Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : ISEB-BA1
Exam Name : Foundation Certificate in Business Analysis
Vendor Name : ISEB
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EXAM CODE: ISEB-BA1
EXAM NAME: Foundation Certificate in Business Analysis

The role and competencies of a business analyst
How to identify and evaluate options for improving your business
Investigative techniques, including interviews, workshops, prototyping and scenarios
How to categorise, analyse and manage stakeholders
Making a business case and assessing feasibility
How to document, manage and validate requirements

List the key principles of business analysis.
a. Root causes, not symptoms.
b. Business improvement, not IT system change.
c. Options, not solutions.
d. Feasible, contributing requirements, not meeting all requests.
e. Entire business change lifecycle, not just requirements definitions.
f. Negotiation, not avoidance.

Describe the variants of the business analyst role.
a. Enterprise.
b. Technical/systems.
c. Digital.
d. Project.
e. Proxy product owner.

THE COMPETENCIES OF A BUSINESS ANALYST K2 (2.5%)
a. Personal qualities.
b. Business knowledge.
c. Professional techniques.

THE STRATEGIC CONTEXT FOR BUSINESS ANALYSIS K2 (7.5%)
Describe business analysis and the strategic context.
a. Analyse and discuss.
b. Build credibility.
c. Question appropriateness.
d. Analyse effectiveness.
e. Provide leadership and influence.

Define the factors assessed using PESTLE to analyse an external environment
a. Political.
b. Environmental.
c. Socio-cultural.
d. Technological.
e. Legal.
f. Economic

Idenitfy the elements of the VMOST technique used to analyse an internal environment.
a. Vision.
b. Mission.
c. Objectives.
d. Strategy.
e. Tactics.

a. Critical success factors (CSFs).
b. Key performance indicators (KPIs).
Guidance
These techniques are used to measure how
an organisation is performing. Critical success
factors are descriptions of the critical factors
that must be in place for the organisation to
achieve defined objectives and KPIs are the
quantitative measurements of performance that
track the achievement of CSFs. Candidates should
recognise examples and use of these performance
measurement tools.
Indicative content
a. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
b. Internal and external factors.
a. POPIT™.
b. Business model canvas.

There are various aspects to consider when
executing an organisational strategy. These
include the results of the internal and external
environment analysis and the gap between the
organisations current and desired target state.
POPIT™ provides a useful model to ensure that all
elements of the organisations strategy are being
considered, while the business model canvas
provides a means through which to develop and
execute strategy. Candidates should recognise
these techniques, but shall not be tested on their
implementation.

3.6 Describe the following techniques used in strategy execution.

Identify the activities in the Business Analysis Service Framework (BASF).
a. Situation investigation and problem analysis.
b. Feasibility test and business case development.
c. Business process improvement.
d. Requirements definition.
e. Business acceptance testing.
f. Business change deployment.
g. Stakeholder engagement.

a. SIPOC.
• Supplier.
• Input.
• Process.
• Output.
• Customer.
b. Value chain analysis.
• Primary activities.
• Support activities.
c. Value propositions.
• Product/service.
• Image.
• Customer relationship.



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Several Universities Will Partner With edX To Offer New Artificial Intelligence Boot Camp

edX is partnering with several major universities to offer a boot camp in Artificial Intelligence

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edX, the online learning platform from 2U, Inc. is partnering with several leading U.S. universities to launch a new Artificial Intelligence Boot Camp. According to edX, the online program is designed for learners with little to no prior technical AI training who want to build the AI skills necessary for entry-level technical positions.

Classes are scheduled to begin in September 2023, at Michigan State University, the University of Denver, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, and Southern Methodist University.

Enrollment for these boot camps is now open at edX.org. The price varies, ranging from $11,245 to $12,745, but those who enroll in the pilot cohorts are being given a $1,000 discount.

Columbia University's Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, the University of Utah, and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte will begin their first AI Boot Camp cohorts in November.

The part-time, 24-week boot camp program will include instruction and practice in several content areas, including data science, machine learning, and AI. The curriculum will cover technologies and basic concepts such as Python, transformers, natural language processing, AI applications, time series forecasting, and AI and data ethics.

“Every individual, irrespective of their profession or trade, stands to benefit from a fundamental understanding of AI–it is now a requisite literacy in their times,” said Anant Agarwal, Founder of edX, Chief Platform Officer at 2U, and former director of MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, in a news release.

Agarwal added, “the Artificial Intelligence Boot Camp with edX will help equip more people with the AI knowledge and skills necessary to augment their capabilities and ensure they’re harnessing the myriad opportunities unfolding in this fascinating and rapidly shifting technology.”

According to a latest survey of technical hiring managers commissioned by edX, while hiring managers expect almost half (42%) of all job candidates hired in the next five years will need AI skills, they also believe less than 20% currently have such skills. The survey also found strong demand for AI training among learners, with 82% saying they’ve researched AI-related higher education programs in the last six months.

“We have leveraged the edX platform through their partnership with 2U in developing innovative and affordable educational programs that serve the evolving needs of learners and employers," said Michael J. Robertson, Assistant Provost for Global, Online & Continuing Education at Southern Methodist University, in the release. “By broadening their partnership to include the Artificial Intelligence Boot Camp, we're helping equip individuals in Dallas and beyond with the tools to navigate and shape this new era of AI innovation while creating meaningful and rewarding careers pathways.”

The AI Boot Camp builds out edX’s current catalog of boot camp programs in coding, data science, cybersecurity, UX/UI, and fintech. A dozen Machine Learning and AI MicroBootCamps and five ChatGPT open courses are now available. The open courses, all free to audit, include Prompt Engineering Advanced ChatGPT, and ChatGPT for education, business, healthcare, and tech/coding/data.

edX was founded by Harvard and MIT in 2012 and was acquired by 2U in 2021 for $800 million. It partners with dozens of universities and companies to offer thousands of online courses, professional certificates, boot camps, credit-bearing micro credentials, and undergraduate and graduate degrees in programs that include technology, business, data science, healthcare, science, education, social work, and engineering. It estimates that enrollments in its various courses now top 100 million.


Portable Camp Stoves Market Size Analysis: Industry Outlook and Forecast For Period 2023-2030 with future growth CAGR 7.3%

No result found, try new keyword!The "Portable Camp Stoves Market" study examines every facet of the market including product categories, geographic areas, and end-users. This report consists of 193 pages. The Portable Camp ...

2023 Patriots Training Camp: Live analysis from NBC Sports Boston's insiders

After an eventful offseason of free agent signings, a failed pursuit of DeAndre Hopkins and changes to the coaching staff, the New England Patriots are ready to officially begin preparing for the 2023 NFL season as training camp begins at Gillette Stadium.

Our Patriots insiders -- Tom E. Curran and Phil Perry -- have you covered from every angle with on-site reporting and analysis from training camp.

Check out the video below for their live report from camp each day, beginning with their takes on Day 2:

For more training camp reaction and analysis from Curran and Perry, subscribe to the Patriots Talk Podcast, with new episodes dropping daily throughout camp.


 


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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug