Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
Wo erhalte ich vollständige Informationen über CTAL-TM-UK?
Nachfolgend finden Sie alle Details zu Übungstests, Dumps und aktuellen Fragen der CTAL-TM-UK: ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Prüfung.
2025 Updated Actual CTAL-TM-UK questions as experienced in Test Center
Aktuelle CTAL-TM-UK Fragen aus echten Tests von Killexams.com - easy finanz | easyfinanz
iSQI CTAL-TM-UK : ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Practice TestsPractice Tests Organized by Lee |
Latest 2025 Updated iSQI ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Syllabus
CTAL-TM-UK examcollection with Premium PDF and Test Engine
Practice Tests and Free VCE Software - Questions Updated on Daily Basis
Big Discount / Cheapest price & 100% Pass Guarantee
CTAL-TM-UK examcollection : Download 100% Free CTAL-TM-UK practice tests (PDF and VCE)
Exam Number : CTAL-TM-UK
Exam Name : ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK)
Vendor Name : iSQI
Update : Click Here to Check Latest Update
Question Bank : Check Questions
Taken and up to date today CTAL-TM-UK Exam Questions
If you want to successfully pass the iSQI CTAL-TM-UK exam, killexams.com has ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Exam Questions that will ensure you pass the CTAL-TM-UK test on your first attempt. Killexams.com provides you with valid, up-to-date, and 2025 up-to-date CTAL-TM-UK Questions and Answers and Latest Topics with a full money-back guarantee.
Passing the ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test can be made easy if you have a clear understanding of the CTAL-TM-UK syllabus and practice with the updated 2025 question bank. It is recommended to read and practice dump questions for better and quick success. It is essential to identify and understand the tricky questions asked in the actual CTAL-TM-UK exam, and for that, you can visit killexams.com and obtain free CTAL-TM-UK Latest Topics test questions to study. If you are confident in retaining those CTAL-TM-UK questions, you can enroll to obtain the Mock Questions of CTAL-TM-UK Study Guides, which will be your first step towards extraordinary advancement.
You can then obtain and install the VCE test system on your PC, read and memorize CTAL-TM-UK Study Guides, and take practice tests with VCE test system as frequently as possible. Once you feel that you have retained all the questions in the ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) question bank, you can enroll for the actual test at a test center.
Killexams.com provides the latest, valid, and up-to-date iSQI CTAL-TM-UK Study Guides that are the best to pass the ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test and Strengthen your position as an expert in your organization. They have a reputation for helping people pass the CTAL-TM-UK test on their first attempt. Their TestPrep has remained at the top for the past four years, and their CTAL-TM-UK Study Guides and VCE are trusted by customers for their genuine CTAL-TM-UK test. Killexams.com is the best source for genuine CTAL-TM-UK test questions, and they continually keep their CTAL-TM-UK Study Guides valid and up-to-date.
CTAL-TM-UK test Format | CTAL-TM-UK Course Contents | CTAL-TM-UK Course Outline | CTAL-TM-UK test Syllabus | CTAL-TM-UK test Objectives
Exam: CTAL-TM-UK ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK)
Exam Details:
- Number of Questions: The test typically consists of multiple-choice and scenario-based questions.
- Time: Candidates are usually given a specific time duration to complete the exam.
Course Outline:
The CTAL-TM-UK certification is designed for test managers who are responsible for planning, monitoring, and controlling the testing process. The course provides in-depth knowledge and skills required to effectively manage testing activities. The course outline includes the following topics:
1. Test Management Principles and Concepts
- Understanding the fundamentals of test management
- Test process management and improvement
- Test management documentation and deliverables
2. Test Strategy and Planning
- Developing a test strategy
- Test planning and estimation
- Test schedule and resource management
3. Test Monitoring and Control
- Test progress monitoring and reporting
- Test control activities and techniques
- Test measurement and metrics
4. Test Analysis and Design
- Requirements analysis and test design techniques
- Test data management and test environment setup
- Test design for different types of testing (e.g., functional, non-functional, regression)
5. Test Implementation and Execution
- Test implementation and execution techniques
- Defect management and tracking
- Test automation and tool support
6. Risk-based Testing and Incident Management
- Risk-based testing approach and strategies
- Incident management process and techniques
- Defect prevention and root cause analysis
Exam Objectives:
The CTAL-TM-UK test aims to assess candidates' knowledge and skills in test management. The test objectives include:
1. Understanding the principles and concepts of test management and their application in real-world scenarios.
2. Developing effective test strategies and plans based on project requirements and constraints.
3. Monitoring and controlling the testing process to ensure timely and quality delivery of test activities.
4. Applying test analysis and design techniques to create comprehensive and efficient test cases and test data.
5. Implementing and executing tests using appropriate techniques and tools, while effectively managing defects.
6. Applying risk-based testing principles to prioritize testing efforts and manage project risks.
7. Understanding incident management processes and techniques for effective defect resolution and prevention.
Exam Syllabus:
The test syllabus covers the following topics:
- Test Management Principles and Concepts
- Test Strategy and Planning
- Test Monitoring and Control
- Test Analysis and Design
- Test Implementation and Execution
- Risk-based Testing and Incident Management
Candidates are expected to have a deep understanding of these Topics and demonstrate their ability to apply test management principles and techniques in real-world scenarios. The test assesses their knowledge, critical thinking skills, and ability to make informed decisions as test managers.
Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Feedback
I got CTAL-TM-UK certified in just two days of training.
I had tried the CTAL-TM-UK test previously but failed, as I found the subjects difficult. However, everything changed when I found the questions and answer test guide by killexams.com. It is the best guide I have ever purchased for my test preparation. The way it dealt with the CTAL-TM-UK material was notable, and even a slow learner like me could manage it. I passed with 89% marks and felt above the world. Thanks, Killexams!.
Get CTAL-TM-UK certified with actual study questions.
I am delighted to have used killexams.com's instruction kit to pass the CTAL-TM-UK test and become certified. Their coaching device is clear and dependable, and I am grateful for the actual questions within the package. As a busy IT professional, I could not afford to study full-time for weeks or months, and killexams.com allowed me to streamline my preparation time and still achieve incredible results. It is a remarkable solution for IT professionals looking to pass the CTAL-TM-UK exam.
No need to waste time on the internet! I found the best source for the latest CTAL-TM-UK questions.
Based on recommendations from friends, I used killexams.com for my CTAL-TM-UK test preparation and found their study guides to be very convenient and well-organized. The order of the questions helped me memorize the material better, and I passed with a score of 89%.
Get comprehensive information to prepare for the CTAL-TM-UK exam.
I have come across some IT test prep in the past, but killexams.com is the best by far. Even though my CTAL-TM-UK test is in a few days, I feel confident and reassured because of the positive reviews on this site. The test simulator is beneficial, as it is easy to understand the questions and answers. By practicing them over and over, I have a better understanding of the concepts. So far, my experience with Killexams has been superb!
I was surprised to see real CTAL-TM-UK test questions!
Word of mouth is a powerful way of advertising a product. In my experience, killexams is the best in CTAL-TM-UK testprep, so why not do a little effective exposure for them?
iSQI Test test Questions
CTAL-TM-UK Exam
User: Abdallah***** Killexams.com is the best CTAL-TM-UK resource on the internet, and Its one that I trust. What they provided me is more valuable than money; they educated me. When I was studying for my CTAL-TM-UK exam, I made an account on their website, and what I received in return worked like magic for me. I was surprised at how amazing it felt, and passing the CTAL-TM-UK test was a single step for me towards success. |
User: Shasha***** The accurate examcollection provided by Killexams.com was very helpful, and it allowed me to pass the CTAL-TM-UK test in my first attempt with a score of 78.75%. Although my score was initially 90%, I was marked down due to a mistake. Nevertheless, I am grateful to the Killexams.com team and hope they achieve all the success. |
User: Venera***** Thanks to killexams.com, I was able to achieve a 96% score in my CTAL-TM-UK certification exam. A year ago, a friend recommended this website to me, and after using their CTAL-TM-UK test engine, I scored a high grade of 91%. Since then, I have complete faith in this website and will be using it for future certifications. |
User: Taina***** Killexams.com has excellent products for college students who are interested in the CTAL-TM-UK certification training. I made a great decision to choose Killexams.com as the CTAL-TM-UK test engine has outstanding test content that is easy to comprehend in a brief time frame. I am grateful to the brilliant crew who helped me in my career development, guiding me to answer all vital questions and get the highest scores. It was a top-notch decision that made me a fan of Killexams, and I have decided to come back again. |
User: Nelya***** I was recommended to use Killexams.com practice tests as a quick reference for my ctal-tm-uk exam, and they did not disappoint. The concise answers were easy to comprehend, and I was able to score 80% on 98% of the questions. The ctal-tm-uk test was challenging for me, and I did not have a lot of time to prepare, but Killexams.com made the process easier. |
CTAL-TM-UK Exam
Question: How can I check if there is any update? Answer: Killexams team will inform you by email when the test in your obtain section will be updated. If there is no change in the questions and answers, you do not need to obtain again and again the same document. |
Question: Is there [EC[ course outline or syllabus information available? Answer: Killexams.com provides complete information about CTAL-TM-UK course outline, CTAL-TM-UK test syllabus, and test objectives. All the information about several questions in the actual CTAL-TM-UK test is provided on the test page at the killexams website. You can also see CTAL-TM-UK Topics information from the website. You can also see CTAL-TM-UK demo practice test and go through the questions. You can also register to obtain the complete CTAL-TM-UK question bank. |
Question: Where am I able to locate Free CTAL-TM-UK actual questions and questions? Answer: When you visit the killexams CTAL-TM-UK test page, you will be able to obtain CTAL-TM-UK free questions questions. You can also go to https://killexams.com/demo-download/CTAL-TM-UK.pdf to obtain CTAL-TM-UK demo questions. After review visit and register to obtain the complete examcollection of CTAL-TM-UK test test prep. These CTAL-TM-UK test questions are taken from actual test sources, that's why these CTAL-TM-UK test questions are sufficient to read and pass the exam. Although you can use other sources also for improvement of knowledge like textbooks and other aid material these CTAL-TM-UK questions are enough to pass the exam. |
Question: Is there new CTAL-TM-UK test contents available in PDF? Answer: Yes, Killexams.com provides CTAL-TM-UK examcollection of new test contents and syllabus. You need the latest CTAL-TM-UK questions of the new syllabus to pass the CTAL-TM-UK exam. These latest CTAL-TM-UK test prep are taken from real CTAL-TM-UK test question bank, that's why these CTAL-TM-UK test questions are sufficient to read and pass the exam. Although you can use other sources also for improvement of knowledge like textbooks and other aid material these CTAL-TM-UK questions are sufficient to pass the exam. |
Question: Do you recommend me to use this great source of real test questions? Answer: Of course, Killexams highly recommend these CTAL-TM-UK real test questions to memorize before you go for the actual test because this CTAL-TM-UK examcollection contains an up-to-date and 100% valid CTAL-TM-UK examcollection with a new syllabus. |
https://www.pass4surez.com/art/read.php?keyword=iSQI+Test+Exam+Questions&lang=us&links=remove
Whilst it is very hard task to choose reliable test mock test resources regarding review, reputation and validity because people get ripoff due to choosing incorrect service. Killexams make it sure to provide its clients far better to their resources with respect to ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS update and validity. Most of other peoples ripoff report complaint clients come to us for the brain dumps and pass their exams enjoyably and easily. They never compromise on their review, reputation and quality because killexams review, killexams reputation and killexams client self confidence is important to all of us. Specially they manage killexams.com review, killexams.com reputation, killexams.com ripoff report complaint, killexams.com trust, killexams.com validity, killexams.com report and killexams scam. If perhaps you see any bogus report posted by their competitor with the name killexams ripoff report complaint internet, killexams.com ripoff report, killexams.com scam, killexams.com complaint or something like this, just keep in mind that there are always bad people damaging reputation of good services due to their benefits. There are a large number of satisfied customers that pass their exams using killexams.com brain dumps, killexams PDF questions, killexams practice questions, killexams test simulator. Visit their test questions and demo brain dumps, their test simulator and you will definitely know that killexams.com is the best brain dumps site.
Which is the best practice tests website?
Of course, Killexams is hundred percent legit along with fully reputable. There are several includes that makes killexams.com reliable and respectable. It provides recent and hundred percent valid test questions containing real exams questions and answers. Price is really low as compared to the vast majority of services on internet. The mock test are up graded on standard basis together with most recent questions. Killexams account method and solution delivery is quite fast. Submit downloading can be unlimited and fast. Support is avaiable via Livechat and E-mail. These are the characteristics that makes killexams.com a strong website that supply test prep with real exams questions.
Is killexams.com test material dependable?
There are several mock test provider in the market claiming that they provide actual test Questions, Braindumps, Practice Tests, Study Guides, cheat sheet and many other names, but most of them are re-sellers that do not update their contents frequently. Killexams.com is best website of Year 2025 that understands the issue candidates face when they spend their time studying obsolete contents taken from free pdf obtain sites or reseller sites. Thats why killexams.com update test mock test with the same frequency as they are updated in Real Test. test questions provided by killexams.com are Reliable, Up-to-date and validated by Certified Professionals. They maintain examcollection of valid Questions that is kept up-to-date by checking update on daily basis.
If you want to Pass your test Fast with improvement in your knowledge about latest course contents and Topics of new syllabus, They recommend to obtain PDF test Questions from killexams.com and get ready for actual exam. When you feel that you should register for Premium Version, Just choose visit killexams.com and register, you will receive your Username/Password in your Email within 5 to 10 minutes. All the future updates and changes in mock test will be provided in your obtain Account. You can obtain Premium practice test files as many times as you want, There is no limit.
Killexams.com has provided VCE practice test Software to Practice your test by Taking Test Frequently. It asks the Real test Questions and Marks Your Progress. You can take test as many times as you want. There is no limit. It will make your test prep very fast and effective. When you start getting 100% Marks with complete Pool of Questions, you will be ready to take actual Test. Go register for Test in Test Center and Enjoy your Success.
BONENT-CHN test cram | MCIA-Level-1 training material | 4A0-115 english test questions | HH0-210 PDF Questions | 050-894 free pdf obtain | SC-900 test preparation | NBSTSA-CST Free test PDF | RNAS-C test prep questions | Scrum-PSM-II free pdf | H12-721 practice test | PCSAE test questions | NCC obtain | DMDI301 mock test | ACMP mock questions | 050-710 model question | ASDEV01 assessment test demo | C1000-056 practice test | HPE0-J58 free questions | TCP-BW6 pass marks | AANP-AGNP study help |
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Premium PDF
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test Questions
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) answers
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Test Prep
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test prep
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Premium PDF
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) PDF questions
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) study tips
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test Questions
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) information source
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) PDF Download
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) book
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) syllabus
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test help
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test Cram
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Real test Questions
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) boot camp
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Latest Topics
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test prep
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) PDF download
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) certification
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) answers
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test syllabus
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) testprep
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) guide
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) study help
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Free test PDF
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test questions
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) PDF download
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) learn
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) study help
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test Questions
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test help
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) PDF Download
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) information search
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) PDF Questions
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) PDF Download
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test Questions
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) test cram
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) Study Guide
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) guide
CTAL-TM-UK - ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager (CTAL-TM_UK) education
Other iSQI Practice Tests
CTFL-AT practice questions | CTAL-TA free questions | CPUX-F PDF Download | CTAL-TTA-001 free questions | CTAL-TM-UK test example | CTFL-AuT PDF Download | IREB-CPRE prep questions | CTFL-V4-Foundation pdf questions | A4Q-CSeT-F questions answers | CTAL-TM-001 test prep | CTFL-PT test papers | IREB practice test |
Best practice tests You Ever Experienced
78201X test questions | 4A0-108 PDF Download | PNCB-CPN free practice test | NS0-163 test answers | NCIDQ-CID mock questions | SPLK-2002 assessment test sample | CISMP-V9 online exam | CDMP model question | NRA-FPM practice exam | 156-315.81 online exam | 1V0-41.20 pdf exam | 920-270 free prep | 200-710 training material | 1Y0-204 pdf study guide | Servicenow-CIS-VR free questions | EX0-115 mock questions | QSDA2022 test questions | CIMAPRA17-BA3-1-ENG download | Florida-Property-and-Casualty VCE | MOVF past exams |
References :
https://www.coursehero.com/file/67655256/ISTQB-Certified-Tester-Advanced-Level-Test-Manager-CTAL-TMUK-CTAL-TM-UKpdf/
https://arfansaleemfan.blogspot.com/2020/09/ctal-tm-uk-istqb-certified-tester.html
https://files.fm/f/kqgu7m5r
https://sites.google.com/view/killexams-ctal-tm-uk-brain
https://www.instapaper.com/read/1398807458
http://feeds.feedburner.com/SimplyRetainTheseCtal-tm-ukQuestionsBeforeYouGoForTest
Similar Websites :
Pass4sure Certification test Practice Tests
Pass4Sure Certification Question Bank
CTAL-TM-UK Reviews by Customers
Customer Reviews help to evaluate the exam performance in real test. Here all the reviews, reputation, success stories and ripoff reports provided.
100% Valid and Up to Date CTAL-TM-UK Exam Questions
We hereby announce with the collaboration of world's leader in Certification Exam Dumps and Real Exam Questions with Practice Tests that, we offer Real Exam Questions of thousands of Certification Exams Free PDF with up to date VCE exam simulator Software.
Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug