Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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1D0-610 test Format | 1D0-610 Course Contents | 1D0-610 Course Outline | 1D0-610 test Syllabus | 1D0-610 test Objectives
The CIW Web Foundations series of courses is the most popular vendor-neutral Web education program in the world. Individuals who have completed all three Foundations courses have mastered more than mere digital literacy skills: They have a unique understanding of Internet business, data networking and Web site design.
Certified CIW Web Foundations Associates have validated their understanding of important technologies that affect virtually every business. This certification is ideal for all professionals who use the Internet on the job. Once certified, these individuals are ready to pursue specialties in Web design, e-commerce, JavaScript, databases and other fields.
Internet Business Associate
Internet Business Associate prepares students to work effectively in today's business environment. In this course, you will learn about the tasks involved in various Information Technology (IT) job roles, and explore career opportunities in the IT industry. You will also learn about Internet connection methods, Internet protocols, the Domain Name System (DNS), cloud computing and mobile devices. You will study the basic functions of Web browsers, the components of Web addresses and browser use in the business world. You will learn how browser plug-ins and add-ons can Strengthen your Web-browsing experience, and you will use browsers to download and manage files.
You will learn about databases as they relate to Web search engines, and you will use search engines to conduct basic and advanced Web searches. This course also teaches you to use local and Web-based (cloud-based) e-mail clients, and it provides guidelines for communicating effectively over the Internet using Web technologies and social networking tools. You will also learn about Internet research and collaboration tools, software development tools, and the patent and licensing practices that accompany software applications.
In addition, you will learn how to protect your privacy and personal information on the Internet. This course includes protecting your reputation by limiting the information you post online. This course also discusses the risks associated with being connected to the Internet, and the security measures that can keep your computer system and your personal information secure. You will also learn about the use and control of cookies. Finally, you will study the fundamental elements of project and program management, and the importance of acquiring these skills for all IT job roles.
Introduction to IT Business and Careers
Information Technology (IT)
IT Job Roles
IT Industry Career Opportunities
Technical Concepts and Training
Technology Adoption Models
Business Modeling
Data Modeling
The Importance of Standards
That's a Hot Site
Internet Communication
Communicating via the Internet
Modern Web Technologies
Social Networking
Messaging
Blogging
Communicating Effectively over the Internet
Convergence and Unified
Communications Technologies
Web 2.0 Travel Guide=>
Introduction to Internet Technology
Internet Technology
Overview of Networks
Overview of the Internet
Connecting to the Internet
Internet Protocols
Domain Name System (DNS)
Cloud Computing
Computing in the Cloud
Web Browsing
Introduction to Web Browsing
Basic Functions of Web Browsers
Installing a Web Browser
Web Addresses
How Browsers Work
Browser Choices
Browsing Techniques
Browser Elements
Configuring Web Browser Preferences
Proxy Servers
Troubleshooting Internet Client Problems
Working the Help Desk
Multimedia on the Web
Introduction to Multimedia on the Web
Objects, Active Content and Languages
Objects and Security Issues
HTML5 vs. Plug-ins
Introduction to Plug-in Technology
Data Compression and Decompression
Plug-in Installation
Types of Plug-ins
Firefox Add-Ons
Types of Viewers
Miscellaneous File Formats
Downloading Files with a Browser
The Right Tools for the Job
Databases and Web Search Engines
Introduction to Data Searching
Tools
Overview of Databases
Introduction to Web Search Engines
Registering a Web Site with a Search Engine
Types of Web Searches
Basic Web Searching Techniques
Boolean Operators
Advanced Web Searching Techniques
Using Web Searches to Perform Job Tasks
Unexpected Web Search Results
Web Search Strategies
Evaluating Resources
Organizing Internet Research
Citing Copyrighted Online Resources
To Be Valid or Not to Be Valid=>
Business E Mail and Personal Information Management
Introduction to Business Electronic
Mail (E Mail)
How E Mail Works
E Mail Configuration Requirements
E Mail Message Components
Creating and Sending E Mail Messages
Receiving and Viewing E Mail Messages
E Mail in the Workplace
E Mail Problems and Solutions
Personal Information Management (PIM)
Mastering the Art of E-Mail
Protecting Yourself Online
Introduction to Protecting Yourself Online
The Right to Be Forgotten
Spam
Cookies
Configuring Browser Security
Authentication
Encryption
Malware (Malicious Software)
Virus Detection and Prevention
Spyware and Virus Removal
Updates and Patches
Locking Your Computer
Typosquatting
Protecting Company Resources
Firewalls
Security-Related Ethical and Legal Issues
Legal Protection
Internet Services and Tools for Business
Internet Resource Tools
Mass E-Mail and Texting Services
List Servers
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Managing Downloaded Files
Virtual Network Computing (VNC)
Remote Desktop Connection
Peer-to-Peer Networks
Troubleshooting Using TCP/IP
Tools
Open-Source Development
Proprietary Software and EULAs
Software Patents
These Are Sensitive Files
IT Project and Program Management
Overview of IT Project and Program Management
Resources for Technical Data
Project Management Fundamentals
Project Management Skills
Project Management Phases
The Project Triangle
Project Management Software
Creating Project Schedules
Documenting Projects
Planning and Scheduling Meetings
Browsers in the Business World
Reviewing Projects
Quality Assurance
Business Implications of IT Projects
Project Management Institute (PMI)
Program Management Concepts
We Need an Intranet!
All students preparing to enter or continue in the workforce can benefit from the CIW Internet Business
Associate course and/or certification:
• High school students
• College students
• Technical/trade school students
Professionals in all industries can benefit from the CIW Internet Business Associate course and/or certification:
• IT professionals
• Healthcare professionals
• Legal professionals
• Marketing professionals
• Graphic artists
• Business professionals
Site Development Associate teaches you essential Web page development skills. You will learn to develop
Web sites using Hypertext Markup Language version 5 (HTML5) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). You
will learn to write code manually, as well as use graphical user interface (GUI) authoring tools. You will
also learn to insert images, create hyperlinks, and add tables, forms, video, and audio to your Web pages.
In addition to learning about HTML5 and CSS coding, you will learn how to use HTML5 Application
Programming Interfaces (APIs) to extend the functionality of Web pages, such as geolocation, drag-anddrop, canvas, and offline Web applications. Other subjects include validating your HTML code, recognizing
the importance of search engine optimization (SEO), using style sheets extensively to format Web page
content, and implementing fundamental design concepts. Throughout the course, you will learn how Web
sites are developed as managed projects. You will also identify e-commerce solutions and relate Web site
development to business goals.
Site Development Associate provides an introduction to tasks, job roles and careers in Web development.
This course will teach you to work as a productive part of a Web site development team. Hands-on labs
include real-world scenarios based on a previously live version of the Habitat for Humanity site. Note that
students will build prototype pages using Habitat for Humanity content. This content is provided by
Habitat for Humanity with permission to use it in labs teaching site development skills. The prototype
pages that students build do not necessarily represent, duplicate or simulate the current live Habitat for
Humanity Web site.
Topics
Markup Language and Site
Development Essentials
Creating Web Pages
Mobile and Cloud Issues
Text Editors and Markup
Languages
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Editors
History of Markup Languages
The HTML Web Development
Trifecta: HTML5, CSS and
JavaScript
Web Site Development Principles
Hosting and Web Service Providers
The Habitat for Humanity Web Site
HTML5 Coding
Introduction to Using HTML
Elements and Markup Tags
Document Structure Tags
Web Site File Structure
Preparing Your Development
Environment
Paragraph Formatting and BlockLevel Elements
Text-Level Elements
Lists
Good Coding Practice
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
and Graphical Elements
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Separating Content in HTML
Images in Web Pages
HTML Entities
Specifying Colors
Page Colors and Backgrounds
Specifying Font Information
Web Design Issues
HTML5 and Older Browsers
Hyperlinks
Introduction to Hyperlinks
The Anchor Element
Creating Local Hyperlinks
Creating External Hyperlinks
Using Images as Hyperlinks
Creating Internal Links
Managing Hyperlinks
HTML Tables
Introduction to HTML Tables
CSS Properties for All Table
Elements
Table and Data Alignment Options
Height and Width of Table Elements
Column and Row Spanning
HTML Tables vs. CSS Page
Structure
Web Forms
Introduction to Web Forms
Web Forms and CGI
HTML5 and Forms
Basic Tags for Creating Web Forms
Web Form Fields
Video, Audio and Image
Techniques
Introduction to Web Video, Audio
and Image Techniques
The
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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug