Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

Wo erhalte ich vollständige Informationen über PfMP?

Nachfolgend finden Sie alle Details zu Übungstests, Dumps und aktuellen Fragen der PfMP: Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Prüfung.

2023 Updated Actual PfMP questions as experienced in Test Center

Aktuelle PfMP Fragen aus echten Tests von Killexams.com - easy finanz | easyfinanz

PfMP Test Prep - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) | https://www.easyfinanz.cc/

PMI PfMP : Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS

Exam Dumps Organized by Lee



Latest 2023 Updated PMI Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Syllabus
PfMP ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS / Braindumps contains genuine test Questions

Practice Tests and Free VCE Software - Questions Updated on Daily Basis
Big Discount / Cheapest price & 100% Pass Guarantee




PfMP Exam Center Questions : Download 100% Free PfMP ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS (PDF and VCE)

Exam Number : PfMP
Exam Name : Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP)
Vendor Name : PMI
Update : Click Here to Check Latest Update
Question Bank : Check Questions

Download links for Free test PDF to pass PfMP exam
Our PfMP boot camp are collected by their special braindumps team. Many candidates get confused with the vast number of sites available. They recommend downloading their free PfMP cheat sheet, testing the quality of the braindumps, and then deciding to purchase the full version that includes the complete PfMP dumps questions and VCE test simulator.

To pass the PMI PfMP exam, simply memorizing the coursebook isn't enough. At killexams.com, they aim to clear your ideas about the PfMP course blueprint, syllabus, and goals, and help you learn about the tricky scenarios and questions that may be asked in the real PfMP exam. You can start by downloading their free PfMP PDF demo questions and memorizing through them. If you're satisfied, you can register to obtain the full version of PfMP PDF Download at a discounted price. Once you've downloaded it, you can also install the PfMP VCE test simulator on your computer, and practice PfMP braindumps regularly with it.

If you're on the go, you can obtain the PfMP PDF Dumps PDF on any mobile device or computer to read and memorize the real PfMP questions during your free time. Keep practicing with the VCE test system until you're confident enough to take the real PfMP test. Their PfMP PDF Dumps is available in two arrangements: PfMP PDF file and PfMP VCE test simulator. You can read the PDF on any device and even print PfMP braindumps to make your own book. Their pass rate is high at 98.9%, and the equivalence rate between their PfMP study guide and the real test is 98%. With killexams.com, you can pass the PMI PfMP test quickly and effectively in just one attempt.








PfMP test Format | PfMP Course Contents | PfMP Course Outline | PfMP test Syllabus | PfMP test Objectives


Title: Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP)

Test Detail:
The PfMP (Portfolio Management Professional) certification is offered by the Project Management Institute (PMI) and is designed for professionals who specialize in portfolio management. It validates the knowledge and skills required to manage and align an organization's portfolio of projects and programs with strategic objectives. The PfMP certification demonstrates expertise in portfolio governance, strategic planning, and stakeholder management.

Course Outline:
The PfMP certification program covers a comprehensive range of courses related to portfolio management. The course provides participants with a thorough understanding of portfolio management principles, processes, and best practices. The following is a general outline of the key areas covered in the PfMP certification program:

1. Portfolio Management Overview:
- Portfolio management definition and concepts
- Role of portfolio managers
- Portfolio governance and decision-making
- Portfolio management processes and frameworks
- Organizational and environmental considerations

2. Strategic Alignment:
- Strategic planning and alignment
- Linking portfolio management to organizational strategy
- Benefits realization and value delivery
- Portfolio risk management
- Portfolio performance measurement and reporting

3. Portfolio Governance:
- Portfolio governance framework and structures
- Portfolio oversight and steering committees
- Portfolio prioritization and selection
- Resource management and capacity planning
- Stakeholder engagement and communication

4. Portfolio Risk and Change Management:
- Risk management in portfolio management
- Change management in portfolio management
- Portfolio optimization and scenario analysis
- Managing portfolio dependencies and interdependencies
- Portfolio balancing and trade-off analysis

5. Portfolio Performance and Reporting:
- Key performance indicators (KPIs) in portfolio management
- Portfolio dashboards and reporting
- Portfolio reviews and audits
- Portfolio maturity and continuous improvement
- Benefits realization and lessons learned

Exam Objectives:
The PfMP certification test assesses candidates' understanding of portfolio management principles, processes, and practices. The test objectives include, but are not limited to:

1. Demonstrating knowledge of portfolio management concepts and frameworks.
2. Aligning portfolio management with strategic objectives and organizational priorities.
3. Implementing portfolio governance structures and decision-making processes.
4. Managing portfolio risks, change, and resource allocation.
5. Monitoring and measuring portfolio performance and benefits realization.
6. Engaging stakeholders and communicating effectively in portfolio management.

Syllabus:
The PfMP certification program typically spans a multi-day training course or self-paced online learning modules. The syllabus provides a breakdown of the courses covered throughout the course, including specific learning objectives and milestones. The syllabus may include the following components:

- Introduction to Portfolio Management
- Portfolio Management Processes and Frameworks
- Strategic Alignment and Value Delivery
- Portfolio Governance and Decision-Making
- Risk and Change Management in Portfolio Management
- Portfolio Performance Measurement and Reporting
- Stakeholder Engagement and Communication
- test Preparation and Mock Tests
- Final PfMP Certification Exam



Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Feedback


No cheaper source of PfMP Questions and Answers found yet.
I had limited time to prepare for the PfMP test and needed a clear and effective guide urgently. After an extensive search, I discovered the question and answers provided by killexams.com, which made my day. The short and pointed answers helped me grasp the courses quickly, and I was able to secure excellent marks in the exam. The material was also easy to memorize, and I am impressed and satisfied with my outcome.


Much less effort, fantastic expertise, assured success.
I took the PfMP test in Romania and scored 98% thanks to killexams.com. Their brain dump was exactly what I needed to prepare for the exam. I encountered every question in the test from their brain dump, which is fantastic. I highly recommend killexams.com to anyone who is preparing for the PfMP exam.


I saw all PfMP Questions in dumps that I saw in real exam.
I almost gave up on the PfMP test because I lacked confidence in passing it. With just a week left, I decided to switch to killexams.com braindumps for my test preparation. The subjects that I had been avoiding became much more amusing to me, and the clear and concise approach of the killexams.com material made studying much easier. With the help of the killexams.com Questions and Answers, I was assured that I could pass my exam, and I did so with flying colors.


Exam questions are changed, where can i find new questions and answers?
I never thought I would pass the PfMP exam, but killexams.com's Internet services and study material proved to be a great help. I passed the test on my first attempt and told my friends about my great experience. They too started using killexams.com for their PfMP schooling and found it outstanding. It was a fantastic experience, and I thank killexams.com for it.


Here are hints & hints with dumps to certify PfMP test with high scores.
I am delighted to hear that these PfMP Questions and Answers helped you pass your test and achieve your dream certification. I understand how challenging it can be to make time for studying, and it's great to hear that the convenient format and test simulator made test preparation more manageable for you.


PMI (PfMP) test Questions

 

Best Project Management Certifications

Project management certifications have claimed a place in every top IT certification list for years. That’s because project managers are important to IT operations of all kinds. Whether you are interested in becoming an IT project manager or just want to add project management to your list of soft skills, these five leading certifications will help you add to or boost those skills and, in turn, increase your value.

If there’s a single set of soft skills that’s been fixed on the IT radar for the past decade or so, to the point where it’s become almost as sought after and every bit as valuable as top-level credentials, it must be project management. Thanks in large part to the immensely popular and widely pursued Project Management Professional (PMP) certification from the Project Management Institute (PMI), this area has become an incredibly valuable merit badge for IT professionals of all stripes. That’s because it enhances and expands on the value of just about any other kind of technical credential.

Project management has everything to do with planning, scheduling, budgeting for, and then executing and reporting on projects of all shapes and sizes. In fact, anything and everything that IT does can be understood or handled as a project of some kind. It applies to one-of-a-kind activities that happen only once or very seldom (think hardware or OS upgrades or migrating from older to newer platforms or infrastructures). Ditto for a recurring series of activities that repeat regularly (think security patches, software updates or other regular maintenance tasks). Thus, project management is incredibly important and valuable to IT operations across the board.

According to PMI’s Earning Power: Project Management Salary Survey, 10th Edition [pdf], IT professionals who hold a PMP report median base annual salaries in the U.S. of almost $116,000. The top 25 percent of survey respondents report base salaries of at least $139,000. Depending on such factors as complexity and size of projects, location, fields of expertise (e.g., IT, construction or healthcare), and experience, salaries for some PMP credential holders can be much higher still.

Robert Half’s Technology & IT 2019 Salary Guide lists project management as a hot certification, with salaries varying slightly by technology area. It cites a salary range of $93,000 to $157,500 for project managers in application development environments. Project managers engaged in consulting and system integration roles can expect to earn $96,250 to $163,500 nationwide. This explains nicely why PMP appears in nearly every top 10 list of popular, targeted or most desirable certifications since the early 2000s. It’s no surprise that Robert Half also lists the PMP credential, along with Agile and Scrum certifications, as “highly valued technology certifications” trending up in the IT industry.

To supply you an idea of which project management credentials employers look for in prospective candidates, they conducted a quick survey on some popular job boards. Clearly, the PMP is the overall favorite and remains their No. 1 pick for must-have project management certifications. PMI’s entry-level project management credential, the CAPM, also made their top five. The CSM from Scrum Alliance, along with ASQ’s Certified Six Sigma Black Belt and Green Belt credentials, round out those picks. It’s also worth noting that job postings for project managers increased by 20 percent from 2018 across all project management certifications.

Job board survey results (in alphabetical order, by certification) Certification SimplyHired Indeed LinkedIn Jobs LinkUp.com Total CAPM (Project Management Institute) 593 718 1,187 381 2,879 CSM (Scrum Alliance) 3,550 4,916 9,286 3,052 20,804 CSSBB (ASQ) 998 1,231 1,817 848 4,864 CSSGB (ASQ) 1,205 1,457 1,966 842 5,470 PMP (Project Management Institute) 13,683 18,311 28,064 9,096 69,154 CAPM: Certified Associate in Project Management CAPM: Certified Associate in Project Management

The same organization behind the more senior Project Management Professional (PMP) credential also backs the Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM). In fact, the CAPM is properly considered a steppingstone credential for those who wish to attain PMP status by stages, rather than in a single giant leap. That’s why PMI describes the CAPM as a “valuable entry-level certification for project practitioners” that is “designed for those with little or no project experience.”

The PMP requires three to five years of documented on-the-job project management experience, depending on the educational background of each applicant. On the other hand, the CAPM requires only a high school diploma and either 1,500 hours of documented on-the-job experience (about nine months of full-time work) or 23 hours of project management classroom training prior to taking the exam. The education prerequisite can be met by completing PMI’s Project Management Basics online course which costs $350 for PMI members and $400 for non-members.

Nor does the CAPM require continuing education (which PMI calls PDUs, or professional development units) as does the PMP (60 PDUs every three years) to maintain this credential. To recertify, CAPM holders must retake the test once every five years.

The CAPM is one of a small set of entry-level project management certifications (including the CompTIA Project+) that IT professionals interested in project management might choose to pursue. Remember, though, that it is just a steppingstone to the PMP.

Unless you work in a large organization where a project management team is in place that includes junior as well as senior positions, the CAPM by itself is unlikely to provide a ticket to a project management job. However, it’s ideal for IT professionals for whom project management is a part-time job role or who want to grow into full-time project management.

CAPM facts and figures Certification name Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) Prerequisites/required courses High school diploma, associate’s degree or global equivalent, plus 1,500 hours of project management experience or 23 hours of project management education

Certification valid for five years; candidates must retake test to maintain credential.

Number of exams One (150 questions; 15 questions are unscored; three hours to complete) Cost per exam Computer- or paper-based exams:

PMI member: $225 (retake $150)

Nonmember: $300 (retake $200)

Exam available in online proctored or center-based test (CBT) formats.

Exam administered by Pearson VUE.

URL www.pmi.org/Certification/Certified-Associate-in-Project-Management-CAPM.aspx Self-study materials PMI maintains a list of self-study materials on its test guidance webpage, including the test Content Outline [pdf], demo test questions [pdf] and the CAPM Handbook [pdf].

Numerous books are available, including:

A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition; Sept. 22, 2017; Project Management Institute; ISBN-10: 1628251840; ISBN-13: 978-1628251845 (available for free obtain to PMI members)

CAPM test Prep, Third Edition, by Rita Mulcahy, Sept. 2013, RMC Publications, ISBN-10: 1932735720, ISBN-13: 978-1932735727

CAPM/PMP Project Management Certification All-in-One test Guide, Fourth Edition, by Joseph Phillips; April 23, 2018; McGraw-Hill Education; ISBN-10: 1259861627; ISBN-13: 978-1259861628

CSM: Certified ScrumMaster

As companies seek to deliver more for less, many adopt Agile methodologies to streamline processes, build quality into products and ensure that final builds meet customer requirements. As Agile methodologies have become more popular, it’s no surprise that they see increased demand for IT practitioners qualified to manage projects in Agile environments.

While different Scrum master certifications are available, their pick is the Certified ScrumMaster (CSM) from the Scrum Alliance. This nonprofit encourages adoption of Scrum and Agile practices, promotes user groups and learning events, and provides resources for professional development. The organization boasts more than 500,000 certified practitioners worldwide.

The Scrum Alliance provides a support system for Scrum practitioners, including Scrum Gatherings, user groups, virtual communications, coaching, online training and much more. In addition to community and advocacy activities, the Scrum Alliance offers numerous Scrum-related certifications at the foundation, advanced, professional, elevated (guide) and leadership levels. Scrum Alliance certifications are designed for team members engaged in Scrum master, product owners and developer roles. The Scrum master and product owner tracks offer credentials at the foundation, advanced and professional levels which the developer track only offers a foundation and professional level cert.

  • Scrum Master Track: Certified ScrumMaster (CSM), Advanced Certified ScrumMaster (A-CSM), and Certified Scrum Professional – Scrum Master (CSP-SM)
  • Product Owner Track: Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO) Advanced Certified Scrum Product Owner (A-CSPO) and Certified Scrum Professional – Product Owner (CSP-PO)
  • Developer Track: Certified Scrum Developer (CSD) and Certified Scrum Professional (CSP)
  • Elevated or guide credentials: Certified Scrum Trainer (CST), Certified Team Coach (CTC) and Certified Enterprise Coach (CEC)
  • Agile Leadership: The Scrum Alliance also offers the Certified Agile Leadership (CAL) program, a credential based on a combination of education and validated practice. There are two credentials – the Certified Agile Leadership I and Certified Agile Leadership II.
  • For project managers getting started as Scrum practitioners, the CSM makes an excellent entry-level credential. Not only must candidates demonstrate an understanding of Scrum principles and values, but they’ll learn how to implement and apply Scrum in practice. The Scrum Alliance provides CSMs with multiple resources, plus checklists and information about the servant-leader role of the Scrum master.

    Certified ScrumMaster facts and figures CSSBB: Certified Six Sigma Black Belt

    Globally recognized, ASQ certifications attest to candidate expertise, mastery of industry and regulation standards, and mastery of the ASQ Body of Knowledge. Currently, ASQ offers 18 credentials, three of which specifically target project management: the Certified Six Sigma Black Belt (CSSBB) (expert level), the Six Sigma Green Belt (CSSGB) (professional level) and the Six Sigma Yellow Belt (CSSYB) (entry level).

    The Certified Six Sigma Black Belt is ASQ’s highest Six Sigma credential. The CSSBB aims at experienced practitioners who understand Six Sigma methodologies (including the DMAIC model), tools, systems and philosophies. CSSBBs can lead teams or manage team dynamics, roles and responsibilities.

    The path to CSSBB certification is rigorous. In addition to passing a comprehensive exam, candidates must complete two projects that employ Six Sigma tools and processes, resulting in project improvement and a positive financial project impact. An affidavit is also required to attest to the veracity of the project. Alternatively, candidates with at least three years of experience in one or more of the Six Sigma Body of Knowledge areas need only complete one Black Belt project.

    CSSBB candidates are expected to demonstrate mastery of the ASQ Black Belt Body of Knowledge, called standards:

  • Organization-wide Planning and Deployment (organization-wide considerations, leadership)
  • Organization Process Management and Measures (impact on stakeholders, benchmarking, business measures)
  • Team Management (team formation, facilitation, dynamics, training)
  • Define (voice of the customer, business case and project charter, project management tools, analytical tools)
  • Measure (process characteristics, data collection, measurement systems, basic statistics, probability, process capability)
  • Analyze (measuring and modeling relationships between variables, hypothesis testing, failure mode and effects analysis, other analysis methods)
  • Improve (design of experiments, lean methods, implementation)
  • Control (statistical process control and other controls, maintain controls, sustain improvements)
  • Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) Framework and Methodologies (common DFSS methodologies, design for DVX, robust designs)
  • The CSSBB is valid for three years. To recertify, candidates must earn 18 recertification units or retake the exam.

    CSSBB facts and figures Certification name Certified Six Sigma Black Belt (CSSBB) Prerequisites/required courses Two completed projects with signed project affidavit, or one completed project with signed affidavit plus three years of experience in one or more areas of the Six Sigma Body of Knowledge Number of exams One: computer-based (165 questions, 4.5 hours) or paper-based (150 questions, 4 hours) Cost per exam $438 members, $538 nonmembers (retakes $338)

    Exams administered by Prometric.

    URL https://asq.org/cert/six-sigma-black-belt Self-study materials ASQ maintains a comprehensive list of test prep materials, including training opportunities, question banks, interactive demo exams, books and other recommended references. CSSGB: Certified Six Sigma Green Belt

    The Certified Six Sigma Green Belt (CSSGB) by ASQ is a professional-level credential targeting experienced Six Sigma practitioners. Often, a CSSGB works under the direction of the more senior CSSBB or as an assistant. CSSGBs identify issues and drive quality and process improvements in projects.

    To earn the credential, candidates should have at least three years of experience working with Six Sigma processes, systems and tools. The work experience must have been full time and compensated; an unpaid internship, for example, doesn’t count. In addition, work performed must have been in at least one of the Six Sigma Green Belt Body of Knowledge competency areas.

    In addition to work experience, candidates must pass an test that tests their knowledge of the Six Sigma Green Belt Body of Knowledge. Currently, the Green Belt Body of Knowledge includes six competency areas:

  • Overview: Six Sigma and the Organization (organizational goals, lean principles, design methodologies)
  • Define Phase (project identification, customer voice, project management basics, management and planning tools, project business results, team dynamics and performance)
  • Measurement Phase (process analysis and documentation, probability and statistics, statistical distributions, data collection, measurement system analysis, process and performance capability)
  • Analyze Phase (exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing)
  • Improve Phase (design of experiments, root cause analysis, lean tools)
  • Control Phase (statistical process control, control plan, lean tools for process control)
  • Overall, this is an excellent credential for those who have some experience but are not quite ready to take on the roles and responsibilities of a Black Belt.

    CSSGB facts and figures Certification name Certified Six Sigma Green Belt (CSSGB) Prerequisites/required courses Three years of experience in one or more of the Six Sigma Green Belt Body of Knowledge areas

    Experience must be a full-time paid position (internships do not meet the experience requirement)

    Number of exams One: computer-based (110 questions, 4.5 hours) or paper-based (100 questions, 4 hours) Cost per exam $338 members, $438 nonmembers; retakes cost $238

    Exams administered by Prometric.

    URL https://asq.org/cert/six-sigma-green-belt Self-study materials ASQ maintains a comprehensive list of test prep materials, including training opportunities, question banks, interactive demo exams, books and other recommended references. PMP: Project Management Professional

    The Project Management Institute (PMI) not only stands behind its Project Management Professional certification, it works with academia and training companies to ensure proper coverage and currency in the various curricula that support this and other PMI credentials. Boasting more than 500,000 global members and 750,000 PMP certified professionals around the world, PMI’s PMP remains one of the most prestigious project management credentials available. (Note: The PMP’s precursor, the CAPM, is covered in an earlier section of this article.)

    That’s why you can obtain college- and university-based PMP training from so many institutions. It’s also why you may sometimes find PMP coverage integrated into certain degree programs (often at the master’s degree level).

    The PMP credential is coveted by employers seeking the most highly skilled project management professionals. Developed by project managers, the PMP certification is the highest level offered in PMI certifications. It is designed to ensure that credential-holders possess the skills and qualifications necessary to successfully manage all phases of a project, including initiating, planning, scheduling, controlling and monitoring, and closing out the project.

    PMP certified projects managers are also well versed and skilled in managing all aspects of the triple constraints – time, cost and scope. Employers depend on the skills of PMP professionals to manage budgets, track costs, manage scope creep, identify how changes to the triple constraints may introduce risk into the project, and minimize such risk to protect the project investment.

    The standards for PMP certification are rigorous. Beyond passing a comprehensive exam, credential holders must first demonstrate and certify that they have the skills and education necessary to succeed in the project management field. Credential seekers should be ready to provide documentation for items such as education, projects worked on and hours spent in each of the five project management stages – initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing out the project.

    While it’s difficult to achieve, the rewards for PMP credential holders can be significant. According to PMI’s Earning Power: Project Management Salary Survey, 10th Edition, PMPs in the U.S. earn an average of 23 percent more than their non-credentialed counterparts. The survey reports median salaries of PMPs in the United States at $115,000, as opposed to $92,000 for non-PMP certified project managers.

    For those interested in program management or wishing to specialize in a project management area, PMI offers several interesting additional credentials:

    The PMP remains a nonpareil certification for IT and other professionals whose responsibilities encompass project management. It is the standard against which all other project management credentials are judged.

    It should be noted that, after meeting the prerequisites, candidates are also required to pass a rigorous exam. Candidates must obtain an eligibility ID from PMI before they can register for the exam.

    PMP facts and figures Certification name Project Management Professional (PMP) Prerequisites/required Courses Required courses: None

    Prerequisite skills: Four-year degree, 4,500 hours in leading and directing projects, and 35 hours of project management education

    OR

    Secondary degree (high school diploma, associate’s degree or equivalent), 7,500 hours leading and directing projects, and 35 hours of project management education

    Note: Credential holders must earn 60 professional development units (PDUs) per each three-year cycle to maintain certification.

    Number of exams One (200 questions, 4 hours) Cost per exam Paper* and computer-based exams:

    PMI member: $405 (retake $275)

    Nonmember: $555 (retake $375)

    *Paper-based test only available if candidates lives more than 150 miles from testing center or if testing center is not available in the country of residence and travel would provide an undue burden.

    Exam administered by Prometric. Eligibility ID from PMI required to register.

    URL www.pmi.org/Certification/Project-Management-Professional-PMP.aspx Self-study materials PMI maintains a list of training resources on the PMP test guidance webpage, including links to demo questions, the PMP test Content Outline [pdf] and the PMP Handbook [pdf]. Additional training materials (quizzes, publications, books, practice guides and more) are available from the PMI Store.

    Numerous books are available, including:

    Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition; Sept. 22, 2017; Project Management Institute; ISBN-10: 1628251840; ISBN-13: 978-1628251845 (available for free obtain to PMI members)

    PMP test Prep: Accelerated Learning to Pass the Project Management Professional (PMP) Exam, Ninth Edition, by Rita Mulcahy; Feb. 1, 2018; RMC Publications Inc.; ISBN-10: 1943704040; ISBN-13: 978-143704040

    CAPM/PMP Project Management Certification All-in-One test Guide, Fourth Edition, by Joseph Phillips; April 23, 2018; McGraw-Hill Education; ISBN-10: 1259861627; ISBN-13: 978-1259861628

    Practice exams: PMP test practice test and Study Guide, Ninth Edition, by J. LeRoy Ward and Ginger Levin; June 28, 2018; Auerbach Publications, ISBN-10: 1138440299; ISBN-13: 978-1138440299

    Beyond the top 5: More project management certifications

    Project management is truly a white-hot area for both certification seekers and employers. Several other project management certifications are available, for general IT project management as well as software development project management.

    Honorable mention goes to the Global Association for Quality Management (GAQM) project management certifications, such as the Professional in Project Management, Associate in Project Management and Certified Project Director. The Prince2 Foundation and Practitioner qualifications (featured in the 2017 top-five list) are also excellent credentials and worth honorable mention.

    The CompTIA Project+ credential (featured in the 2017 top-five list and honorable mention in 2018) remains a well-known entry-level project management certification for those starting their project management careers. ASQ’s Certified Six Sigma Yellow Belt (CSSYB) is another entry-level credential worth exploring, particularly if you’re interested in eventually moving up to the more senior Green and Black Belt credentials.

    Most graduate business, management and management information systems (MIS) programs offer project management training to students, and some offer certificate programs outside the project management organizations as well.

    You’ll also find training and occasional certification around various project management tool sets. For example, some Microsoft Learning Partners offer courses on Microsoft Project, and you can find a dizzying array of project management packages on Wikipedia’s comparison of project management software page.

    The CAPM and Project+ remain the best-known entry-level project management certifications, with the PMP as the primary professional target and capstone for would-be professional IT project managers. Don’t forget to consider PMI’s related certifications as well. For project managers seeking entry into the realm of Scrum, the CSM is the best entry-level cert for Scrum practitioners.


    CAPM vs PMP Certification: Which is Right for You?

    Managers gathered in conference roomProject management is one of the fastest-growing professions, with an estimated 25 million jobs expected to be created around the world by 2030. To fill these roles, businesses across industries are seeking new project managers with the qualifications and expertise necessary to make a positive impact in their organizations.The Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)® and Project Management Professional (PMP)® are both specialized credentials offered through the Project Management Institute (PMI)® that Boost credibility and offer professionals opportunities to increase their skills, lead larger projects and advance their careers.

    In order to choose the certification that best aligns with your intended career goals, it is critical to understand the differences between CAPM and PMP certification. These differences include prerequisites, cost, level of difficulty and industry-wide perception of the credentials.

    Because those planning to earn CAPM certification are not required to have project management experience or a four-year degree, the CAPM is ideal for latest community college graduates or current undergraduates who want to bolster their resume with a credential that demonstrates a commitment to a career in project management.

    While the CAPM is ideal for people beginning their careers, there are some additional prerequisites, including that candidates must complete 23 contact hours before taking the exam. Contact hours are hours spent in project management education or training. These hours can be completed on site or online, enabling candidates to fulfill this requirement without putting their professional, educational or personal obligations on hold. Some universities may also offer project management education at this level as a part of a degree program.

  • A secondary degree (high school diploma, associate degree or the global equivalent)
  • 60 months of experience leading and directing projects within the past eight years
  • 35 hours of project management education/training or CAPM certification
  • OR

  • A four-year degree
  • 36 months of leading and directing projects within the past eight years
  • 35 hours of project management education/training or CAPM certification
  • While the PMP certification does not require a bachelor’s degree, job candidates who hold a four-year degree have a significant advantage. PMP candidates with a secondary degree must have 60 months of experience in leading and directing projects to qualify, while those with a four-year degree are only required to have 36 months of experience.
  • In addition, the PMP certification requires 35 hours of project management education, compared to the CAPM’s 23-hour minimum requirement. Purdue’s flexible online Project Management Essentials course fulfills the hourly requirement of both certifications.
  • CAPM vs. PMP Certification test Cost

    Professionals who pursue project management certification are making a valuable, long-term investment in their careers. Part of that investment does include test fees.

    The PMI requires a fee for both exams, with the cost of the CAPM test at $225 for PMI members and $300 for non-members. The cost of the PMP test is $405 for PMI members and $575 for non-members. See the table below for a quick comparison.

    PMI members Non-members CAPM test cost $225 $300 PMP test cost $405 $575

    A one-year membership to the PMI is $139 and comes with many tools and templates for your professional use, including a downloadable copy of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide).

    Many companies offer professional development benefits that may cover employee education and professional credentialing costs. According to a 2022 survey by the Society for Human Resources, 78% of employers cover opportunities for professional skill development.

    How Difficult Are the CAPM and PMP Certification Exams?

    Because the CAPM is geared toward entry-level project managers or those who are considering a project management career, the CAPM test is widely considered to be less rigorous than the PMP exam.

    The CAPM test questions are derived from the PMBOK® Guide, PMI’s global standards for project management, as well as other sources, which are listed (with the relevant chapters) in the CAPM test reference list.

    The PMP certification exam, on the other hand, is appropriate for individuals of varying experience levels — from those early in their career to established professionals with more significant project management experience — and is therefore more challenging to achieve.

    Like the CAPM, the PMP test also covers the PMBOK® Guide, but it also includes questions designed to test whether the candidate knows how to handle real-world project management scenarios.

    To pass the PMP Exam, PMI not only recommends studying the PMBOK® Guide, the PMP test Content Outline and the PMP handbook, but also enrolling in a formal course of study offered by a PMI Authorized Training Partner (ATP), such as Purdue University.

    CAPM test Details

    The CAPM test consists of 150 questions that call for multiple-choice, hot spot and drag-and-drop responses, in addition to animations and comic strips. The test questions cover four domains to integrate different project delivery approaches, with a specific proportion of questions in each.

    CAPM Domain Proportion of test Questions Project Management Fundamentals and Core Concepts 36% Predictive, Plan-Based Methodologies 17% Agile Frameworks/Methodologies 20% Business Analysis Frameworks 27%

    Candidates have three hours to complete the test, with a 10-minute break in the middle.

    PMP test Details

    The PMP test consists of 180 questions that fall under three domains in predetermined proportions. About half of the questions represent predictive project management approaches, while the other half represent agile or hybrid approaches. Questions regarding these different approaches are spread throughout the domains.

    PMP Domain Proportion of test Questions People: includes managing conflict; building and leading a team; supporting team members and stakeholders; and collaboration 42% Process: includes communication, risk management, scope and schedule planning/management and project methodology selection 50% Business Environment: includes managing project compliance, assessing project value and integrating organizational change 8%

    Candidates have 230 minutes to complete the exam, with two 10-minute breaks.

    CAPM vs. PMP Certification: Industry-Wide Benefits

    Considering that the CAPM certification is more affordable and requires less experience than PMP certification, project managers may ask themselves, “Why would I pursue PMP certification?” The answer is simple: The PMP is the most significant, industry-recognized certification for project managers worldwide.

    PMPs work in a wide range of industries in almost every country. Many employers require PMP certification when hiring project managers because PMPs have demonstrated the knowledge and skills necessary to lead complex projects and direct project teams.

    PMPs bring value to their organizations while advancing their own careers. Project managers with a PMP certification earn a 22% higher median salary than those without a PMP certification, according to PMI’s Earning Power Salary Survey.

    While CAPM certification isn’t as widely recognized as PMP certification, it demonstrates knowledge of PMI’s project management framework and project management processes, which can certainly benefit candidates when applying for jobs. In addition, CAPM-certified employees have a working knowledge of the PMBOK® Guide, which can serve as an excellent first step to eventually pursue PMP certification.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Is it possible to convert a CAPM to a PMP?Converting to PMP certification is not an option. However, CAPM certification meets the PMP test requirement for 35 hours of project management education/training, so you can achieve PMP certification faster.

    How much experience do you need for CAPM certification?CAPM certification does not require any professional experience, making it an attractive credential for latest graduates as well as anyone seeking to begin a career in project management. However, it does require a minimum of 23 contact hours of project management education.

    How much experience do you need for PMP certification?The experience needed to qualify for the PMP test and go on to earn PMP certification is based on previous education:

  • Professionals with a four-year degree must have a minimum of three years (36 months) of non-overlapping project management experience, during which at least 4,500 hours were spent leading and directing project tasks and activities.
  • Professionals without a four-year degree must have a minimum of five years (60 months) of non-overlapping project management experience, during which at least 7,500 hours were spent leading and directing project tasks and activities.
  • The experience requirements must have been accumulated within the past eight years.

    Do I have to be a PMI member to earn CAPM certification?PMI membership is not required to take the CAPM test or earn certification, but members do receive a discount on the test fee ($60 for PMI members, down from $150 for non-members), as well as other benefits.

    Do I have to be a PMI member to earn PMP certification?No, it is not necessary to become a PMI member to earn PMP certification, though members do have a reduced test fee ($60 for PMI members, down from $150 for non-members) among other benefits.

    How long does it take to process the CAPM application? How long does it take to process the PMP application?According to the PMI, applications take about five to ten days to process.

    Do I need to renew my CAPM certification or my PMP certification?Yes, both the CAPM certification and the PMP certification require a renewal every three years.

  • Professionals with CAPM certification need to pay a renewal fee ($60 for PMI members, $150 for non-members) plus earn 15 professional development units (PDUs) over the three-year cycle in order to maintain their status. These PDUs are broken down into nine PMI Talent Triangle PDUs and six Giving Back PDUs.
  • Those who have a PMP certification will need to pay a renewal fee ($60 for PMI members, $150 for non-members) plus earn 60 PDUs over the three-year cycle to maintain their status. PMP professionals have some choice in how they distribute their required PDUs; visit the PMI’s requirements page for more information.
  • Purdue University’s Online Project Management Courses

    Professionals who participate in Purdue University’s online project management courses can gain a wealth of field knowledge, solid foundational skills, and exceedingly effective preparation for the PMP test in order to obtain a project management certificate. Course materials and activities align closely with A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) to help learners retain project management knowledge and apply it to their current projects.

    Project Management EssentialsThis 100% online, instructor-led course runs for eight weeks and allows working professionals to gain familiarity with basic project management concepts and terms.

    Participants are empowered to begin effectively applying their newly acquired knowledge and skills to current projects and earn project management hours that can help qualify them to take the PMP exam.

    Experienced PME instructors engage participants in a range of learning activities, including directed study of the PMBOK® Guide; online discussions; recorded lectures; quizzes and self-tests; and written assignments. The instructors also welcome the opportunity to coach interested learners on an individual basis via email or scheduled phone appointment.

    PMP test PreparationPMP test Preparation is a live, virtual course based on the PMBOK® Guide. Enrollment includes 90-day access to all course material, which is 100% aligned to the Project Management Institute’s PMP® test Prep content.

    Participants get an in-depth review of some of the most challenging learning material on the test and learn how to build a personal study plan.

    This course is for project managers who have a minimum of three years’ experience and prior knowledge of the PMBOK® Guide.

    Project Management Professional, PMP, CAPM, and PMBOK are registered marks of the Project Management Institute, Inc.

    Request Information

    To learn more about Purdue University’s online Project Management courses and obtain a free brochure, fill out this form. You can also email us at PMonline@purdue.edu or call us at (888) 390-0499 to speak to one of their program advisors.

    * All Fields are Required. Your Privacy is Protected.

    Purdue University respects your right to privacy. By submitting this form, you consent to receive emails and calls from a representative of Purdue University, which may include the use of automated technology. Consent is needed to contact you, but is not a requirement to register or enroll.

      Are you enrolling from outside the U.S.? Click Here.

    SourcesProject Management Institute. 2020. “PMI® Certifications.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/certifications/generic-certification-handbook-sixteen-translations.pdf

    Project Management Institute. 2023. “PMI® Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM®) test Content Outline.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/certifications/capm20ecofinal.pdf

    Project Management Institute. 2021. “Project Management Professional (PMP®) test Content Outline.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/certifications/pmp-examination-content-outline.pdf

    Project Management Institute. 2021. “Talent Gap: Ten-Year Employment Trends, Costs, and Global Implications.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/learning/career-central/talent-gap-report-2021-finalfinal.pdf

    Society for Human Resources. 2022. “Employee Benefits Survey: Executive Summary.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://shrm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1654193525/Membership%202022/Employee_Benefits_Survey_-_Executive_Summary_-_FINAL.pdf


    Best No-Exam Life Insurance Of August 2023

    Calculate How Much Life Insurance You Need

    A no-exam life insurance policy may not be able to provide the full coverage amount you need, especially if you’re looking to cover many working years or the years of raising a family.

    Before you start getting life insurance quotes, calculate how much life insurance you need. A no-exam policy alone may not be able to provide sufficient coverage.

    Assess Your Chances Before You Apply

    Getting life insurance without a long application process is appealing, but don’t jump into a no-exam life insurance application without understanding your chances of getting approved. Many no-exam policies require very good or excellent health for approval. A denial goes on your insurance record and could hinder future applications.

    Don’t be surprised if you end up doing a more traditional application process, including a life insurance medical test if you’ve had some health issues.

    Look Beyond the Cost

    Of course you don’t want to overpay for life insurance, but research more than cost. There are coverage options that can be very valuable long after you buy the policy, such as the option to convert term life to permanent life insurance. Also, look at whether there’s an accelerated death benefit, which gives you access to money from your own death benefit if you become terminally ill.

    Be Truthful On the Application

    No matter what type of life insurance you’re applying for, be thorough and truthful on the application.

    “Pay attention to each question carefully and be ready to respond with information around specific medical conditions you have. Giving more detailed information will help streamline the process as well as get a more accurate underwriting decision,” says Tavan of Legal & General America.

    Intentional misrepresentations can lead to application denials or, worse, denial of a claim after you pass away. Life insurance companies have many ways to verify application information. Technology on the backend allows them to verify data from additional sources.

    Have a Plan in Case of a Rejection

    If the company rejects you for no-exam life insurance because of your health, don’t supply up your life insurance search. If you need life insurance, you likely have other routes.

  • Be prepared to go through a more traditional underwriting process that involves a life insurance medical exam.
  • Work with an experienced life insurance agent who can identify insurers known to be more friendly to your specific health conditions.
  • An experienced life insurance agent can shop around your application anonymously so that you don’t risk another rejection.
  • Looking for traditional term life insurance? See Forbes Advisor’s ratings of the best term life insurance.


     


    Whilst it is very hard task to choose reliable test Questions and Answers resources regarding review, reputation and validity because people get ripoff due to choosing incorrect service. Killexams make it sure to provide its clients far better to their resources with respect to ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS update and validity. Most of other peoples ripoff report complaint clients come to us for the brain dumps and pass their exams enjoyably and easily. They never compromise on their review, reputation and quality because killexams review, killexams reputation and killexams client self confidence is important to all of us. Specially they manage killexams.com review, killexams.com reputation, killexams.com ripoff report complaint, killexams.com trust, killexams.com validity, killexams.com report and killexams scam. If perhaps you see any bogus report posted by their competitor with the name killexams ripoff report complaint internet, killexams.com ripoff report, killexams.com scam, killexams.com complaint or something like this, just keep in mind that there are always bad people damaging reputation of good services due to their benefits. There are a large number of satisfied customers that pass their exams using killexams.com brain dumps, killexams PDF questions, killexams practice questions, killexams test simulator. Visit their test questions and demo brain dumps, their test simulator and you will definitely know that killexams.com is the best brain dumps site.

    Which is the best dumps website?
    Absolutely yes, Killexams is practically legit together with fully trustworthy. There are several includes that makes killexams.com real and legitimate. It provides up to par and practically valid ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS that contain real exams questions and answers. Price is minimal as compared to most of the services online. The Questions and Answers are modified on normal basis together with most latest brain dumps. Killexams account structure and product or service delivery is really fast. Computer file downloading will be unlimited and incredibly fast. Assistance is avaiable via Livechat and Email. These are the characteristics that makes killexams.com a sturdy website that include ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS with real exams questions.



    Is killexams.com test material dependable?
    There are several Questions and Answers provider in the market claiming that they provide genuine test Questions, Braindumps, Practice Tests, Study Guides, cheat sheet and many other names, but most of them are re-sellers that do not update their contents frequently. Killexams.com is best website of Year 2023 that understands the issue candidates face when they spend their time studying obsolete contents taken from free pdf obtain sites or reseller sites. Thats why killexams.com update test Questions and Answers with the same frequency as they are updated in Real Test. ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS provided by killexams.com are Reliable, Up-to-date and validated by Certified Professionals. They maintain dumps questions of valid Questions that is kept up-to-date by checking update on daily basis.

    If you want to Pass your test Fast with improvement in your knowledge about latest course contents and courses of new syllabus, They recommend to obtain PDF test Questions from killexams.com and get ready for genuine exam. When you feel that you should register for Premium Version, Just choose visit killexams.com and register, you will receive your Username/Password in your Email within 5 to 10 minutes. All the future updates and changes in Questions and Answers will be provided in your obtain Account. You can obtain Premium ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS files as many times as you want, There is no limit.

    Killexams.com has provided VCE practice test Software to Practice your test by Taking Test Frequently. It asks the Real test Questions and Marks Your Progress. You can take test as many times as you want. There is no limit. It will make your test prep very fast and effective. When you start getting 100% Marks with complete Pool of Questions, you will be ready to take genuine Test. Go register for Test in Exam Center and Enjoy your Success.




    AZ-400 braindumps | Google-AVA braindumps | WPT-R model question | E20-598 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS | S10-300 practice questions | SDM-2002001030 test questions | DES-1D12 Latest Questions | SBAC pass marks | OG0-093 Free PDF | Google-IQ practice test | CGFNS practice test | LFCS Questions and Answers | Servicenow-PR000370 practice test | SD0-101 PDF obtain | CSWIP pass test | 2B0-101 examcollection | CRT-271 free test papers | NCPT free pdf obtain | CIMAPRA19-P03-1-ENG practice test | JN0-349 test Braindumps |


    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Free PDF
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) dumps
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) test prep
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Dumps
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) test
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) certification
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) test format
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) genuine Questions
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Free PDF
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) test syllabus
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) PDF Download
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) dumps
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Real test Questions
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) boot camp
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) cheat sheet
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) information source
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Practice Questions
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) braindumps
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) braindumps
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) teaching
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Study Guide
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) cheat sheet
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) guide
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) syllabus
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) course outline
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) learning
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) test Braindumps
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) book
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) techniques
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) learning
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) PDF Braindumps
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) guide
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) teaching
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) information source
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) certification
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) answers
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Latest Topics
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) information hunger
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) PDF Questions
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Free test PDF
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) techniques
    PfMP - Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) testing

    Other PMI ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS


    PMI-100 prep questions | PMI-002 bootcamp | CAPM demo test questions | PgMP free pdf | CCE-CCC past bar exams | PMI-001 free pdf | PMI-PBA questions answers | PMI-RMP ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS | PfMP Dumps | PMP-Bundle online exam | PMI-SP Practice Questions | PMI-200 real questions | PMP boot camp | PPM-001 download | PMBOK-5th free online test | PMI-ACP study guide |


    Best ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS You Ever Experienced


    ARA01 braindumps | EUCOC test prep | CIA-III practice questions | Google-PCE Cheatsheet | NCCT-ICS real questions | 300-410 real questions | CRA free pdf | HPE2-T37 pass exam | CCP dumps questions | 920-220 PDF Download | ANCC-MSN model question | CIMAPRO17-BA2-X1-ENG boot camp | PEGACPBA86V1 free practice tests | 050-v71-CASECURID02 demo test | 3V0-752 test preparation | BEC free test papers | Adwords-Search training material | ISEB-BA1 brain dumps | DEA-1TT5 test results | DHORT practice exam |





    References :





    Similar Websites :
    Pass4sure Certification ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
    Pass4Sure test Questions and Dumps






    Direct Download

    PfMP Reviews by Customers

    Customer Reviews help to evaluate the exam performance in real test. Here all the reviews, reputation, success stories and ripoff reports provided.

    PfMP Reviews

    100% Valid and Up to Date PfMP Exam Questions

    We hereby announce with the collaboration of world's leader in Certification Exam Dumps and Real Exam Questions with Practice Tests that, we offer Real Exam Questions of thousands of Certification Exams Free PDF with up to date VCE exam simulator Software.

    Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

    Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

    Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

    Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

    Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

    Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

    Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

    Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

    Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

    Höhere Gewalt

    Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

    Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

    Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

    Technisches Versagen

    Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

    Kriminelle Ursachen

    Hackerangriffe

    Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

    Physischer Angriff

    Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

    Erpressung

    Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

    Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

    Cyber-Kosten:

    • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
    • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
    • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
    • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

    Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

    • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
    • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
    • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
    • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
    • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
    • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
    • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

    Cyber-Eigenschäden:

    • Betriebsunterbrechung
    • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
    • Mehrkosten
    • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
    • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
    • Cyber-Erpressung
    • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
    • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
    • Cyber-Betrug