Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : MS-500
Exam Name : Microsoft 365 Security Administration
Vendor Name : Microsoft
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MS-500 exam Format | MS-500 Course Contents | MS-500 Course Outline | MS-500 exam Syllabus | MS-500 exam Objectives


Exam Number : MS-500

Exam Name : Microsoft 365 Security Administration



In this course you will learn how to secure user access to your organizations resources. The course covers user password protection, multi-factor authentication, how to enable Azure Identity Protection, how to setup and use Azure AD Connect, and introduces you to conditional access in Microsoft 365. You will learn about threat protection technologies that help protect your Microsoft 365 environment. Specifically, you will learn about threat vectors and Microsofts security solutions to mitigate threats. You will learn about Secure Score, Exchange Online protection, Azure Advanced Threat Protection, Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection, and threat management. In the course you will learn about information protection technologies that help secure your Microsoft 365 environment. The course discusses information rights managed content, message encryption, as well as labels, policies and rules that support data loss prevention and information protection. Lastly, you will learn about archiving and retention in Microsoft 365 as well as data governance and how to conduct content searches and investigations. This course covers data retention policies and tags, in-place records management for SharePoint, email retention, and how to conduct content searches that support eDiscovery investigations.



Learners should start this course already having the following skills:



Basic conceptual understanding of Microsoft Azure.

Experience with Windows 10 devices.

Experience with Office 365.

Basic understanding of authorization and authentication.

Basic understanding of computer networks.

Working knowledge of managing mobile devices.



Course outline

Module 1: User and Group Management

This module explains how to manage user accounts and groups in Microsoft 365. It introduces you to the Zero Trust concept as well as authentication. The module sets the foundation for the remainder of the course.



Lessons

Identity and Access Management concepts

The Zero Trust model

Plan your identity and authentication solution

User accounts and roles

Password Management

Lab : Initialize your tenant - users and groups

Set up your Microsoft 365 tenant

Manage users and groups

Lab : Password management

Configure Self-service password reset (SSPR) for user accounts in Azure AD

Deploy Azure AD Smart Lockout

After completing this module, students will be able to:



Create and manage user accounts.

Describe and use Microsoft 365 admin roles.

Plan for password policies and authentication.

Describe the concepts of Zero Trust security.

Explain the Zero Trust model.

Module 2: Identity Synchronization and Protection

This module explains concepts related to synchronizing identities for Microsoft 365. Specifically, it focuses on Azure AD Connect and managing directory synchronization to ensure the right people are connecting to your Microsoft 365 system.



Lessons

Plan directory synchronization

Configure and manage synchronized identities

Azure AD Identity Protection

Lab : Implement Identity Synchronization

Set up your organization for identity synchronization



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Explain directory synchronization.

Plan directory synchronization.

Describe and use Azure AD Connect.

Configure Azure AD Connect Prerequisites.

Manage users and groups with directory synchronization.

Describe Active Directory federation.

Enable Azure Identity Protection

Module 3: Identity and Access Management

This module explains conditional access for Microsoft 365 and how it can be used to control access to resources in your organization. The module also explains Role Based Access Control (RBAC) and solutions for external access. They discuss identity governance as a concept and its components.



Lessons

Application Management

Identity Governance

Manage device access

Role Based Access Control (RBAC)

Solutions for external access

Privileged Identity Management

Lab : Use Conditional Access to enable MFA

MFA Authentication Pilot (require MFA for specific apps)

MFA Conditional Access (complete an MFA roll out)

Lab : Configure Privileged Identity Management

Manage Azure resources

Assign directory roles

Activate and deactivate PIM roles

Directory roles

PIM resource workflows

View audit history for Azure AD roles in PIM



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe the concept of conditional access.

Describe and use conditional access policies.

Plan for device compliance.

Configure conditional users and groups.

Configure role based access control

Describe the concepts of identity governance

Configure and use Privileged Identity Management

Module 4: Security in Microsoft 365

This module explains the various cyber-attack threats that exist. It then introduces you to the Microsoft solutions used to mitigate those threats. The module finishes with an explanation of Microsoft Secure Score and how it can be used to evaluate and report your organizations security posture.



Lessons

Threat vectors and data breaches

Security strategy and principles

Microsoft security solutions

Secure Score

Lab : Use Microsoft Secure Score

Improve your secure score in the Microsoft 365 Security Center



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe several techniques attackers use to compromise user accounts through email.

Describe techniques attackers use to gain control over resources.

List the types of threats that can be avoided by using EOP and Microsoft Defender for Office 365.

Describe the benefits of Secure Score and what kind of services can be analyzed.

Describe how to use Secure Score to identify gaps in your current Microsoft 365 security posture.

Module 5: Threat Protection

This module explains the various threat protection technologies and services available for Microsoft 365. The module covers message protection through Exchange Online Protection, Microsoft Defender for Identity and Microsoft Defender for Endpoint.



Lessons

Exchange Online Protection (EOP)

Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Manage Safe Attachments

Manage Safe Links

Microsoft Defender for Identity

Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Lab : Manage Microsoft 365 Security Services

Implement Microsoft Defender Policies



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe the anti-malware pipeline as email is analyzed by Exchange Online Protection.

Describe how Safe Attachments is used to block zero-day malware in email attachments and documents.

Describe how Safe Links protect users from malicious URLs embedded in email and documents that point

Configure Microsoft Defender for Identity.

Configure Microsoft Defender for Endpoint.

Module 6: Threat Management

This module explains Microsoft Threat Management which provides you with the tools to evaluate and address cyber threats and formulate responses. You will learn how to use the Security dashboard and Azure Sentinel for Microsoft 365.



Lessons

Security dashboard

Threat investigation and response

Azure Sentinel

Advanced Threat Analytics

Lab : Using Attack Simulator

Conduct a simulated Spear phishing attack

Conduct simulated password attacks



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe how Threat Explorer can be used to investigate threats and help to protect your tenant.

Describe how the Security Dashboard gives C-level executives insight into top risks and trends.

Describe what Advanced Thread Analytics (ATA) is and what requirements are needed to deploy it.

Configure Advanced Threat Analytics.

Use the attack simulator in Microsoft 365.

Describe how Azure Sentinel can used for Microsoft 365.

Module 7: Microsoft Cloud Application Security

This module focuses on cloud application security in Microsoft 365. The module will explain cloud discovery, app connectors, policies, and alerts. You will learn how these features work to secure you cloud applications.



Lessons

Deploy Cloud Application Security

Use cloud application security information



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe Cloud App Security.

Explain how to deploy Cloud App Security.

Control your Cloud Apps with Policies.

Use the Cloud App Catalog.

Use the Cloud Discovery dashboard.

Manage cloud app permissions.

Module 8: Mobility

This module focuses on securing mobile devices and applications. You will learn about Mobile Device Management and how it works with Microsoft Intune. You will also learn about how Intune and Azure AD can be used to secure mobile applications.



Lessons

Mobile Application Management (MAM)

Mobile Device Management (MDM)

Deploy mobile device services

Enroll devices to Mobile Device Management

Lab : Device Management

Enable Device Management

Configure Azure AD for Intune

Create compliance and conditional access policies



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe mobile application considerations.

Manage devices with MDM.

Configure Domains for MDM.

Manage Device Security Policies.

Enroll devices to MDM.

Configure a Device Enrollment Manager Role.

Module 9: Information Protection and Governance

This module focuses on data loss prevention in Microsoft 365. You will learn about how to create policies, edit rules, and customize user notifications to protect your data.



Lessons

Information protection concepts

Governance and Records Management

Sensitivity labels

Archiving in Microsoft 365

Retention in Microsoft 365

Retention policies in the Microsoft 365 Compliance Center

Archiving and retention in Exchange

In-place records management in SharePoint

Lab : Archiving and Retention

Initialize compliance

Configure retention tags and policies



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Configure sensitivity labels.

Configure archiving and retention in Microsoft 365.

Plan and configure Records Management

Module 10: Rights Management and Encryption

This module explains information rights management in Exchange and SharePoint. The module also describes encryption technologies used to secure messages.



Lessons

Information Rights Management (IRM)

Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (S-MIME)

Office 365 Message Encryption

Lab : Configure Office 365 Message Encryption

Configure Office 365 Message Encryption

Validate Information Rights Management



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe the various Microsoft 365 Encryption Options.

Describe the use of S/MIME.

Describe and enable Office 365 Message Encryption.

Module 11: Data Loss Prevention

This module focuses on data loss prevention in Microsoft 365. You will learn about how to create policies, edit rules, and customize user notifications to protect your data.



Lessons

Data loss prevention fundamentals

Create a DLP policy

Customize a DLP policy

Create a DLP policy to protect documents

Policy tips

Lab : Implement Data Loss Prevention policies

Manage DLP Policies

Test MRM and DLP Policies



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe Data Loss Prevention (DLP).

Use policy templates to implement DLP policies for commonly used information.

Configure the correct rules for protecting content.

Describe how to modify existing rules of DLP policies.

Configure the user override option to a DLP rule.

Explain how SharePoint Online creates crawled properties from documents.

Module 12: Compliance Management

This module explains the Compliance center in Microsoft 365. It discusses the components of compliance score.



Lessons

Compliance center



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Describe how to use compliance score to make organizational decisions.

Describe how exams are used to determine compliance score.

Module 13: Insider Risk Management

This module focuses on insider risk related functionality within Microsoft 365. It covers not only Insider Risk Management in the compliance center but also information barriers and privileged access management as well.



Lessons

Insider Risk

Privileged Access

Information barriers

Building ethical walls in Exchange Online

Lab : Privileged Access Management

Set up privileged access management and process a request



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Explain and configure Insider Risk Management in Microsoft 365.

Configure and approve privileged access requests for global administrators.

Configure and use information barriers to conform to organizational regulations.

Build ethical walls in Exchange Online

Configure Customer Lockbox

Module 14: Discover and Respond

This module focuses on content search and investigations. The module covers how to use eDiscovery to conduct advanced investigations of Microsoft 365 data. It also covers audit logs and discusses GDPR data subject requests.



Lessons

Content Search

Audit Log Investigations

Advanced eDiscovery

Lab : Manage Search and Investigation

Investigate your Microsoft 365 Data

Conduct a Data Subject Request



After completing this module, students will be able to:



Conduct content searches in Microsoft 365

Perform and audit log investigation.

Configure Microsoft 365 for audit logging.

Use Advanced eDiscovery



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug