Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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Exam Number : PEGACPRSAV22
Exam Name : Certified Pega Robotics System Architect (PEGACPRSA22V1)
Vendor Name : Pegasystems
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PEGACPRSAV22 test Format | PEGACPRSAV22 Course Contents | PEGACPRSAV22 Course Outline | PEGACPRSAV22 test Syllabus | PEGACPRSAV22 test Objectives
Exam Name: PEGACPRSAV22 (Certified Pega Robotics System Architect)
The PEGACPRSAV22 test is designed to assess the knowledge and skills of individuals aspiring to become Certified Pega Robotics System Architects. The test format may vary, but typically it consists of the following components:
Exam Type: The test is typically computer-based and delivered online. It may be a proctored exam, meaning that a proctor monitors the test session remotely or in-person to ensure integrity.
Question Format: The test questions are generally multiple-choice, where you will be presented with a question and multiple answer options. You must select the most appropriate answer(s) from the given choices.
Number of Questions: The exact number of questions may vary, but you can expect a range of 60 to 80 questions.
Time Limit: The test typically has a time limit ranging from 90 to 120 minutes (1.5 to 2 hours). The specific time allotted will be mentioned in the test instructions.
Passing Score: The passing score for the test is typically set by the certification provider. You need to achieve a score equal to or higher than the passing score to earn the certification.
Exam Content: The test content covers the courses mentioned in the test objectives and syllabus. Questions will assess your understanding of RPA basics, Pega Robotics System Architect overview, Pega Robotics Studio usage, application analysis and robotics design, automation development, exception handling, error management, deployment, and maintenance.
Preparation: To prepare for the exam, it is recommended to study the official test resources, including documentation, guides, and any recommended training courses. Hands-on experience with Pega Robotics System Architect and practice with sample questions can also be beneficial.
Exam Objectives:
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Basics:
Understand the fundamental concepts and principles of Robotic Process Automation.
Demonstrate knowledge of RPA tools and technologies.
Explain the benefits and limitations of RPA.
Pega Robotics System Architect Overview:
Understand the role and responsibilities of a Pega Robotics System Architect.
Explain the features and capabilities of Pega Robotics System Architect.
Describe the integration possibilities with other Pega platforms.
Pega Robotics Studio:
Demonstrate proficiency in using Pega Robotics Studio.
Create and manage projects within Pega Robotics Studio.
Understand the various components and tools available in Pega Robotics Studio.
Application Analysis and Robotics Design:
Analyze and understand target applications for automation.
Identify automation opportunities and prioritize them.
Design efficient and effective robotic solutions using Pega Robotics System Architect.
Robotics Automation Development:
Develop automation solutions using Pega Robotics System Architect.
Use Pega Robotics Studio to create and configure robotic automations.
Implement best practices for building scalable and maintainable automation solutions.
Exception Handling and Error Management:
Handle exceptions and errors in robotic automations.
Implement error handling mechanisms to ensure robustness and reliability.
Troubleshoot and debug issues in robotic automations.
Deployment and Maintenance:
Understand the deployment process of robotic automations.
Configure and manage robotic runtime environments.
Monitor and maintain deployed robotic solutions.
Exam Syllabus:
Introduction to Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
RPA Concepts and Principles
RPA Tools and Technologies
Benefits and Limitations of RPA
Pega Robotics System Architect Overview
Role and Responsibilities of a Pega Robotics System Architect
Features and Capabilities of Pega Robotics System Architect
Integration Possibilities with Other Pega Platforms
Pega Robotics Studio
Pega Robotics Studio Interface
Project Creation and Management
Components and Tools in Pega Robotics Studio
Application Analysis and Robotics Design
Application Analysis for Automation
Automation Opportunity Identification and Prioritization
Designing Robust Robotic Solutions
Robotics Automation Development
Development Process in Pega Robotics System Architect
Creating and Configuring Robotic Automations
Best Practices for Automation Development
Exception Handling and Error Management
Handling Exceptions in Robotic Automations
Error Management and Recovery Mechanisms
Troubleshooting and Debugging Techniques
Deployment and Maintenance
Deployment Process of Robotic Automations
Configuring Robotic Runtime Environments
Monitoring and Maintaining Robotic Solutions
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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug