Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : MB-330
Exam Name : Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance and Operations, Supply Chain Management
Vendor Name : Microsoft
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MB-330 exam Format | MB-330 Course Contents | MB-330 Course Outline | MB-330 exam Syllabus | MB-330 exam Objectives


Implement product information management (25-30%)

Create and manage products

• create a product and product variants

• create Bill of materials (BOMs)

• identify the purpose and capabilities of the Product Configuration models

• create and configure category hierarchies

• create product attributes


Configure products for supply chain management

• create and manage inventory dimensions

• create Item groups and Item model groups

• create and print product labels

• create and assign bar codes

• configure Item coverage

• configure product compliance processes


Manage inventory pricing and costing

• configure inventory costing

• configure costing versions

• configure and manage commodity pricing

• create purchase, sales, and trade agreements

• create smart rounding rules


Implement inventory management (20-25%)

Configure inventory management

• identify the purpose of inventory forecasting

• set up inventory and warehouse parameters

• configure and perform Quality control and Quality management processes

• configure inventory valuation reports

• configure ABC classification

• configure inventory closing components

• implement inventory breakdowns


Manage and process inventory activities

• create and process inventory and warehouse journals

• create and process transfer orders

• create and process chain orders

• manage direct delivery orders

• process quarantine orders

• process quality orders

• perform inventory closing and adjustments

• apply inventory blocking


Implement and manage supply chain processes (25-30%)

Implement procurement and sourcing

• create and manage purchase requisitions, requests for quotes (RFQs), and purchase orders (POs)

• create and manage vendor catalogs

• configure Purchase Order change management

• configure and apply vendor rebates

• implement and manage consignment inventory

• configure and test Vendor collaboration portal

• manage over and under deliveries and delivery schedules


Implement common sales and marketing features

• configure quotations, sales orders, and return orders

• configure sales groups and commissions

• configure and manage up-sell, cross-sell, discounts, and price groups

• configure customer and prospect searches

• implement and manage leads and prospects

• configure inter-company Trade relations


Implement advanced sales and marketing features

• configure brokers and royalties

• configure trade allowances and customer rebates

• implement and process foreign trade

• configure and process Vendor 1099


Implement warehouse management and transportation management and perform business processes (25-30%)

Configure warehouse management

• implement components for warehouse management

• implement location directives

• implement Inventory Statuses

• implement Waves

• implement Loads

• implement shipments

• implement Work

• implement mobile devices


Perform warehouse management processes

• identify inventory movement processes

• perform cycle counting

• use mobile devices for inbound and outbound processes

• implement containerization and packaging

• process inbound orders

• process outbound orders

• perform cluster picking

• process shipments

• identify and apply the replenishment process


Implement transportation management and perform business processes

• configure container management

• configure and manage transportation management

• perform planning and executing of loads and shipments

• configure and generate freight bills and invoices

• identify and configure route and rate engines

• configure and use dock appointment scheduling

• perform transportation processes by using the load planning workbench



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CTET Answer Key with Question Paper 2023 PDF: obtain Solved Paper 1, Paper 2 Set A/B/C/D

CTET Answer Key with Question Paper 2023 PDF Download: Get CTET Paper 1 and Paper 2 with answer Keys of the Central Teacher Eligibility Test exam held on August 20, 2023, in offline mode for all the sets - A, B, C, and D. The 17th edition of the CTET exam 2023 was held in 20 languages.

CTET Answer Key with Question Paper 2023 PDF Download

CTET Answer Key with Question Paper 2023 PDF Download: CTET 2023 exam was successfully conducted today, August 20, 2023, in offline mode. Paper-1 was held in the morning shift (9:30 AM to 12:00 Noon) and Paper-2 was held in the afternoon shift (2:30 PM to 5:00 PM). All the questions asked will be in the objective MCQ format and there will be no negative marking for wrong answers.

Below is the exam pattern followed by CBSE in the CTET 2023 exam:

CTET Paper 1 exam Pattern 2023

Subject

No. of MCQs

Maximum Marks

Duration

Child Development and Pedagogy

30 MCQs

30 Marks

2 hours and 30 minutes

Language I (Compulsory)

30 MCQs

30 Marks

Language II (Compulsory)

30 MCQs

30 Marks

Mathematics

30 MCQs

30 Marks

Environmental Studies

30 MCQs

30 Marks

Total

150 MCQs

150 Marks

CTET Paper 2 exam Pattern 2023

Subject

No. of MCQs

Maximum Marks

Duration

Child Development and Pedagogy

30 MCQs

30 Marks

2 hours and 30 minutes

Language I (Compulsory)

30 MCQs

30 Marks

Language II (Compulsory)

30 MCQs

30 Marks

Mathematics and Science

(for Mathematics and Science teacher)

OR (v) Social Studies/Social Science (for Social Studies/Social Science teacher) 

For any other teacher - either (IV) or (V)

60 MCQs

60 Marks

Total

150 MCQs

150 Marks

In this article, they have shared the question paper of the CTET exam 2023. The answer key for the CTET 2023 Paper-1 has been shared below the question paper. The official CTET 2023 Answer Key will be released after a few days of the exam.

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So, let’s have a look at the CTET 2023 Paper-1 and Answer Key:

CTET Question Paper and Answer Key 2023: Paper 1 PDF Download

Download the CTET question paper and answer key 2023 for Paper-1 which is for the candidates who intend to be a teacher for Classes I to V:

CTET Paper 1 Question Paper and Answer Key 2023 

CTET Paper 1 Question Paper (Set-A/B/C/D)

Download PDF

CTET Paper 1 Answer Key (Set-A/B/C/D)

Download PDF

CTET Question Paper and Answer Key 2023: Paper 2 PDF Download

Download the CTET question paper and answer key 2023 for Paper-2 which is for the candidates who intend to be a teacher for Classes VI to VIII:

CTET Paper 2 Question Paper and Answer Key 2023 

CTET Paper 2 Question Paper (Set-A/B/C/D)

Download PDF

CTET Paper 2 Answer Key (Set-A/B/C/D)

Download PDF

Language of the CTET Question Paper 2023

The main question paper shall be Bilingual (Hindi/English). The Language I and II questions will be asked from the language chosen by the candidate:

Language 

Code No.

Language 

Code No.

English

01

Marathi

11

Hindi

02

Mizo

12

Assamese

03

Nepali

13

Bengali

04

Oriya

14

Garo

05

Punjabi

15

Gujarati

06

Sanskrit

16

Kannada

07

Tamil

17

Khasi

08

Telugu

18

Malayalam

09

Tibetan

19

Manipuri

10

Urdu

20

Highlights of CTET Exam 2023 

- CTET Dec 2023 Exam is being in offline mode across 184 exam centres in India.

- Each question carries an equal 1 mark in Paper-1 and Paper-2.

- 150 questions will be asked in 150 minutes to complete the test (Paper-1 & Paper-2 each).

- There will be no negative marking for the wrong answers.

  • CTET is qualifying in nature. CTET is an eligibility test only. Qualifying in the CTET would not confer a right on any person for Recruitment/ Employment as it is only one of the CTET eligibility criteria for appointment.
  • Check here CTET answer key 

    CTET Official Answer Key 2023

    The CBSE will display the provisional CTET answer key of Paper-1 and Paper-2 on the CTET official website - ctet.nic.in. The board will provide an opportunity for the candidates to challenge the provisional answer keys with a non-refundable prescribed fee as processing charges. The provisional answer keys are likely to be displayed for two to three days. Only paid challenges made during the stipulated time will be considered.

    The board’s decision on the challenges shall be final and no further communication will be entertained. CBSE will not inform the candidates individually about their challenges. The subject experts will examine all the challenges received and then the final answer keys will be displayed. The result will be declared according to the final answer keys.

    Also Check;

    FAQ Q1. Where will the CTET Question Paper and Answer Key 2023 be released officially?

    The CTET Question Paper and Answer Key 2023 will be released officially at the website - ctet.nic.in.

    Q2. When will the official CTET Answer Key 2023 be released?

    The official CTET 2023 Answer Key will be released after a few days of the CTET exam 2023.

    Q3. In how many languages the CTET 2023 exam is being held?

    The main CTET question paper shall be Bilingual (Hindi/English). The Language I and II questions will be asked from the language chosen by the candidate amongst the 20 languages.


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    Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

    Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

    Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

    Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

    Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

    Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

    Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

    Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

    Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

    Höhere Gewalt

    Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

    Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

    Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

    Technisches Versagen

    Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

    Kriminelle Ursachen

    Hackerangriffe

    Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

    Physischer Angriff

    Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

    Erpressung

    Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

    Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

    Cyber-Kosten:

    • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
    • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
    • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
    • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

    Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

    • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
    • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
    • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
    • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
    • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
    • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
    • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

    Cyber-Eigenschäden:

    • Betriebsunterbrechung
    • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
    • Mehrkosten
    • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
    • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
    • Cyber-Erpressung
    • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
    • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
    • Cyber-Betrug