Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : 1Y0-440
Exam Name : Architecting a Citrix Networking Solution (CCE-AppDS)
Vendor Name : Citrix
Update : Click Here to Check Latest Update
Question Bank : Check Questions

Pass4sure 1Y0-440 Latest Questions that are updated today
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1Y0-440 test Format | 1Y0-440 Course Contents | 1Y0-440 Course Outline | 1Y0-440 test Syllabus | 1Y0-440 test Objectives


Exam Name : Architecting a Citrix Networking Solution (CCE-N)
Exam ID : 1Y0-440
Exam Duration : 150 minutes
Questions in test : 64
Passing Score : 65%
Exam Center : PEARSON VUE
Real Questions : Citrix 1Y0-440 Real Questions
Recommended Practice : Citrix Certified Expert - Networking (CCE - N) Practice Test

The 1Y0-440 test is a 64-question test written in English. Some of the items
on this test will not be scored and thus will not affect your final result in any
way. The unscored items are included in this test solely for research purposes.
The passing score for this test is 65%.

Native English speakers 150 minutes
Non-native English speakers 150 minutes
that take the test in +30 minutes
countries where English is a (time extension)
foreign language

Non-native English speakers
that take the test in 150 minutes
countries where English is +30 minutes
NOT a foreign language (time extension)

The 1Y0-440 test is focused on those subjects that are most important for IT
Professionals with extensive networking and Citrix ADC experience. This test certifies
that test takers have the requisite knowledge and skills required for defining the
overall structure or architecture of a Citrix networking environment. This test covers
advanced Citrix networking configurations and leading Citrix design principles.
Those who assess and design complex network architecture of a Citrix network
environments may hold various job titles such as:
• Citrix Architects
• Citrix Consultants

Recommended Knowledge and Skills
Candidates should have knowledge of the following prior to taking this exam:
• Identify and prioritize business drivers, constraints, and requirements using the
Citrix Consulting methodology.
• Assess environment requirements and learn to apply leading design principles to
address them in a multi-site Citrix ADC deployment.
• Apply advanced authentication and load balancing principles.
• Utilize Citrix ADC Application Delivery Management for monitoring Automation
and Orchestration.
• Identify steps to take in advanced troubleshooting scenarios.
• Ability to evaluate environment documentation and assess necessary
adjustments to meet required environment specifications.
• Assess the environments current security configuration and make necessary
adjustments to bring in line with leading security practices.
• Configure different methods of client connection including Citrix Gateway, VPN,
Split Tunneling and other proxy configuration options.

Recommended Product Experience
Citrix Networking technologies and concepts such as:
• Citrix Methodology and Assessment
• Citrix ADC Deployment
• Citrix Application Delivery Management v12.x
• Citrix Gateway
• Citrix ADC Security
• Traffic Management
• AppExpert
• Application Firewall
• TCP/HTTP/SSL
• Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA)
• GSLB (Global Server Load Balancing)
• Application Delivery Management Automation and Orchestration
• Nitro API

Section Weight
Networking Methodology and Assessment 11%
Citrix ADC Deployment Architecture and Topology 14%
Advanced Authentication and Authorization 21%
Citrix ADC Security 12%
VPN Configuration 12%
Advanced Traffic Management 11%
Citrix Application Delivery Management Automation and Orchestration 19%
TOTAL 100%

Interpretation of Objectives
Candidates should refer to the objectives and examples listed in this guide in order
to determine which subjects will be on the exam, as well as examples of the topics
that could be tested.
For example, if the objective reads, “Assess the printing infrastructure” and one of
the examples reads, “Perform printer driver stress testing” candidates could expect
to see:
• A scenario describing a printing infrastructure:
• Scenario: A Citrix Architect is assessing the current printing
infrastructure at CGE. As part of the exam, the architect wants to
perform printer driver stress testing.
• A question that requires determining how to assess the printer drivers:
• How can the architect assess which printer drivers are in use in the
current environment=>

Use the Citrix Methodology to plan projects.
Identify/Prioritize Business Drivers and
Requirements. Process success criteria, Identify critical
business driver.
Determine how to Segment users into defined use
cases. Discuss existing user filters.
Determine key Application Assessment and
Categorization. Evaluate business critical and business
optional resources.
Determine how to perform Capabilities
Assessment. Gain an understanding of current
environment configurations and identify
risk.
Determine the appropriate Multi-Site Deployments
design.
Determine how to design Multi Tennant
Infrastructure.
Determine how to analyze Citrix Cloud design.

Determine how to review Configuration
components for AAA
Determine how to evaluate the Authentication Process and options
• Determine clientless access through the Gateway to allow access to Published Applications or SAAS Applications.
• Evaluate authentication and authorization policies.
Determine Session Management with AAA Determine how to evaluate the Authentication
Process and options

Objective
Determine how to utilize and implement Multi-Factor (nFactor) Authentication
Determine how to evaluate the Authorization
configuration options
Determine the End Point Analysis Considerations
Define the correct protection against specific Layer
4-7 attacks
Determine how to evaluate VPN Access Scenarios and Configuration.
Determine how to Configure split tunneling and Authorization.
Determine RDP Proxy Configuration
Determine ICA Proxy Considerations
Determine how to implement Advanced Load
Balancing setup
Determine how to Implement Advanced Global
Server Load Balancing setup
Determine how to use Citrix Application Delivery
Management for Citrix ADC Automation
Determine how to assess the Orchestration ability
Determine how to utilize NITRO
Determine how to create Stylebooks



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug