Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : DES-DD33
Exam Name : Specialist - Systems Administrator PowerProtect DD
Vendor Name : DELL-EMC
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DES-DD33 test Format | DES-DD33 Course Contents | DES-DD33 Course Outline | DES-DD33 test Syllabus | DES-DD33 test Objectives


Exam Specification: DES-DD33 Specialist - Systems Administrator PowerProtect DD

Exam Name: DES-DD33 Specialist - Systems Administrator PowerProtect DD
Exam Code: DES-DD33
Exam Duration: 90 minutes
Passing Score: 70%
Exam Format: Multiple-choice
Exam Delivery: Proctored online or at a testing center

Course Outline:

1. Introduction to PowerProtect DD
- Overview of PowerProtect DD data protection solutions
- Understanding the benefits and features of PowerProtect DD
- Exploring the architecture and components of PowerProtect DD

2. PowerProtect DD Installation and Configuration
- Preparing for PowerProtect DD installation
- Installing PowerProtect DD hardware and software components
- Configuring initial settings and network connectivity

3. PowerProtect DD System Administration
- Managing PowerProtect DD users and access control
- Monitoring system performance and health
- Performing system maintenance tasks and upgrades

4. PowerProtect DD Backup and Restore Operations
- Configuring backup policies and schedules
- Initiating backup and restore operations
- Managing backups, replication, and deduplication

5. PowerProtect DD Troubleshooting and Maintenance
- Identifying and resolving common issues in PowerProtect DD
- Performing troubleshooting and diagnostics
- Performing routine maintenance tasks and optimizations

Exam Objectives:

1. Understand the concepts, benefits, and features of PowerProtect DD.
2. Install and configure PowerProtect DD hardware and software components.
3. Manage PowerProtect DD users, access control, and system administration.
4. Monitor system performance, health, and perform maintenance tasks.
5. Configure and manage backup policies, schedules, and operations.
6. Troubleshoot common issues and perform diagnostics in PowerProtect DD.
7. Perform routine maintenance tasks and optimizations in PowerProtect DD.

Exam Syllabus:

Section 1: Introduction to PowerProtect DD (10%)
- PowerProtect DD data protection solutions overview
- Benefits and features of PowerProtect DD
- Architecture and components of PowerProtect DD

Section 2: PowerProtect DD Installation and Configuration (20%)
- Preparing for PowerProtect DD installation
- Installing PowerProtect DD hardware and software components
- Initial settings configuration and network connectivity

Section 3: PowerProtect DD System Administration (20%)
- Managing PowerProtect DD users and access control
- System performance monitoring and health checks
- System maintenance tasks and upgrades

Section 4: PowerProtect DD Backup and Restore Operations (30%)
- Backup policies and schedules configuration
- Initiating backup and restore operations
- Managing backups, replication, and deduplication

Section 5: PowerProtect DD Troubleshooting and Maintenance (20%)
- Identifying and resolving common issues in PowerProtect DD
- Troubleshooting and diagnostics in PowerProtect DD
- Routine maintenance tasks and optimizations



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Exams system needs 'radical' overhaul - Gilruth

Image caption,

Some practical exams have taken place but written exams started on Monday

Scotland's qualification system needs a "radical" overhaul that better supports teachers and young people, the education secretary has said.

Jenny Gilruth was speaking as pupils across the country sat down for the first written exams of the 2023 diet.

This is the last year any modifications will be made to mitigate disruption caused by Covid.

Next year the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) plans to set exams back to pre-pandemic norms.

Last month an interim report, commissioned by the Scottish government to examine the future of test in the nation's schools, said the current test system was no longer fit for purpose.

A final version of the review, by Prof Louise Hayward, is set to be published next month.

Ms Gilruth told BBC Radio's Good Morning Scotland programme: "I think it is really important that what comes next, any incarnation in the future, must better support their teachers in their schools but it also must better support young people."

She also dismissed the suggestion that future reform would be anything more than a rebranding exercise.

Ms Gilruth added: "It needs to be radical.

"It needs to better support the profession and those in their schools."

Image source, Getty Images Image caption,

Jenny Gilruth said the government must maintain a "relentless focus" on closing the attainment gap

Prof Hayward's report also proposed the introduction of a Scottish diploma of achievement - a qualification or graduation certificate that would provide evidence of pupils' achievements.

Ms Gilruth said there was a need to "future-proof their qualifications" and told the programme they may look "radically different" in the future.

She also said it was essential that pupils were assessed continuously throughout the academic year.

Meanwhile, Ms Gilruth denied the decision to pull out of international education league tables, which First Minister Humza Yousaf reversed last week, was designed to hide sliding performance.

The former teacher also said a "relentless focus" should be trained on closing the poverty-related attainment gap by 2026.

But Ms Gilruth added: "I am also mindful that schools have been dealing with, as I have alluded to, the impacts of Covid and the impacts of the cost of living crisis.

"That has been really challenging in their classrooms and they need to be really mindful of that in government too."

Image caption,

Reagan did extra work while the strikes were on but her mum Lucia was concerned about missing time at school

Parent groups said disruption from teacher strikes mean some young people are still feeling the pressure of catching up.

They, and unions, said extra support would still be needed for pupils who have only known disruption at high school.

S4 pupil Reagan is 16 and preparing to sit six National 5 exams. She hopes to study law at the University of Glasgow.

Living in Glasgow, her school was targeted for multiple strike days because it was in a prominent MSP's constituency.

She said: "The pandemic happened when I was in S1. It didn't affect me too much. But with the strikes it was quite hard on me and my friends.

"During their prelims, the teachers were on strike the day before so they couldn't really talk to them or go over anything they were worried about."

Her mum, Lucia told BBC Radio Scotland's Drivetime programme it was a concerning time: "I was very worried and they didn't know if it would affect her.

"When they knew the strikes were coming they tried to get her prepared from the teachers in advance."

Image caption,

Amy said she revised for her exams over the Easter holidays

Amy, 16, from Aberdeen, is also in S4 but felt the strikes did not affect her too much.

She told BBC Scotland: "I am a bit stressed but I worked hard over the Easter holidays so I feel prepared."

On the strikes, she said "I was stressed that I wouldn't be in school but I wrote questions down and then brought them in to school."

Patrick McGlinchey from parental engagement charity Connect, thinks support is still vital for the Covid generation.

"What they need now is a period of stability and balance - that is what parents are telling us - and that means additional support for young people through this period from national government and those national bodies."

Image source, Getty Images Image caption,

Scotland's test system is currently under review

Scotland is currently in the middle of a massive rethink of its education system.

Last year's OECD independent review led to the announcement that the SQA was to be replaced as part of an overhaul of education.

The report backed the curriculum as a whole but said there was too much focus on exams in later years of schooling.

Unions said they were wary of plunging young people into the "business-as-usual" SQA diet next year only to change the system again post-Hayward review.

Image caption,

EIS chief Andrea Bradley said teachers had worked hard to prepare pupils despite striking in the lead-up to exams

Scotland's largest teaching union believes Covid modifications should remain and added supports the idea of less exams.

Andrea Bradley, general secretary of the EIS, said: "We should not be putting young people unnecessarily through exams on an annual basis.

"It does not leave the necessary time and space for depth and enjoyment of learning. It places too much stress on too many young people and really exacerbates workload issues for teachers.

"We think there is a much more considered way to do things that is much more fitting for education in the 21st century."


Dell EMC

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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug