Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : 1D0-610
Exam Name : CIW Web Foundations Associate
Vendor Name : CIW
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1D0-610 exam Format | 1D0-610 Course Contents | 1D0-610 Course Outline | 1D0-610 exam Syllabus | 1D0-610 exam Objectives


The CIW Web Foundations series of courses is the most popular vendor-neutral Web education program in the world. Individuals who have completed all three Foundations courses have mastered more than mere digital literacy skills: They have a unique understanding of Internet business, data networking and Web site design.



Certified CIW Web Foundations Associates have validated their understanding of important technologies that affect virtually every business. This certification is ideal for all professionals who use the Internet on the job. Once certified, these individuals are ready to pursue specialties in Web design, e-commerce, JavaScript, databases and other fields.



Internet Business Associate

Internet Business Associate prepares students to work effectively in today's business environment. In this course, you will learn about the tasks involved in various Information Technology (IT) job roles, and explore career opportunities in the IT industry. You will also learn about Internet connection methods, Internet protocols, the Domain Name System (DNS), cloud computing and mobile devices. You will study the basic functions of Web browsers, the components of Web addresses and browser use in the business world. You will learn how browser plug-ins and add-ons can Excellerate your Web-browsing experience, and you will use browsers to get and manage files.



You will learn about databases as they relate to Web search engines, and you will use search engines to conduct basic and advanced Web searches. This course also teaches you to use local and Web-based (cloud-based) e-mail clients, and it provides guidelines for communicating effectively over the Internet using Web technologies and social networking tools. You will also learn about Internet research and collaboration tools, software development tools, and the patent and licensing practices that accompany software applications.



In addition, you will learn how to protect your privacy and personal information on the Internet. This syllabu includes protecting your reputation by limiting the information you post online. This course also discusses the risks associated with being connected to the Internet, and the security measures that can keep your computer system and your personal information secure. You will also learn about the use and control of cookies. Finally, you will study the fundamental elements of project and program management, and the importance of acquiring these skills for all IT job roles.



Introduction to IT Business and Careers

Information Technology (IT)

IT Job Roles

IT Industry Career Opportunities

Technical Concepts and Training

Technology Adoption Models

Business Modeling

Data Modeling

The Importance of Standards

That's a Hot Site



Internet Communication

Communicating via the Internet

Modern Web Technologies

Social Networking

Messaging

Blogging

Communicating Effectively over the Internet

Convergence and Unified

Communications Technologies

Web 2.0 Travel Guide=>



Introduction to Internet Technology

Internet Technology

Overview of Networks

Overview of the Internet

Connecting to the Internet

Internet Protocols

Domain Name System (DNS)

Cloud Computing

Computing in the Cloud



Web Browsing

Introduction to Web Browsing

Basic Functions of Web Browsers

Installing a Web Browser

Web Addresses

How Browsers Work

Browser Choices

Browsing Techniques

Browser Elements

Configuring Web Browser Preferences

Proxy Servers

Troubleshooting Internet Client Problems

Working the Help Desk



Multimedia on the Web

Introduction to Multimedia on the Web

Objects, Active Content and Languages

Objects and Security Issues

HTML5 vs. Plug-ins

Introduction to Plug-in Technology

Data Compression and Decompression

Plug-in Installation

Types of Plug-ins

Firefox Add-Ons

Types of Viewers

Miscellaneous File Formats

Downloading Files with a Browser

The Right Tools for the Job



Databases and Web Search Engines

Introduction to Data Searching

Tools

Overview of Databases

Introduction to Web Search Engines

Registering a Web Site with a Search Engine

Types of Web Searches

Basic Web Searching Techniques

Boolean Operators

Advanced Web Searching Techniques

Using Web Searches to Perform Job Tasks

Unexpected Web Search Results

Web Search Strategies

Evaluating Resources

Organizing Internet Research

Citing Copyrighted Online Resources

To Be Valid or Not to Be Valid=>



Business E Mail and Personal Information Management

Introduction to Business Electronic

Mail (E Mail)

How E Mail Works

E Mail Configuration Requirements

E Mail Message Components

Creating and Sending E Mail Messages

Receiving and Viewing E Mail Messages

E Mail in the Workplace

E Mail Problems and Solutions

Personal Information Management (PIM)

Mastering the Art of E-Mail



Protecting Yourself Online

Introduction to Protecting Yourself Online

The Right to Be Forgotten

Spam

Cookies

Configuring Browser Security

Authentication

Encryption

Malware (Malicious Software)

Virus Detection and Prevention

Spyware and Virus Removal

Updates and Patches

Locking Your Computer

Typosquatting

Protecting Company Resources

Firewalls

Security-Related Ethical and Legal Issues

Legal Protection



Internet Services and Tools for Business

Internet Resource Tools

Mass E-Mail and Texting Services

List Servers

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Managing Downloaded Files

Virtual Network Computing (VNC)

Remote Desktop Connection

Peer-to-Peer Networks

Troubleshooting Using TCP/IP

Tools

Open-Source Development

Proprietary Software and EULAs

Software Patents

These Are Sensitive Files



IT Project and Program Management

Overview of IT Project and Program Management

Resources for Technical Data

Project Management Fundamentals

Project Management Skills

Project Management Phases

The Project Triangle

Project Management Software

Creating Project Schedules

Documenting Projects

Planning and Scheduling Meetings

Browsers in the Business World

Reviewing Projects

Quality Assurance

Business Implications of IT Projects

Project Management Institute (PMI)

Program Management Concepts

We Need an Intranet!



All students preparing to enter or continue in the workforce can benefit from the CIW Internet Business

Associate course and/or certification:

• High school students

• College students

• Technical/trade school students

Professionals in all industries can benefit from the CIW Internet Business Associate course and/or certification:

• IT professionals

• Healthcare professionals

• Legal professionals

• Marketing professionals

• Graphic artists

• Business professionals



Site Development Associate teaches you essential Web page development skills. You will learn to develop
Web sites using Hypertext Markup Language version 5 (HTML5) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). You
will learn to write code manually, as well as use graphical user interface (GUI) authoring tools. You will
also learn to insert images, create hyperlinks, and add tables, forms, video, and audio to your Web pages.

In addition to learning about HTML5 and CSS coding, you will learn how to use HTML5 Application
Programming Interfaces (APIs) to extend the functionality of Web pages, such as geolocation, drag-anddrop, canvas, and offline Web applications. Other syllabus include validating your HTML code, recognizing
the importance of search engine optimization (SEO), using style sheets extensively to format Web page
content, and implementing fundamental design concepts. Throughout the course, you will learn how Web
sites are developed as managed projects. You will also identify e-commerce solutions and relate Web site
development to business goals.

Site Development Associate provides an introduction to tasks, job roles and careers in Web development.
This course will teach you to work as a productive part of a Web site development team. Hands-on labs
include real-world scenarios based on a previously live version of the Habitat for Humanity site. Note that
students will build prototype pages using Habitat for Humanity content. This content is provided by
Habitat for Humanity with permission to use it in labs teaching site development skills. The prototype
pages that students build do not necessarily represent, duplicate or simulate the current live Habitat for
Humanity Web site.

Topics

Markup Language and Site

Development Essentials

Creating Web Pages

Mobile and Cloud Issues

Text Editors and Markup

Languages

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Editors

History of Markup Languages

The HTML Web Development

Trifecta: HTML5, CSS and

JavaScript

Web Site Development Principles

Hosting and Web Service Providers

The Habitat for Humanity Web Site

HTML5 Coding

Introduction to Using HTML

Elements and Markup Tags

Document Structure Tags

Web Site File Structure

Preparing Your Development

Environment

Paragraph Formatting and BlockLevel Elements

Text-Level Elements

Lists

Good Coding Practice

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

and Graphical Elements

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

Separating Content in HTML

Images in Web Pages

HTML Entities

Specifying Colors

Page Colors and Backgrounds

Specifying Font Information

Web Design Issues

HTML5 and Older Browsers

Hyperlinks

Introduction to Hyperlinks

The Anchor Element

Creating Local Hyperlinks

Creating External Hyperlinks

Using Images as Hyperlinks

Creating Internal Links

Managing Hyperlinks

HTML Tables

Introduction to HTML Tables

CSS Properties for All Table

Elements

Table and Data Alignment Options

Height and Width of Table Elements

Column and Row Spanning

HTML Tables vs. CSS Page

Structure

Web Forms

Introduction to Web Forms

Web Forms and CGI

HTML5 and Forms

Basic Tags for Creating Web Forms

Web Form Fields

Video, Audio and Image

Techniques

Introduction to Web Video, Audio

and Image Techniques

The



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug