Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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ANCC CV-BC : Cardiac Vascular Nursing Certification exam Questions, MCQs and Practice Test

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Exam Number : CV-BC
Exam Name : Cardiac Vascular Nursing Certification
Vendor Name : ANCC
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CV-BC exam Format | CV-BC Course Contents | CV-BC Course Outline | CV-BC exam Syllabus | CV-BC exam Objectives


The ANCC (CV-BC) Cardiac Vascular Nursing Certification is a prestigious credential offered by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). This certification is designed to validate the specialized knowledge and expertise of registered nurses in the field of cardiac and vascular nursing. Obtaining this certification demonstrates a nurse's commitment to excellence and enhances their professional growth opportunities.

Number of Questions: The exam consists of approximately 175 multiple-choice questions. These questions are designed to assess various domains related to cardiac and vascular nursing.

Time Allowed: Candidates are allotted a total of 3.5 hours (210 minutes) to complete the exam. This time includes reviewing instructions, answering questions, and reviewing flagged or unanswered questions.

Passing Score: The passing score for the ANCC (CV-BC) exam is determined through a standardized process known as criterion-referenced testing. The passing score may vary slightly from one exam administration to another. It is important to note that the ANCC does not disclose the exact passing score.

Content Domains: The exam covers various content domains that are essential for cardiac and vascular nursing practice. These domains may include, but are not limited to, cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, exam and diagnosis, treatment and management, patient education and health promotion, and professional practice.

Exam Administration: The ANCC (CV-BC) exam is computer-based and administered at Pearson VUE testing centers. Candidates can schedule their exam at a convenient location and time within the designated testing windows.

Preparation Resources: The ANCC provides candidates with a comprehensive exam content outline that outlines the domains and syllabus covered in the exam. Candidates are encouraged to review this outline to guide their study efforts. Additionally, there are various study resources available, including textbooks, online courses, practice exams, and review materials specifically tailored for cardiac and vascular nursing.

Retake Policy: If a candidate does not pass the ANCC (CV-BC) exam, they are allowed to retake the exam after a waiting period of 60 days. Candidates can retake the exam up to three times within a 12-month period if necessary.

Maintaining Certification: Once a nurse successfully passes the ANCC (CV-BC) exam and obtains the certification, they must fulfill the ANCC's renewal requirements to maintain their certification. These requirements typically include a specified number of continuing education hours, professional development activities, and a renewal fee.

It is important for candidates to carefully review the ANCC's official website for the most up-to-date and accurate information regarding the exam, including registration procedures, fees, and any changes to the content or administration of the exam.

Exam Objectives:
The ANCC (CV-BC) certification exam focuses on assessing a nurse's proficiency in various domains related to cardiac and vascular nursing. The exam objectives may include, but are not limited to, the following:

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology: Knowledge of the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and cardiac conduction system.

Assessment and Diagnosis: Competence in performing comprehensive cardiovascular exams, interpreting diagnostic tests, and formulating accurate nursing diagnoses.

Treatment and Management: Understanding the principles of cardiac and vascular disease management, including pharmacological interventions, invasive procedures, and patient education.

Patient Education and Health Promotion: Ability to educate patients and their families about cardiovascular health, lifestyle modifications, risk factor management, and preventive measures.

Professional Practice: Knowledge of ethical and legal standards, evidence-based practice, interdisciplinary collaboration, and quality improvement initiatives in cardiac and vascular nursing.

Exam Tips:
Preparing for the ANCC (CV-BC) certification exam requires a strategic approach. Here are some valuable tips to help you succeed:

Review the exam Content Outline: Familiarize yourself with the ANCC (CV-BC) exam content outline, which provides a detailed breakdown of the syllabus and percentage weight assigned to each domain. This will help you prioritize your study efforts accordingly.

Use Reliable Study Resources: Utilize reputable study materials, such as textbooks, killexams practice questions, and killexams online test engine specifically tailored for cardiac and vascular nursing. These resources will help you reinforce your knowledge and identify areas that require further attention. Authentic resources are;

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Read Questions Carefully: During the exam, read each question carefully and ensure you understand what is being asked. Pay attention to details, keywords, and any specific patient scenarios mentioned in the question stem.

Time Management: You should take timed test with test engine. This will speed up your reading and understanding skills and you will be able to answer all the questions timely and pass your exam with high marks.

The ANCC (CV-BC) Cardiac Vascular Nursing Certification is a valuable credential that recognizes the expertise and dedication of nurses in the field of cardiac and vascular nursing. By understanding the exam objectives, reading killexams PDF questions, practicing exam with test engine will ensure your success in the test center.



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug