the complete actual question bank of GRE exam. These GRE exam questions are taken from actual exam sources, that's why these GRE exam questions are sufficient to read and pass the exam. Although you can use other sources also for improvement of knowledge like textbooks and other aid material these GRE questions are sufficient to pass the exam.
Question: What if I do not pass GRE exam with your test prep?
Answer: First of all, if you read and memorize all GRE questions and practice with the VCE exam simulator, you will surely pass your exam. But in case, you fail the exam you can get the new exam in replacement of the present exam or refund. You can further check details at https://killexams.com/pass-guarantee
Question: Precisely same questions, Is it possible?
Answer: Yes, It is possible and it is happening in the case of these GRE exam questions. They are taken from actual exam sources, that's why these GRE exam questions are sufficient to read and pass the exam. Although you can use other sources also for improvement of knowledge like textbooks and other aid material these GRE questions are sufficient to pass the exam.
Question: Can I ask killexams to send exam files by email?
Answer: Yes, Of course. You can ask killexams.com support to send your exam files by email. Usually, you do not need to ask support because you can log in to your MyAccount anytime with your username and password and click on the icon to download the latest exam files. But still, if you face an issue in downloading files, you can ask support to send the files by email. Their support team will try to send files as soon as possible.
Question: Is there a shortcut to speedy read and pass GRE exam?
Answer: Yes, you can pass your GRE exam in very little time. If you have more time to study, you can prepare for an exam even in 24 hours. Although they recommend taking your time to study and practice GRE questions until you are sure that you can answer all the questions that will be asked in the actual GRE exam. Go to killexams.com and register to download the complete question bank of GRE exam test prep. These GRE exam questions are taken from actual exams. That's why these GRE exam questions are sufficient to read and pass the exam. Although you can use other material also for improvement of knowledge like textbooks and other aid material these GRE questions are sufficient to pass the exam.
Admission-Tests+QAs+testing
https://www.pass4surez.com/art/read.php?keyword=Admission-Tests+QAs+testing&lang=us&links=remove



Obviously it is hard task to pick solid certification Braindumps concerning review, reputation and validity since individuals get scam because of picking bad service. Killexams.com ensure to serve its customers best to its value concerning exam braindumps update and validity. The vast majority of customers scam by resellers come to us for the exam braindumps and pass their exams cheerfully and effectively. They never trade off on their review, reputation and quality because killexams review, killexams reputation and killexams customer certainty is vital to us. Specially they deal with killexams.com review, killexams.com reputation, killexams.com scam report grievance, killexams.com trust, killexams.com validity, killexams.com report. In the event that you see any false report posted by their competitors with the name killexams scam report, killexams.com failing report, killexams.com scam or something like this, simply remember there are several terrible individuals harming reputation of good administrations because of their advantages. There are a great many successful clients that pass their exams utilizing killexams.com exam dumps, killexams PDF questions, killexams questions bank, killexams VCE exam simulator. Visit their specimen questions and test exam dumps, their exam simulator and you will realize that killexams.com is the best brain dumps site.

Which is the best practice exams website?
You bet, Killexams is completely legit together with fully reputable. There are several capabilities that makes killexams.com unique and genuine. It provides current and completely valid exam questions formulated with real exams questions and answers. Price is very low as compared to many of the services on internet. The Braindumps are updated on ordinary basis by using most recent questions. Killexams account structure and device delivery is amazingly fast. Document downloading is unlimited and intensely fast. Help is avaiable via Livechat and Contact. These are the characteristics that makes killexams.com a robust website that supply exam prep with real exams questions.



Is killexams.com test material dependable?
There are several Braindumps provider in the market claiming that they provide actual exam Questions, Braindumps, Practice Tests, Study Guides, cheat sheet and many other names, but most of them are re-sellers that do not update their contents frequently. Killexams.com is best website of Year 2025 that understands the issue candidates face when they spend their time studying obsolete contents taken from free pdf download sites or reseller sites. Thats why killexams.com update exam Braindumps with the same frequency as they are updated in Real Test. exam questions provided by killexams.com are Reliable, Up-to-date and validated by Certified Professionals. They maintain question bank of valid Questions that is kept up-to-date by checking update on daily basis.

If you want to Pass your exam Fast with improvement in your knowledge about latest course contents and subjects of new syllabus, They recommend to download PDF exam Questions from killexams.com and get ready for actual exam. When you feel that you should register for Premium Version, Just choose visit killexams.com and register, you will receive your Username/Password in your Email within 5 to 10 minutes. All the future updates and changes in Braindumps will be provided in your download Account. You can download Premium practice questions files as many times as you want, There is no limit.

Killexams.com has provided VCE practice questions Software to Practice your exam by Taking Test Frequently. It asks the Real exam Questions and Marks Your Progress. You can take test as many times as you want. There is no limit. It will make your test prep very fast and effective. When you start getting 100% Marks with complete Pool of Questions, you will be ready to take actual Test. Go register for Test in Test Center and Enjoy your Success.




CPCE exam papers | CQIA cbt | Salesforce-Certified-Advanced-Administrator exam cram | ACHPN exam Questions | HCISPP bootcamp | PEGACPDC88V1 boot camp | 156-110 certification demo | CIMAPRA17-BA3-1-ENG training material | PCPP-32-101 online exam | CMAA study questions | 922-102 test demo | PCNSA cram | CPFO demo test questions | C1000-058 Braindumps | PSPO-I practice questions | 201-01 question bank | MORF free pdf | CRA exam results | NHDP-BC study material | CBCP free exam practice |


GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 test
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 answers
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 real questions
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 PDF questions
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 testing
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 PDF Download
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 syllabus
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 teaching
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 PDF questions
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 PDF Download
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 information source
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Latest Topics
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Practice Test
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 syllabus
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 exam Questions
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Premium PDF
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 exam cram
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Practice Test
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 learn
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 teaching
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 information source
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 testprep
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 syllabus
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 test
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 PDF Questions
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Test Prep
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 answers
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 testing
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 syllabus
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 study tips
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 PDF Download
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 test
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 exam
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Free exam PDF
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 answers
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 book
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 certification
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 study help
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 exam format
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 exam Questions
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 practice tests
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 test questions
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 syllabus
GRE - Graduate Record Examination (Latest QAs Set) - 2025 Premium PDF

Other Admission-Tests Practice Tests


MCAT exam Cram | CBEST test prep questions | SSAT exam cram | OAT practice questions | GMAT question test | GRE-Verbal prep questions | Praxis-Core test exam | LSAT prep questions | TOEFL questions and answers | WorkKeys Question Bank | GRE free exam practice | GMAT-Verbal online exam | MAT PDF Questions | LSAT-Logical-Reasoning exam cram | ASSET cram book | LSAT-reading-comprehension exam questions | GRE-Quantitative free practice tests | HESI-A2 exam questions | SAT mock questions |


Best practice exams You Ever Experienced


PSPO-II exam answers | PHR exam tips | ISEBSWTINT-001 questions and answers | 050-SEPROAUTH-01 exam papers | FSLCC real questions | AICP exam preparation | 6210 practice questions | 8010 pdf download | NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction exam Questions | CIMAPRA17-BA3-1-ENG free practice tests | CRT-251 cram book | CEN Practice Test | CIMAPRA19-F01-1-ENG Study Guide | ACF-CMC demo test questions | HQT-4120 cram | NCCT-ICS free questions | AZ-140 exam questions | EADC test prep | PR000007 test practice | PCCN free questions |





References :


http://killexams-braindumps.blogspot.com/2020/06/anyone-can-pass-gre-exam-with-our-free.html
https://killexams-posting.dropmark.com/817438/23730979
https://www.instapaper.com/read/1321518154
https://sites.google.com/view/killexams-gre-exam-questions
https://files.fm/f/4h3khhh4r
https://youtu.be/k6vrURNp4EQ
http://feeds.feedburner.com/ExecuteYourMb3-215ExamAtFirstAttempt



Similar Websites :
Pass4sure Certification exam Practice Tests
Pass4Sure Certification Question Bank






Direct Download

GRE Reviews by Customers

Customer Reviews help to evaluate the exam performance in real test. Here all the reviews, reputation, success stories and ripoff reports provided.

GRE Reviews

100% Valid and Up to Date GRE Exam Questions

We hereby announce with the collaboration of world's leader in Certification Exam Dumps and Real Exam Questions with Practice Tests that, we offer Real Exam Questions of thousands of Certification Exams Free PDF with up to date VCE exam simulator Software.

Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug