Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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COHESITY COH-284 : Cohesity Certified Protection Professional NetBackup (COH284) test Questions, MCQs and Practice Test

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Exam Number : COH-284
Exam Name : Cohesity Certified Protection Professional NetBackup (COH284)
Vendor Name : COHESITY
Update : Click Here to Check Latest Update
Total MCQs : Check Questions

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COH-284 test Format | COH-284 Course Contents | COH-284 Course Outline | COH-284 test Syllabus | COH-284 test Objectives


Exam Name: Cohesity Certified Protection Professional – NetBackup
Number of Questions: 75 - 85
Exam Duration: 105 minutes
Passing Score: 65%
Languages: English
Retake Policy: The test can be attempted once every 14 days.

- Describe how to configure various primary/media/client settings and host properties- including Security Certificates.
- Describe how to configure disk storage- cloud storage and storage unit groups.
- Describe how to configure and utilize backup policies and protection plans.
- Explain how to implement specialized backup solutions including synthetic backups- True Image Restore (TIR)- multiple data streams- checkpoint restart- and the use of backup duplication solutions such as disk staging- Storage Lifecycle Policies- Auto Image Replication- Isolated Recovery Environment (IRE)- and NetBackup Accelerator.
- Describe the function- uses- configuration- and administration of the NetBackup deduplication options- such as media server deduplication- client-side deduplication- optimized duplication- KMS Options- MSDP Cloud storage- WORM storage- Universal Shares- Snapshot Manager- and storage servers.
- Describe how to perform catalog backup configuration tasks.
- Describe image management concepts and how to use the NetBackup administration console to verify- expire- import- and manually duplicate backup images.
- Describe how to manage NetBackup disk and cloud storage.
- Interpret available reports to verify and monitor NetBackup.
- Describe how and when to prioritize- cancel- suspend- resume- restart- retry or manually run backup and duplication jobs.
- Describe how to initiate- prioritize- and monitor NetBackup restore tasks.
- Describe how to manage NetBackup Security (e.g.- RBAC- host ID certificates).
- Describe how to install updates (e.g.- VxUpdate).
- Describe how to configure- manage and use Anomaly Detection and Malware Detection
- Analyze- optimize- and tune NetBackup
- Interpret status codes and job details in order to diagnose and troubleshoot failed jobs.
- Troubleshoot devices and media- including connectivity between primary- media- and client servers.
- Troubleshoot common issues related to NetBackup disaster recovery including recovering the NetBackup catalog.

- Demonstrate the ability to install and configure NetBackup in on-premises- cloud- and hybrid environments.
- Initial setup and deployment of NetBackup software and NetBackup Appliances.
- Configuring NetBackup for integration with Cohesity Data Cloud.
- Setting up NetBackup for hybrid cloud environments- including AWS- Azure- and Google Cloud Platform.
- Configuring storage targets- including deduplication pools and cloud storage (e.g.- Amazon S3 Glacier- Azure Archive).
- Implementing NetBackup Powered Appliances for hardened- multi-layer security.
- NetBackup Powered Appliances
- Storage Lifecycle Policies (SLP)
- Deduplication pools
- Cloud tiering
- Hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI)

- Show proficiency in managing and administering NetBackup environments to ensure data protection and availability.
- Managing backup policies and schedules for on-premises and cloud workloads.
- Administering NetBackup for Kubernetes workloads- including application-consistent backups.
- Monitoring and optimizing backup and recovery operations for performance and compliance.
- Using NetBackups unified platform for data management across hybrid and multicloud environments.
- Configuring global deduplication and image replication for efficient storage use.
- Backup policies
- Global deduplication
- Image replication
- Application-consistent backups
- Service Level Agreements (SLAs)

- Understand how to protect and recover data using NetBackups features to ensure business continuity.
- Configuring backup and recovery for mission-critical workloads (e.g.- VMware- Hyper-V- SQL Server- Oracle).
- Implementing disaster recovery (DR) strategies- including replication and recovery from cloud archive tiers.
- Using NetBackup for rapid recovery of Kubernetes clusters and cloud-native applications.
- Ensuring data integrity with storage-agnostic immutability features.
- Performing non-disruptive recovery rehearsals to validate SLAs.
- Disaster recovery (DR)
- Immutability
- Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
- Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
- Cloud archive tiers (e.g.- Amazon S3 Glacier- Azure Archive)

- Demonstrate knowledge of NetBackups security features to protect against cyber threats like ransomware.
- Configuring quantum-proof encryption to protect data in transit and at rest.
- Implementing adaptive multi-factor authentication (MFA) and multi-person authentication (MPA) for secure access.
- Using the Adaptive Risk Engine 2.0 to monitor user behavior and detect high-risk actions.
- Leveraging the Security Risk Meter 2.0 to assess and mitigate security risks.
- Protecting against ransomware with immutable backups and cyber vaulting (e.g.- Cohesity Alta Recovery Vault).
- Quantum-proof encryption
- Adaptive Risk Engine
- Security Risk Meter
- Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
- Multi-person authentication (MPA)
- Cyber vaulting
- Ransomware protection

- Perform basic troubleshooting to resolve common issues in NetBackup deployments.
- Diagnosing and resolving backup failures and performance bottlenecks.
- Troubleshooting connectivity issues in hybrid and multicloud environments.
- Analyzing logs and reports to identify and remediate issues.
- Addressing common configuration errors in NetBackup Appliances.
- Triaging and escalating complex technical issues in customer environments.
- Log analysis
- Performance bottlenecks
- Error codes
- Troubleshooting workflows
- Technical escalation

- Manage and optimize NetBackup for cloud-based workloads and PaaS environments.
- Protecting PaaS workloads like Amazon RDS- Azure Cosmos DB- Yugabyte- Amazon DocumentDB- and Amazon Neptune.
- Configuring image replication and disaster recovery for cloud archive tiers.
- Optimizing backup windows and storage efficiency in cloud environments.
- Supporting cross-platform recovery for Kubernetes and cloud-native applications.
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Cloud-native workloads
- Cross-platform recovery
- Backup window optimization
- Cloud archive tiers

- Use NetBackups reporting tools to monitor compliance and meet enterprise SLAs.
- Generating audit reports to ensure compliance with SLAs.
- Monitoring data protection operations and storage usage.
- Using analytics to identify high-risk user behaviors and configurations.
- Ensuring compliance with industry standards (e.g.- FedRAMP- Sheltered Harbor).
- Audit reports
- Compliance monitoring
- FedRAMP Moderate Authorization
- Sheltered Harbor endorsement
- Data governance



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug