Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

Wo erhalte ich vollständige Informationen über NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction?

Nachfolgend finden Sie alle Details zu Übungstests, Dumps und aktuellen Fragen der NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction: NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Prüfung.

2025 Updated Actual NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction questions as experienced in Test Center

Aktuelle NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Fragen aus echten Tests von Killexams.com - easy finanz | easyfinanz

MCQs

NCEES NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction : NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test Questions, MCQs and Practice Test

Practice Test Organized by Shahid nazir



Latest 2025 MCQs of NCEES NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test Questions & Practice Test, MCQs in Premium PDF and Test Engine

MCQs VCE test and Free Test Engine Software - MCQs Updated on Daily Basis
Big Discount / Cheapest price & 100% Success Rate




NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction MCQs : Download 100% Free NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test Questions (PDF and VCE)

Exam Number : NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction
Exam Name : NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction
Vendor Name : NCEES
Update : Click Here to Check Latest Update
Total MCQs : Check Questions

Killexams NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction MCQs with Free Practice Test
Our primary goal is not only to help you pass the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test on your first attempt but to genuinely enhance your knowledge and expertise in NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test topics. get their free NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction TestPrep to ensure a deep understanding of NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction MCQs, and then upgrade to the complete version of their NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction questions and answers, including the powerful VCE test simulator. Master the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction PDF questions, refine your skills with their VCE test simulator, and walk into the real NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test with unwavering confidence—ready

At Killexams.com, they take pride in countless testimonials from delighted clients who have excelled in the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test using their Exam Cram Practice Tests. These professionals have secured prestigious roles in their organizations and significantly enhanced their expertise through their NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Exam Questions Practice Tests. Their approach transcends merely providing practice tests for passing the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction exam; they are dedicated to deepening individuals’ understanding of NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction objectives and topics, empowering them to thrive in their fields.

We are committed to clarifying all concepts, syllabus, and objectives related to NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction courses for the NCEES NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction exam. Simply studying the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction course guide is insufficient. You must master challenging scenarios and questions presented in the real NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction exam. Visit https://killexams.com to get complimentary demo NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction PDF questions and review them. They are confident that if you find their NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction questions compelling, you will register to access the full NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Mock Questions VCE test at exclusive discounts, marking your first step toward success in the NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction exam. Install the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction VCE test simulator on your computer, memorize the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Exam Questions Practice Tests, and regularly practice with the VCE test simulator. When you feel prepared, register for the real NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test at a test center.

Killexams.com provides the latest, valid, and 2025-updated NCEES NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Practice Tests, essential for passing the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test and advancing your professional standing within your organization. Their mission is to ensure candidates pass the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test on their first attempt. Their NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Exam Questions practice tests consistently deliver top-tier results, as their clients trust their Exam Questions and VCE for their real NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction exam. They are the premier source for authentic NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test questions, keeping their NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Exam Questions practice tests current and valid at all times. Their NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test practice tests ensure exceptional performance, helping you pass with outstanding results.

If you aim to pass the NCEES NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test to secure a rewarding career, register at https://killexams.com. Their expert team diligently collects genuine NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test questions, providing you with NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test questions to ensure your success. get updated NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test questions for free with every login. While some organizations offer NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Exam Questions, only valid and 2025-updated NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Mock Questions practice tests are critical for success. Practice caution before relying on free NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Exam Questions found online, as they may not be reliable.







NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test Format | NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Course Contents | NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Course Outline | NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test Syllabus | NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test Objectives


The Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) test tests for a minimum level of competency in a particular engineering discipline. It is designed for engineers who have gained a minimum of four years post-college work experience in their chosen engineering discipline.



The PE Civil test is an 8-hour test with 80 questions. It is administered in pencil-and-paper format twice per year in April and October. See the test schedule for specific dates.



Reviewing the PE test specifications and design standardsReading the reference materials and examinee guideUnderstanding scoring and reportingViewing the most up-to-date PE test pass rates



I. Project Planning

A. Quantity take-off methods

B. Cost estimating

C. Project schedules

D. Activity identification and sequencing

II. Means and Methods

A. Construction loads

B. Construction methods

C. Temporary structures and facilities

III. Soil Mechanics

A. Lateral earth pressure

B. Soil consolidation

C. Effective and total stresses

D. Bearing capacity

E. Foundation settlement

F. Slope stability

Civil Breadth test Specifications Continued

IV. Structural Mechanics

A. Dead and live loads

B. Trusses

C. Bending (e.g., moments and stresses)

D. Shear (e.g., forces and stresses)

E. Axial (e.g., forces and stresses)

F. Combined stresses

G. Deflection

H. Beams

I. Columns

J. Slabs

K. Footings

L. Retaining walls

V. Hydraulics and Hydrology

A. Open-channel flow

B. Stormwater collection and drainage (e.g., culvert, stormwater inlets, gutter flow, street flow, storm sewer pipes)

C. Storm characteristics (e.g., storm frequency, rainfall measurement and distribution)

D. Runoff analysis (e.g., Rational and SCS/NRCS methods, hydrographic application, runoff time of concentration)

E. Detention/retention ponds

F. Pressure conduit (e.g., single pipe, force mains, Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbach, major and minor losses)

G. Energy and/or continuity equation (e.g., Bernoulli)

VI. Geometrics

A. Basic circular curve elements (e.g., middle ordinate, length, chord, radius)

B. Basic vertical curve elements

C. Traffic volume (e.g., vehicle mix, flow, and speed)

VII. Materials

A. Soil classification and boring log interpretation

B. Soil properties (e.g., strength, permeability, compressibility, phase relationships)

C. Concrete (e.g., nonreinforced, reinforced)

D. Structural steel

E. Material test methods and specification conformance

F. Compaction

VIII. Site Development

A. Excavation and embankment (e.g., cut and fill)

B. Construction site layout and control

C. Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection)

D. Impact of construction on adjacent facilities

E. Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone)

CIVIL–CONSTRUCTION DEPTH test Specifications

I. Earthwork Construction and Layout

A. Excavation and embankment (e.g., cut and fill)

B. Borrow pit volumes

C. Site layout and control

D. Earthwork mass diagrams and haul distance

E. Site and subsurface investigations

II. Estimating Quantities and Costs

A. Quantity take-off methods

B. Cost estimating

C. Cost analysis for resource selection

D. Work measurement and productivity

III. Construction Operations and Methods

A. Lifting and rigging

B. Crane stability

C. Dewatering and pumping

D. Equipment operations (e.g., selection, production, economics)

E. Deep foundation installation

IV. Scheduling

A. Construction sequencing

B. Activity time analysis

C. Critical path method (CPM) network analysis

D. Resource scheduling and leveling

E. Time-cost trade-off

V. Material Quality Control and Production

A. Material properties and testing (e.g., soils, concrete, asphalt)

B. Weld and bolt installation

C. Quality control process (QA/QC)

D. Concrete proportioning and placement

E. Concrete maturity and early strength evaluation

VI. Temporary Structures

A. Construction loads, codes, and standards

B. Formwork

C. Falsework and scaffolding

D. Shoring and reshoring

E. Bracing and anchorage for stability

F. Temporary support of excavation

VII. Health and Safety

A. OSHA regulations and hazard identification/abatement

B. Safety management and statistics

C. Work zone and public safety



Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Feedback


Very comprehensive and authentic Braindumps for the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction exam.
Using the Killexams.com VCE test exam guide, I passed my NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test in less than 20 days of preparation. The practice tests with test MCQs completely transformed my life, and I am now working in a great company with excellent prospects. Thanks to Killexams.com and the entire team of trainers, who successfully cover difficult subject matters. Their excellent NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction actual questions are useful for achieving high marks. I answered almost all the questions in just half the time.


Try out these real NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction questions.
I am grateful for the outstanding test partner that I have in Killexams.com practice tests with test questions. Thanks to the educators who are so helpful, decent, and always willing to assist me in passing my NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction exam. They are always available to answer my questions whether it is day or night. The course given to me during my exams was comprehensive and covered all the necessary topics.


The NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction real question bank provides real study and great results.
Thanks to Killexams.com, I scored 92% in my NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test exam. I had been looking for a reliable test VCE test to help me Boost my knowledge, and Killexams.com platform exceeded my expectations. They made a difficult task seem easy for me, and I feel great about my success. Their platform is perfect for anyone looking to succeed in their NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test exam.


It is great to have the latest NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction practice tests.
Like many successful candidates, I recently passed the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test with most questions coming directly from Killexams.com materials. The answers are completely accurate, making this website a trustworthy resource for any NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test candidate.


What are the benefits of NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction certification?
I am writing this to express my gratitude to Killexams.com for helping me pass the NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction test with a 96% score. Their test bank series is excellent as it gives a real feel of an online test and provides detailed explanations for each question in easy-to-understand language. I am more than satisfied with my choice of buying their test series.


NCEES Engineering: test Questions

NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Exam

Question: Can I find real test Questions & Answers of PE-Civil-Construction exam?
Answer: Yes. You will be able to get up-to-date PE-Civil-Construction real questions. If there will be any update in the exam, it will be automatically copied in your get section and you will receive an intimation email. You can memorize and practice these Braindumps with the VCE test simulator. It will train you enough to get good marks in the exam.
Question: Where am I able to find exact questions for knowledge of PE-Civil-Construction exam?
Answer: You can get exact PE-Civil-Construction questions that boost your knowledge. These PE-Civil-Construction test questions are taken from real test sources, that's why these PE-Civil-Construction test questions are sufficient to read and pass the exam. Although you can use other sources also for improvement of knowledge like textbooks and other aid material these PE-Civil-Construction questions are sufficient to pass the exam.
Question: There are outdated PE-Civil-Construction questions on internet everywhere, Where can I find up-to-date questions?
Answer: There are several exams questions providers, most of them are re-sellers selling outdated PE-Civil-Construction questions. You need up-to-date PE-Civil-Construction questions to pass the exam. Killexams.com provides real PE-Civil-Construction test Braindumps that appear in the real PE-Civil-Construction exam. You should also practice these Braindumps with an test simulator.
Question: Do you recommend me to use this amazing source latest practice test?
Answer: Killexams highly recommend these PE-Civil-Construction questions to memorize before you go for the real test because this PE-Civil-Construction question bank contains an up-to-date and 100% valid PE-Civil-Construction question bank with a new syllabus.
Question: My killexams account is not working, what should I do?
Answer: First of all, you should check if your account is expired or not. If you see that your account validity is not over, you should re-set your password by clicking on Forgot Password on the login screen. If you see that it still does not work, contact live chat and provide your username. You can also send an email to support from your registered email address and provide your username with the issue you face and their team will solve the issue asap.
NCEES+Engineering%3A+Exam+Questions
https://www.pass4surez.com/art/read.php?keyword=NCEES+Engineering%3A+Exam+Questions&lang=us&links=remove

Choosing a reliable and up-to-date certification VCE test provider can be challenging, as candidates want assurance of quality, credibility, and effectiveness. Killexams.com is committed to delivering top-tier practice tests that uses actual questions for practice, are regularly updated to ensure accuracy and relevance. They prioritize their candidates’ success, offering high-quality resources that have empowered countless individuals to pass their certification exams with confidence and ease. Their unwavering focus on excellence, trustworthiness, and customer satisfaction sets us apart. Unlike some resellers who may mislead customers, Killexams.com maintains a stellar reputation through consistent quality and transparency. Be cautious of false claims or negative reports from competitors attempting to undermine trusted services like ours. With thousands of satisfied candidates who have successfully passed their exams using their practice tests, PDF question banks, and VCE test simulator, Killexams.com stands as a proven leader. Explore their demo questions and try their test simulator to experience firsthand why Killexams.com is the preferred choice for certification preparation.

Which is the best practice tests website?
Yes, Killexams is fully legit and fully trustworthy. There are several includes that makes killexams.com authentic and legitimized. It provides up to date and fully valid test questions made up of real exams questions and answers. Price is nominal as compared to almost all services on internet. The Braindumps are updated on typical basis having most exact questions. Killexams account set up and device delivery is rather fast. Submit downloading is normally unlimited and also fast. Help support is avaiable via Livechat and Email address. These are the features that makes killexams.com a strong website that supply test prep with real exams questions.



Is killexams.com test material dependable?
Many websites claim to provide real test Questions, Braindumps, Practice Test, Study Guides, and cheat sheets, but most of them are simple re-sellers offering outdated content. Killexams.com stands out in 2025 as the leading platform that truly understands the challenges candidates face when wasting time on obsolete materials from free PDF sites or reseller sources. That is why Killexams.com regularly updates its MCQs to match the latest Real test Questions. Every question in the Killexams.com MCQs is reliable, verified, and kept up-to-date by certified professionals who monitor daily test updates.

If you want to pass your test quickly while also improving your knowledge of the latest syllabus topics, they strongly recommend downloading the PDF MCQs, test Questions and VCE test from Killexams.com. Preparing with these resources ensures that you are ready for the real exam. When you upgrade to the Premium Version, simply register at Killexams.com — you will receive your Username and Password within 5 to 10 minutes by email. All future updates to MCQs are automatically included in your account, and you can get the updated files as many times as needed without restrictions.

To make your preparation even more effective, Killexams.com provides Test Engine Software. This tool allows you to practice with Real test Questions, track your progress, and take unlimited practice tests. The more you practice, the faster and more confident you become. Once you consistently achieve 100% marks with the complete pool of updated questions, you will be fully prepared to take the real test at the Exam Center and achieve success.




AACE-DRMP examcollection | Javascript-Developer-I pdf test | 5V0-31.22 VCE test | RDMS-PS mock questions | AACE-CCP test questions | 5V0-23.20 Free PDF | ONCC-BMTCN Latest courses | CEMAP-1 pdf questions | GAFM-COL pdf get | BL0-200 mock test | GAFM-RIA questions answers | GAFM-CGSP online coaching | C2010-068 free study guide | CIMAPRA17-BA2-1-ENG PDF get | USMLE Braindumps | H12-261 question bank | Florida-Property-and-Casualty test prep | GAFM-CLP past exams | PHNA-BC laACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS | GAFM-CLA free pdf dumps |


NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction premium pdf
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Test Prep
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test syllabus
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Question Bank
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction learn
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Real test Questions
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction questions
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction information hunger
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction cheat sheet
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test cram
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction practice tests
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Questions and Answers
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test syllabus
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction study help
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction PDF download
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction PDF download
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Test Prep
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test help
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction book
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Question Bank
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Test Prep
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction answers
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction tricks
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction PDF questions
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction practice tests
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test prep
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Questions and Answers
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction Questions and Answers
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test questions
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction PDF Questions
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test contents
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction book
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction testing
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction PDF questions
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction study tips
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction certification
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction study tips
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction PDF download
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction test success
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction guide
NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction - NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Construction outline

Other NCEES MCQs and Practice Test


NCEES-PE-Civil-Geotechnical practice exam | NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction past exams | NCEES-PE-Civil-Transportation Latest Questions | NCEES-PE-Civil-WRE pdf download | NCEES-PE-Electrical-and-Computer training material | NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural Practice Test | NCEES-FE-Electrical-and-Computer free pdf | NCEES-FE online exam |


Best MCQs and VCE test You Ever Experienced


GAFM-MESG real ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS | CDMP study material | SAFe-LPM demo questions | NCIDQ-IDFX test Questions | GAFM-CCCP test prep | ICYB previous questions | FBAP_002 practice questions | CPCE practice exam | P3OF dumps download | WCA-101 free questions | CMSRN questions answers | GAFM-CMIoTS PDF Download | RDMS-AB practice test | CDCS-001 test cram | PDII questions and answers | INBDE demo test questions | AMPP-O-CAT test Cram | RDMS-FE real questions | CTAL-TM-001 training material | Industries-CPQ-Developer ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS |





References :





Similar Websites :
Pass4sure Certification test Practice Tests
Pass4Sure Certification Question Bank






Direct Download

NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Reviews by Customers

Customer Reviews help to evaluate the exam performance in real test. Here all the reviews, reputation, success stories and ripoff reports provided.

NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Reviews

100% Valid and Up to Date NCEES-PE-Civil-Construction Exam Questions

We hereby announce with the collaboration of world's leader in Certification Exam Dumps and Real Exam Questions with Practice Tests that, we offer Real Exam Questions of thousands of Certification Exams Free PDF with up to date VCE exam simulator Software.

Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug