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Exam Code: JN0-649
Certification: JNCIP-ENT (Juniper Networks Certified Professional Enterprise Routing and Switching)
Format: 65 multiple-choice questions
Duration: 120 minutes
Passing Score: Approximately 65–70% (subject to change)
Delivery: Pearson VUE testing centers or online proctored
Validity: Certification is valid for three years

- Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First):
- Link-state database (LSDB) and flooding mechanisms
- OSPF packet types: Hello- Database Description (DBD)- Link-State Request (LSR)- Link-State Update (LSU)- Link-State Acknowledgment (LSAck)
- LSA types (e.g.- Router- Network- Summary- External- NSSA External)
- Area types: Backbone (Area 0)- Stub- Totally Stubby- Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA)
- OSPF authentication (plain text- MD5)
- Virtual links and route summarization
- OSPF troubleshooting (e.g.- neighbor adjacency issues- route filtering)

- IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System):
- IS-IS levels (Level 1- Level 2- Level 1-2)
- TLVs (Type-Length-Value) and PDU types (Hello- LSP- CSNP- PSNP)
- Designated Intermediate System (DIS) election
- Wide metrics vs. narrow metrics
- IS-IS authentication and route leaking
- Troubleshooting IS-IS adjacency and routing issues

- LSDB- LSA- SPF (Shortest Path First)- DR/BDR (Designated Router/Backup Designated Router)- ABR (Area Border Router)- ASBR (Autonomous System Boundary Router)- NET (Network Entity Title)- CLNS (Connectionless Network Service)- route redistribution.

- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
- Description: Configuring and troubleshooting BGP in enterprise environments- focusing on both internal (iBGP) and external (eBGP) peering.

- BGP attributes: AS Path- Next Hop- Local Preference- MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator)- Origin- Community
- BGP message types: Open- Update- Notification- Keepalive
- iBGP vs. eBGP peering rules and route reflection
- Confederations and route reflectors for scalability
- BGP path selection process
- Route filtering using prefix lists- route maps- and communities
- BGP multipath and load balancing
- Troubleshooting BGP (e.g.- peering issues- missing routes- attribute manipulation)

- Autonomous System (AS)- BGP neighbor states (Idle- Connect- Active- OpenSent- OpenConfirm- Established)- route reflector- confederation- flap damping- BGP next-hop resolution- graceful restart.

- IP Multicast
- Multicast addressing (IPv4: 224.0.0.0/4- IPv6: FF00::/8)
- IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) versions (v1- v2- v3)
- PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) modes: Dense Mode- Sparse Mode- Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)
- Rendezvous Point (RP) configuration: Static- Auto-RP- Bootstrap Router (BSR)
- Any-Source Multicast (ASM) vs. Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)
- Multicast distribution trees: Shared Tree (*-G)- Source Tree (S-G)
- Troubleshooting multicast (e.g.- RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding) failures- group membership issues)

- Multicast group- IGMP snooping- PIM register messages- RPF check- mroute table- shortest-path tree- shared tree- DR (Designated Router) for multicast.

- Ethernet Switching and Virtual LANs (VLANs)
- Description: Configuring and troubleshooting advanced Ethernet switching features on Juniper EX and QFX series switches.

- VLAN configuration and tagging (IEEE 802.1Q)
- Access vs. trunk ports
- Private VLANs (PVLANs): Isolated- Community- Promiscuous ports
- Virtual Chassis and Virtual Chassis Fabric (VCF)
- Data Center Interconnect (DCI) using EVPN (Ethernet VPN)
- Spanning Tree Protocols: STP- RSTP- MSTP- VSTP
- Link Aggregation Groups (LAG) and MC-LAG (Multi-Chassis LAG)
- Troubleshooting switching issues (e.g.- VLAN misconfiguration- loop prevention)

- VLAN ID- tagged/untagged frames- Q-in-Q tunneling- BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit)- root bridge- LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)- MAC learning- flooding- EVPN-VXLAN.

- Layer 2 Authentication and Access Control
- Description: Implementing security features for Layer 2 networks.

- 802.1X authentication (port-based network access control)
- MAC RADIUS authentication
- Captive portal for guest access
- Dynamic VLAN assignment
- Storm control and rate limiting
- DHCP snooping and ARP inspection
- Troubleshooting authentication and access control issues

- Supplicant- authenticator- authentication server- EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol)- RADIUS- port security- DAI (Dynamic ARP Inspection)- IP source guard.

- Protocol-Independent Routing
- Description: Configuring and troubleshooting routing features that are independent of specific routing protocols.

- Static routes and aggregate routes
- Route preference and administrative distance
- Filter-based forwarding (FBF)
- Routing instances (virtual routers- VRFs)
- Load balancing and ECMP (Equal-Cost Multipath)
- Troubleshooting routing table issues

- Next-hop types (direct- indirect- reject- discard)- qualified next-hop- routing policy- VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding)- ECMP hashing- route resolution.

- High Availability (HA)
- Description: Implementing and troubleshooting high-availability features for enterprise networks.

- Graceful Routing Engine Switchover (GRES)
- Non-Stop Active Routing (NSR)
- Non-Stop Bridging (NSB)
- Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
- Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
- Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) for redundancy
- Troubleshooting HA configurations

- Primary/backup Routing Engine- VRRP priority- preemption- BFD timers- NSR state replication- GRES synchronization- LAG redundancy.

- Network Management and Monitoring
- Description: Managing and monitoring Juniper devices in enterprise networks.

- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) configuration
- Syslog and event logging
- NetFlow/sFlow for traffic monitoring
- Junos Space and Contrail Enterprise Multicloud for network management
- Packet capture and analysis (e.g.- using monitor traffic)
- Troubleshooting network performance issues
- Key Terminologies:
- MIB (Management Information Base)- trap- syslog severity levels- flow records- packet sampling- RPM (Real-time Performance Monitoring)- SLA (Service Level Agreement).

- Advanced Security Features
- Description: Implementing security mechanisms to protect enterprise networks.

- Firewall filters (ACLs) and policers
- Security policies and zones
- Unified Threat Management (UTM): Antivirus- Web filtering- IPS
- Screen options for DoS protection
- Troubleshooting security policy issues

- Stateful firewall- stateless firewall- security zone- ALG (Application Layer Gateway)- DoS (Denial of Service)- IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention System)- policer bandwidth limits.

- Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Automation
- Description: Understanding modern networking trends- including SDN and automation- as they apply to Juniper platforms.

- SDN concepts and Junipers Contrail Enterprise Multicloud
- Network automation using Python- PyEZ- or Ansible
- YANG data modeling and NETCONF
- EVPN-VXLAN for data center fabrics
- Troubleshooting SDN and automation scripts

- SDN controller- overlay/underlay networks- VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN)- BGP EVPN- API (Application Programming Interface)- RPC (Remote Procedure Call)- telemetry.

- Advanced Junos Enterprise Routing (AJER): Covers advanced routing protocols (OSPF- IS-IS- BGP) and policies.
- Advanced Junos Enterprise Switching (AJEX): Focuses on Ethernet switching- VLANs- and data center technologies.
- IGPs: LSDB- LSA- SPF- DR/BDR- ABR- ASBR- NET- CLNS- route redistribution.
- BGP: AS Path- Next Hop- Local Preference- MED- route reflector- confederation- flap damping.
- IP Multicast: Multicast group- IGMP- PIM- RPF- mroute- shared tree- source tree.
- Ethernet Switching: VLAN- 802.1Q- PVLAN- Virtual Chassis- EVPN- STP- LAG- MC-LAG.
- Layer 2 Security: 802.1X- MAC RADIUS- DHCP snooping- ARP inspection- storm control.
- Protocol-Independent Routing: Static route- VRF- ECMP- FBF- route preference.
- High Availability: GRES- NSR- NSB- VRRP- BFD- LACP.
- Network Management: SNMP- syslog- NetFlow- sFlow- Junos Space- packet capture.
- Security: Firewall filter- security zone- UTM- DoS screen- policer.
- SDN/Automation: SDN- VXLAN- EVPN- PyEZ- NETCONF- YANG- telemetry.