Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : ANS-C01
Exam Name : AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty exam (ANS-C01)
Vendor Name : Amazon
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ANS-C01 exam Format | ANS-C01 Course Contents | ANS-C01 Course Outline | ANS-C01 exam Syllabus | ANS-C01 exam Objectives


Exam Details

Format : Multiple choice, multiple answer

Type : Specialty

Delivery Method : Testing center or online proctored exam

Time : 170 minutes to complete the exam

Language : Available in English, Japanese, Korean, and Simplified Chinese



The AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty is intended for individuals who perform complex networking tasks.

Abilities Validated by the Certification

Design, develop, and deploy cloud-based solutions using AWS

Implement core AWS services according to basic architecture best practices

Design and maintain network architecture for all AWS services

Leverage tools to automate AWS networking tasks

Recommended Knowledge and Experience

We recommend candidates hold an AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner or a current Associate-level certification: AWS Certified
Solutions Architect - Associate, AWS Certified Developer - Associate or AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate

Advanced knowledge of AWS networking concepts and technologies

Minimum five years hands-on experience architecting and implementing network solutions

Advanced networking architectures and interconnectivity options (e.g., IP VPN, MPLS/VPLS)

Networking technologies within the OSI model, and how they affect implementation decisions

Development of automation scripts and tools

CIDR and sub-netting (IPv4 and IPv6)

IPv6 transition challenges

Generic solutions for network security features, including WAF, IDS, IPS, DDoS protection, and Economic Denial of Service/Sustainability (EDoS)

Prepare for Your Exam

There is no better preparation than hands-on experience. There are many relevant AWS Training courses and other resources to assist you with acquiring additional knowledge and skills to prepare for certification. Please review the exam guide for information about the competencies assessed on the certification exam.



Advanced Networking - Specialty

Design and implement AWS architectures

Review the exam guide, which contains the content outline and target audience for the certification exam. Perform a self-assessment to identify your knowledge or skills gaps.



Introduction

The AWS Certified Advanced Networking – Specialty (ANS-C01) is intended for individuals who perform complex

networking tasks. This examination validates advanced technical skills and experience in designing and

implementing AWS and hybrid IT network architectures at scale.

It validates an examinees ability to:

 Design, develop, and deploy cloud-based solutions using AWS

 Implement core AWS services according to basic architectural best practices

 Design and maintain network architecture for all AWS services

 Leverage tools to automate AWS networking tasks

Recommended AWS Knowledge

 Professional experience using AWS technology

 AWS Security best practices

 AWS storage options and their underlying consistency models

 AWS networking nuances and how they relate to the integration of AWS services

Recommended General IT Knowledge

 Advanced networking architectures and interconnectivity options (e.g., IP VPN, MPLS/VPLS)

 Networking technologies within the OSI model, and how they affect implementation decisions

 Development of automation scripts and tools

o Routing architectures (including static and dynamic)

o Multi-region solutions for a global enterprise

o Highly available connectivity solutions (e.g., DX, VPN)

 CIDR and sub-netting (IPv4 and IPv6)

 IPv6 transition challenges

 Generic solutions for network security features, including WAF, IDS, IPS, DDoS protection, and Economic

Denial of Service/Sustainability (EDoS).

Select one or more responses that best complete the statement or answer the question. Distractors, or incorrect answers, are response options that an examinee with incomplete knowledge or skill would likely choose. However, they are generally plausible responses that fit in the content area defined by the test objective.

Unanswered questions are scored as incorrect; there is no penalty for guessing.

Unscored Content

Your examination may include unscored items that are placed on the test to gather statistical information. These items are not identified on the form and do not affect your score.

Exam Results

The AWS Certified Advanced Networking – Specialty (ANS-C01) is a pass or fail exam. The examination is scored against a minimum standard established by AWS professionals who are guided by certification industry best practices and guidelines.

Your score report contains a table of classifications of your performance at each section level. This information is designed to provide general feedback concerning your examination performance. The examination uses a compensatory scoring model, which means that you do not need to “pass” the individual sections, only the overall examination. Each section of the examination has a specific weighting, so some sections have more questions than others. The table contains general information, highlighting your strengths and weaknesses. Practice caution when interpreting section-level feedback.

Content Outline

This exam guide includes weightings, test domains, and objectives only. It is not a comprehensive listing of the content on this examination. The table below lists the main content domains and their weightings.



Domain % of Exam

Domain 1: Design and implement hybrid IT network architectures at scale 23%

Domain 2: Design and implement AWS networks 29%

Domain 3: Automate AWS tasks 8%

Domain 4: Configure network integration with application services 15%

Domain 5: Design and implement for security and compliance 12%

Domain 6: Manage, optimize, and troubleshoot the network 13%

TOTAL 100%



Domain 1: Design and implement hybrid IT network architectures at scale

1.1 Implement connectivity for hybrid IT

1.2 Given a scenario, derive an appropriate hybrid IT architecture connectivity solution

1.3 Explain the process to extend connectivity using AWS Direct Connect

1.4 Evaluate design alternatives that leverage AWS Direct Connect

1.5 Define routing policies for hybrid IT architectures

Domain 2.0: Design and implement AWS networks

2.1 Apply AWS networking concepts

2.2 Given customer requirements, define network architectures on AWS

2.3 Propose optimized designs based on the evaluation of an existing implementation

2.4 Determine network requirements for a specialized workload

2.5 Derive an appropriate architecture based on customer and application requirements

2.6 Evaluate and optimize cost allocations given a network design and application data flow

Domain 3.0: Automate AWS tasks

3.1 Evaluate automation alternatives within AWS for network deployments

3.2 Evaluate tool-based alternatives within AWS for network operations and management

Domain 4.0: Configure network integration with application services

4.1 Leverage the capabilities of Route 53

4.2 Evaluate DNS solutions in a hybrid IT architecture

4.3 Determine the appropriate configuration of DHCP within AWS

4.4 Given a scenario, determine an appropriate load balancing strategy within the AWS ecosystem

4.5 Determine a content distribution strategy to optimize for performance

4.6 Reconcile AWS service requirements with network requirements

Domain 5.0: Design and implement for security and compliance

5.1 Evaluate design requirements for alignment with security and compliance objectives

5.2 Evaluate monitoring strategies in support of security and compliance objectives

5.3 Evaluate AWS security features for managing network traffic

5.4 Utilize encryption technologies to secure network communications

Domain 6.0: Manage, optimize, and troubleshoot the network

6.1 Given a scenario, troubleshoot and resolve a network issue



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug