Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : PL-200
Exam Name : Microsoft Power Platform Functional Consultant
Vendor Name : Microsoft
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Exam ID : PL-200

Exam Name : Microsoft Power Platform Functional Consultant



Candidates for this test perform discovery, capture requirements, engage subject matter experts and stakeholders, translate requirements, and configure Power Platform solutions and apps. They create application enhancements, custom user experiences, system integrations, data conversions, custom process automation, and custom visualizations.



Candidates implement the design provided by and in collaboration with a solution architect and the standards, branding, and artifacts established by User Experience Designers. They design integrations to provide seamless integration with third party applications and services.



Candidates actively collaborate with quality assurance team members to ensure that solutions meet functional and non-functional requirements. They identify, generate, and deliver artifacts for packaging and deployment to DevOps engineers, and provide operations and maintenance training to Power Platform administrators.



Power Platform Functional Consultants should be familiar with Dynamics 365 model-driven applications and should have experience using the Power Platform components to extend and customize Dynamics 365 model-driven applications.



Configure the Common Data Service (25-30%)

Create apps by using Power Apps (20-25%)

Create and manage Power Automate (15-20%)

Implement Power Virtual Agents chatbots (10-15%)

Integrate Power Apps with other apps and services (15-20%)



Configure the Common Data Service (25-30%)

Manage an existing data model

 assign a type for an entity including standard, activity, or virtual

 configure entity ownership

 create new entities or modify existing entities

 determine which type of relationship to implement including 1: N and N: N

 configure entity relationship behaviors including cascading rules

 create new relationships or modify existing relationships

 create new fields or modify existing fields

 create alternate keys for entities

 configure entity properties

Create and manage processes

 define requirements for business rules

 define and implement business rule logic

 define the scope for business rules

 configure and test business rules

 configure a synchronous classic workflow

Configure Common Data Service settings

 configure Relevance Search

 configure auditing

 perform data management tasks

 configure duplicate detection settings

Configure security settings

 create and manage business units

 create and manage security roles

 create and manage users and teams

 create and manage field security profiles

 configure hierarchy security

Create apps by using Power Apps (20-25%)

Create model-driven apps

 create and configure forms

 create and configure views

 create and configure charts

 create and configure dashboards

 configure site maps

 select applicable assets for an app including entities, forms, views, business process

flows, dashboards, and charts

 share a model-drive app

Create canvas apps

 create a canvas app

 configure the Common Data Service as a data source for an app

 create canvas app screens

 implement form navigation, formulas, variables and collections, and error handling

 build reusable components and component libraries

 configure offline capabilities for apps

 run Power Automate flows based on actions that occur in a canvas app

 interpret App Checker results and resolve identified issues

 test, monitor, and share apps

Create portal apps

 create a portal app

 expose Common Data Service data

 configure portal web pages, forms, and navigation

 configure portal security including web roles and page access

Create and manage Power Automate (15-20%)

Create flows

 describe types of flows and flow components

 trigger a flow by using Common Data Service connectors

 run actions by using the Common Data Service connector

 implement logic control

 implement dynamic content and expressions

 interpret and act on Flow Checker results

 activate and deactivate flows

 interpret flow analytic data

Create and manage business process flows

 configure a business process flow

 add business rules, workflows, and action steps to a business process flow

 define stages and steps

 configure parallel branches

 manage the business process flow entity for a business process flow

Build UI flows

 describe types of UI flows

 identify use cases for UI flows

 differentiate between attended and unattended UI flows

 record business process tasks

Implement Power Virtual Agents chatbots (10-15%)

Create chatbot

 assign a chatbot to an environment

 publish a chatbot

 share a chatbot

 add chatbots to Teams and other channels

 monitor and diagnose bot performance, usage, and syllabu usage

Configure Topics

 define syllabu conversation triggers

 create questions, messages, and conditions

 extract Topics from a web page

 implement greetings, escalations, error messages, and statuses

 call a Power Automate flow to run an action

Configure entities

 create custom entities

 implement entities in conversations

 implement variables to store data

Integrate Power Apps with other apps and services (15-20%)

Integrate Power BI with Power Apps

 create Power BI visualizations

 create data flows and schedule data flow runs

 filter data

 build reports and dashboards

 publish and share reports and dashboards

 add Power BI tiles to model-driven apps and canvas app

 add canvas apps to a Power BI dashboard

 trigger Power Automate flows from Power BI alerts

Implement AI Builder

 determine which AI Builder model type to use

 create an AI Builder model

 prepare source data for use by models

 train, test, and publish a model

 consume a model by using Power Apps

 consume a model by using Power Automate

Integrate Power Apps with Microsoft 365

 add apps to Microsoft Teams

 create a Teams app from a Power Apps app

 configure app policies

 create a Teams channel by using Power Automate

 configure and use Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel templates

Implement Power Virtual Agents chatbots (10-15%)

Create chatbot

 assign a chatbot to an environment

 publish a chatbot

 share a chatbot

 add chatbots to Teams and other channels

 monitor and diagnose bot performance, usage, and syllabu usage

Configure Topics

 define syllabu conversation triggers

 create questions, messages, and conditions

 extract Topics from a web page

 implement greetings, escalations, error messages, and statuses

 call a Power Automate flow to run an action

Configure entities

 create custom entities

 implement entities in conversations

 implement variables to store data

Integrate Power Apps with other apps and services (15-20%)

Integrate Power BI with Power Apps

 create Power BI visualizations

 create data flows and schedule data flow runs

 filter data

 build reports and dashboards

 publish and share reports and dashboards

 add Power BI tiles to model-driven apps and canvas apps

 add canvas apps to a Power BI dashboard

 trigger Power Automate flows from Power BI alerts

Implement AI Builder

 determine which AI Builder model type to use

 create an AI Builder model

 prepare source data for use by models

 train, test, and publish a model

 consume a model by using Power Apps

 consume a model by using Power Automate

Integrate Power Apps with Microsoft 365

 add apps to Microsoft Teams

 create a Teams app from a Power Apps app

 create an app directly in Teams

 configure app policies

 create a Teams channel by using Power Automate

 configure and use Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel templates



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug