Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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16 Funny Trivia Dumps That You Won't Believe Are RealNo result found, try new keyword!So they found some of the funniest, silliest, most baffling trivia Dumps for your next game night. Some answers are so wild, you won't believe that they're real. — but trust us ...Digital replica — Frequently asked questionsDownload Their App App Features Videos App User Settings Benefits of the Digital Edition Subscriber Testimonials Digital FAQThe Arkansas Democrat-Gazette has a digital replica edition that presents the news in an exact newspaper format on an electronic device. In most areas of the state, subscribers are already memorizing the newspaper on iPads supplied by the Democrat-Gazette. Monday to Saturday print delivery has been suspended, while Sunday delivery has continued in some areas. These FAQs answer questions readers are asking about the digital replica/iPad program. Q: Do I have to wait to get a letter to make the switch to the digital replica edition? A: All seven-day-a-week subscribers already have access to a digital replica via their application for Apple iPad and phones HERE and for Android devices here HERE. You can also view on your laptop or desktop by clicking on the "Today's Paper" link on arkansasonline.com. To access the edition, you simply must establish an online account by creating a username and password here HERE. If you do not have a tablet of your own, as the program comes to your area you may wish to have an iPad provided by the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Q Has the Northwest Arkansas-Democrat Gazette made the conversion to iPad/Sunday-only delivery? A: Yes. Q When can I get my iPad? A: All seven-day-a-week subscribers may get one by calling (501)-378-3847. They are finding about 15% do not want an iPad, mostly because they already have one, or some like memorizing it on a computer or even their phone. Q: How many iPads per subscription? A: One. Subscribers will receive one iPad per paid subscription. However, subscribers may also access the replica paper using their own tablet, smartphone or computer. Q Can I still do the puzzles? A: Yes. There are interactive versions of the puzzles on the replica, plus there are additional puzzles that are only available on the replica. Q What if I already have an iPad? A: Subscribers can get the replica app on most personal devices. Q Why is the rate the same if I’m not receiving a printed edition? A: To ensure that they continue to produce a high-quality newspaper 7 days a week, the subscription rate is necessary to sustain their business. Q What if I don’t know how to work an iPad? A: Specially trained representatives of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette will meet one-on-one with subscribers at a meeting space, or at home if necessary, to show the subscriber how to use the device. Digital certified are also available to assist or answer questions at (501)-378-3847. Q What time is the online edition available? 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A: The red circle with the number in the center indicates an edition of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette has been downloaded to your app and is ready for you to read. The red circle will remain until you open and read the edition. Q What are the little play button and mountain graphics on photos and in stories? A: The play button and mountain graphics are links to videos and photo galleries related to each story and that play in the app. Q Where can I find out more about the app? A: Learn more about their new app and many of its new features HERE. Digital replica — Frequently asked questionsTablet Help Benefits of the Digital Edition Subscriber TestimonialsThe Northwest Democrat-Gazette has converted daily print subscribers to digital-only delivery except for Sunday. This means delivery of a physical newspaper has ceased with the exception of the Sunday edition. Subscribers will receive the newspaper seven days a week through a digital replica edition, which is available through a mobile app or web browser. For subscribers who don’t have a mobile device, the Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette has a program to provide one so that they can continue memorizing the daily newspaper. These FAQs answer questions readers are asking about the switch to the new digital replica/iPad program. Q: Do I have to wait to get a letter to make the switch to the digital replica edition? A: All seven-day-a-week subscribers already have access to a digital replica via their application for Apple iPad and phones HERE and for Android devices here HERE. You can also view on your laptop or desktop by clicking on the "Today's Paper" link on nwaonline.com. To access the edition, you simply must establish an online account by creating a username and password here HERE. If you do not have a tablet of your own, you may wish to have an iPad provided by the Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. You may call (479)-571-6402 to schedule an appointment or wait until you receive a letter from the publisher and a follow up phone call about the details of arranging pick up/delivery, setup and orientation. Q: Is the Northwest Arkansas-Democrat Gazette making the conversion to iPad/Sunday-only delivery? A: Yes. They have completed the transition in the 12-county coverage area. Q: When can I get my iPad? A: All subscribers are offered one. You may call (479)-571-6402 to schedule an appointment. If you have your own tablet, you can get the app and begin reading. You can call (479)-571-6402 for more information. Q: How many iPads per subscription? A: One. Subscribers will receive one iPad per paid subscription. However, subscribers may also access the replica paper using their own tablet, smartphone or computer. Each subscriber can access the NWADG on five devices per household. Q: Can I still do the puzzles? A: Yes. There are interactive versions of the puzzles on the replica, plus there are additional puzzles that are only available on the replica. Q: What if I already have an iPad? A: Subscribers can get the replica app on most personal devices. Q: When will my daily print delivery end? A: Daily print delivery has eneded. Q: Does this impact the weekly newspaper you publish for my community? A: They plan to continue printing the weekly newspapers. Q: Why is the rate increasing if I’m not receiving a printed edition? A: To ensure that they continue to produce a high-quality newspaper seven days a week, the subscription rate is necessary to sustain their business. Q: What if I don’t know how to work an iPad? A:Specially trained representatives of the Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette will meet one-on-one with subscribers at a meeting space, or at home if necessary, to show the subscriber how to use the device. Digital certified are also available to assist or answer questions at (479)-571-6402. Q: What time is the online edition available? A: Normally by 4 a.m. Q: Will the yellow racks and convenience stores in the area still be serviced? A: They will only Sunday papers inside retail outlets. Q: Can I have the print edition sent to me in the mail? A: No. Q: What if I have don't have internet access, or Wi-Fi? A: You may contact an Internet service provider to add Wi-Fi to your home. You may also set up wifi hotspot service with a cellular provider. Q: What about damages to the iPad? Who should I contact? Will the device be replaced? A: They will provide a protective case to help keep the equipment safe from physical damage. They will not be responsible for physical damage sustained to the equipment. Contact us at (479)-571-6402 for troubleshooting or for manufacturer’s defects. Q: My app icon on the desktop of my tablet/phone has a red circle with a check mark inside. What does that mean? A: The red circle with the check mark in the center indicates an edition of the Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette has been downloaded to your app and is ready for you to read. The red circle will remain until you open and read the edition. Q: Where can I find out more about the app? A: Learn more about their new app and many of it's new features HERE. If you have any questions or need help, please contact us at 479-571-6402 or you can email us at [email protected] |
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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug