Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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PMI PgMP : PgMP ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS

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PgMP test Format | PgMP Course Contents | PgMP Course Outline | PgMP test Syllabus | PgMP test Objectives


I. Strategic Program Management (11 tasks) 15%

II. Program Life Cycle (35 tasks) 44%

- Initiating (6 tasks) 6%

- Planning (9 tasks) 11%

- Executing (9 tasks) 14%

- Controlling (6 tasks) 10%

- Closing (5 tasks) 3%

III. Benefits Management (8 tasks) 11%

IV. Stakeholder Management (7 tasks) 16%

V. Governance (11 tasks) 14%



Task 1

Perform an initial program test by defining the program objectives, requirements, and risks in order to ensure program
alignment with the organizations strategic plan, objectives, priorities, vision, and mission statement.


Task 2

Establish a high-level road map with milestones and preliminary estimates in order to obtain initial validation and approval from the executive sponsor.



Task 3

Define the high-level road map/framework in order to set a baseline for program definition, planning, and execution.
Task 4 Define the program mission statement by evaluating the stakeholders concerns and expectations in order to establish program direction.



Task 5

Evaluate the organizations capability by consulting with organizational leaders in order to develop, validate, and assess the
program objectives, priority, feasibility, readiness, and alignment to the organizations strategic plan.



Task 6

Identify organizational benefits for the potential program using research methods such as market analysis and high-level cost-benefit analysis in order to develop the preliminary program scope and define benefits realization plan.



Task 7

Estimate the high level financial and nonfinancial benefits of the program in order to obtain/maintain funding authorization and drive prioritization of projects within the program.



Task 8

Evaluate program objectives relative to regulatory and legal constraints, social impacts, sustainability, cultural considerations, political climate, and ethical concerns in order to ensure stakeholder alignment and program deliverability.



Task 9

Obtain organizational leadership approval for the program by presenting the program charter with its high-level costs, milestone
schedule and benefits in order to receive authorization to initiate the program.



Task 10

Identify and evaluate integration opportunities and needs (for example, human capital and human resource requirements and skill sets, facilities, finance, assets, processes, and systems) within program activities and operational activities in order to align and integrate benefits within or across the organization.



Knowledge specific to Domain 1

(*Indicates knowledge is found in one other domain, shown in parentheses)

 Business strategy

 Business/organization objectives* (V)

 Economic forecasting

 Feasibility analysis

 Financial measurement and management techniques

 Funding models

 Funding processes

 Intellectual property laws and guidelines

 Legal and regulatory requirements

 Marketing

 Portfolio management

 Program and constituent project charter development* (II)

 Program mission and vision

 Public relations* (IV)

 Requirement analysis techniques

 Scenario analysis

 Strategic planning and analysis* (II)

 System implementation models and methodologies

 Trend analysis



Task 1 Develop program charter using input from all stakeholders, including
sponsors, in order to initiate and design program and benefits.


Task 2 Translate strategic objectives into high-level program scope
statements by negotiating with stakeholders, including sponsors, in
order to create a program scope description.


Task 3 Develop a high-level milestone plan using the goals and objectives of
the program, applicable historical information, and other available
resources (for example, work breakdown structure (WBS), scope
statements, benefits realization plan) in order to align the program with
the expectations of stakeholders, including sponsors.


Task 4 Develop an accountability matrix by identifying and assigning program
roles and responsibilities in order to build the core team and to
differentiate between the program and project resources.


Task 5 Define standard measurement criteria for success for all constituent
projects by analyzing stakeholder expectations and requirements
across the constituent projects in order to monitor and control the
program.


Task 6 Conduct program kick-off with key stakeholders by holding meetings
in order to familiarize the organization with the program and obtain
stakeholder buy-in.


Task 7 Develop a detailed program scope statement by incorporating program
vision and all internal and external objectives, goals, influences, and
variables in order to facilitate overall planning.


Task 8 Develop program WBS in order to determine, plan, and assign the
program tasks and deliverables.


Task 9 Establish the program management plan and schedule by integrating
plans for constituent projects and creating plans for supporting
program functions (for example, quality, risk, communication,
resources) in order to effectively forecast, monitor, and identify
variances during program execution.


Task 10 Optimize the program management plan by identifying, reviewing, and
leveling resource requirements (for example, human resources,
materials, equipment, facilities, finance) in order to gain efficiencies
and maximize productivity/synergies among constituent projects.


Task 11 Define project management information system (PMIS) by selecting
tools and processes to share knowledge, intellectual property, and
documentation across constituent projects in order to maximize
synergies and savings in accordance with the governance model.


Task 12 Identify and manage unresolved project-level issues by establishing a
monitoring and escalation mechanism and selecting a course of action
consistent with program constraints and objectives in order to achieve
program benefits.


Task 13 Develop the transition/integration/closure plan by defining exit criteria
in order to ensure all administrative, commercial, and contractual
obligations are met upon program completion.


Task 14 Develop key performance indicators (KPIs) by using decomposition/
mapping/ balanced score card (BSC) in order to implement scope and
quality management system within program.


Task 15 Monitor key human resources for program and project roles, including
subcontractors, and identify opportunities to Excellerate team motivation
(for example, develop compensation, incentive, and career alignment
plans) and negotiate contracts in order to meet and/or exceed benefits
realization objectives.


Task 16 Charter and initiate constituent projects by assigning project
managers and allocating appropriate resources in order to achieve
program objectives.


Task 17 Establish consistency by deploying uniform standards, resources,
infrastructure, tools, and processes in order to enable informed
program decision making.


Task 18 Establish a communication feedback process in order to capture
lessons learned and the teams experiences throughout the program.


Task 19 Lead human resource functions by training, coaching, mentoring, and
recognizing the team in order to Excellerate team engagement and
achieve commitment to the programs goals.


Task 20 Review project managers performance in executing the project in
accordance with the project plan in order to maximize their
contribution to achieving program goals.


Task 21 Execute the appropriate program management plans (for example,
quality, risk, communication, resourcing) using the tools identified in
the planning phase and by auditing the results in order to ensure the
program outcomes meet stakeholder expectations and standards.


Task 22 Consolidate project and program data using predefined program plan
reporting tools and methods in order to monitor and control the
program performance and communicate to stakeholders.


Task 23 Evaluate the programs status in order to monitor and control the
program while maintaining current program information.


Task 24 Approve closure of constituent projects upon completion of defined
deliverables in order to ensure scope is compliant with the functional
overview.


Task 25 Analyze variances and trends in costs, schedule, quality, and risks by
comparing actual and forecast to planned values in order to identify
corrective actions or opportunities.


Task 26 Update program plans by incorporating corrective actions to ensure
program resources are employed effectively in order to meet program
objectives.


Task 27 Manage program level issues (for example, human resource
management, financial, technology, scheduling) by identifying and
selecting a course of action consistent with program scope,
constraints, and objectives in order to achieve program benefits.


Task 28 Manage changes in accordance with the change management plan in
order to control scope, quality, schedule, cost, contracts, risks, and
rewards.


Task 29 Conduct impact exams for program changes and recommend
decisions in order to obtain approval in accordance with the
governance model.


Task 30 Manage risk in accordance with the risk management plan in order to
ensure benefits realization.


Task 31 Complete a program performance analysis report by comparing final
values to planned values for scope, quality, cost, schedule, and
resource data in order to determine program performance.


Task 32 Obtain stakeholder approval for program closure in order to initiate
close-out activities.


Task 33 Execute the transition and/or close-out of all program and constituent
project plans (for example, perform administrative and PMIS program
closure, archive program documents and lessons learned, and transfer
ongoing activities to functional organization) in order to meet program
objectives and/or ongoing operational sustainability.


Task 34 Conduct the post-review meeting by presenting the program
performance report in order to obtain feedback and capture lessons
learned.


Task 35 Report lessons learned and best practices observed and archive to the
knowledge repository in order to support future programs and
organizational improvement


Knowledge Specific to Domain 2
(*Indicates knowledge is found in one other domain, shown in parentheses)

 Benchmarking

 Closeout plans, procedures, techniques and policies* (5)

 Decomposition techniques (for example, work breakdown structure (WBS))

 Financial closure processes* (V)

 Logistics management

 Performance and quality metrics* (III)

 Phase gate reviews* (V)

 Procurement management

 Product/service development phases

 Program and constituent project charter development* (I)

 Program and project change requests* (V)

 Program initiation plan

 Program management plans

 Quality control and management tools and techniques

 Resource estimation (human and material)

 Resource leveling techniques

 Root cause analysis

 Schedule management, techniques, and tools

 Scope management

 Service level agreements

 Statistical analysis* (V)

 Strategic planning and analysis* (I)

 SWOT analysis

 Talent evaluation

 Team competency test techniques

 Training methodologies* (IV)



Task 1 Develop the benefits realization plan and its measurement criteria in
order to set the baseline for the program and communicate to
stakeholders, including sponsors.


Task 2 Identify and capture synergies and efficiencies identified throughout
the program life cycle in order to update and communicate the
benefits realization plan to stakeholders, including sponsors.


Task 3 Develop a sustainment plan that identifies the processes, measures,
metrics, and tools necessary for management of benefits beyond the
completion of the program in order to ensure the continued realization
of intended benefits.


Task 4 Monitor the metrics (for example, by forecasting, analyzing variances,
developing “what if” scenarios and simulations, and utilizing causal
analysis) in order to take corrective actions in the program and
maintain and/or potentially Excellerate benefits realization.


Task 5 Verify that the close, transition, and integration of constituent projects
and the program meet or exceed the benefit realization criteria in order
to achieve programs strategic objectives.


Task 6 Maintain a benefit register and record program progress in order to
report the benefit to stakeholders via the communications plan.


Task 7 Analyze and update the benefits realization and sustainment plans for
uncertainty, risk identification, risk mitigation, and risk opportunity in
order to determine if corrective actions are necessary and
communicate to stakeholders.


Task 8 Develop a transition plan to operations in order to guarantee
sustainment of products and benefits delivered by the program.


Knowledge Specific to Domain III
(*Indicates knowledge is found in one other domain, shown in parentheses)

 Benefit optimization

 Business value measurement

 Decision tree analysis

 Maintenance and sustainment of program benefits post delivery

 Performance and quality metrics* (II)

 Program transition strategies



Task 1 Identify stakeholders, including sponsors, and create the stakeholder
matrix in order to document their position relative to the program.


Task 2 Perform stakeholder analysis through historical analysis, personal
experience, interviews, knowledge base, review of formal agreements
(for example, request for proposal (RFP), request for information (RFI),
contracts), and input from other sources in order to create the
stakeholder management plan.


Task 3 Negotiate the support of stakeholders, including sponsors, for the
program while setting clear expectations and acceptance criteria (for
example, KPIs) for the program benefits in order to achieve and
maintain their alignment to the program objectives.


Task 4 Generate and maintain visibility for the program and confirm
stakeholder support in order to achieve the programs strategic
objectives.


Task 5 Define and maintain communications adapted to different
stakeholders, including sponsors, in order to ensure their support for
the program.


Task 6 Evaluate risks identified by stakeholders, including sponsors, and
incorporate them in the program risk management plan, as necessary.


Task 7 Develop and foster relationships with stakeholders, including
sponsors, in order to Excellerate communication and enhance their
support for the program.


Knowledge Specific to Domain IV

(*Indicates knowledge is found in one other domain, shown in parentheses)

 Customer relationship management

 Customer satisfaction measurement

 Expectation management

 Public relations* (I)

 Training methodologies* (II)



Task 1 Develop program and project management standards and structure
(governance, tools, finance, and reporting) using industry best
practices and organizational standards in order to drive efficiency and
consistency among projects and deliver program objectives.


Task 2 Select a governance model structure including policies, procedures,
and standards that conforms program practices with the
organizations governance structure in order to deliver program
objectives consistent with organizational governance requirements.


Task 3 Obtain authorization(s) and approval(s) through stage gate reviews by
presenting the program status to governance authorities in order to
proceed to the next phase of the program.


Task 4 Evaluate key performance indicators (for example, risks, financials,
compliance, quality, safety, stakeholder satisfaction) in order to
monitor benefits throughout the program life cycle.


Task 5 Develop and/or utilize the program management information system),
and integrate different processes as needed, in order to manage
program information and communicate status to stakeholders.


Task 6 Regularly evaluate new and existing risks that impact strategic
objectives in order to present an updated risk management plan to the
governance board for approval.


Task 7 Establish escalation policies and procedures in order to ensure risks
are handled at the appropriate level.


Task 8 Develop and/or contribute to an information repository containing
program-related lessons learned, processes, and documentation
contributions in order to support organizational best practices.


Task 9 Identify and apply lessons learned in order to support and influence
existing and future program or organizational improvement.


Task 10 Monitor the business environment, program functionality
requirements, and benefits realization in order to ensure the program
remains aligned with strategic objectives.


Task 11 Develop and support the program integration management plan in
order to ensure operational alignment with program strategic
objectives.




Knowledge Specific to Domain V

(*Indicates knowledge is found in one other domain, shown in parentheses)

 Archiving tools and techniques

 Business/organization objectives* (I)

 Closeout plans, procedures, techniques and policies* (II)

 Composition and responsibilities of the program management office (PMO)

 Financial closure processes* (II)

 Go/no-go decision criteria

 Governance models

 Governance processes and procedures

 Metrics definition and measurement techniques

 Performance analysis and reporting techniques (for example, earned value analysis (EVA))

 Phase gate reviews* (II)

 Program and project change requests* (II)

 Statistical analysis* (II)



Benefits measurement and analysis techniques

 Brainstorming techniques

 Budget processes and procedures

 Business environment

 Business ethics

 Business models, structure, and organization

 Change management

 Coaching and mentoring techniques

 Collaboration tools and techniques

 Communication tools and techniques

 Conflict resolution techniques

 Contingency planning

 Contract negotiation/administration

 Contract types

 Cost-benefit techniques

 Cost management

 Cultural diversity/distinctions

 Data analysis/data mining

 Decision-making techniques

 Emotional intelligence

 Human resource management

 Impact test techniques

 Industry and market knowledge

 Information privacy

 Knowledge management

 Leadership theories and techniques

 Management techniques

 Motivational techniques

 Negotiation strategies and techniques

 Organization strategic plan and vision

 Performance management techniques (for example, cost and time, performance against objectives)

Planning theory, techniques, and procedures

 PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct

 Presentation tools and techniques

 Problem-solving tools and techniques

 Project Management Information Systems (PMIS)

 Reporting tools and techniques

 Risk analysis techniques

 Risk management

 Risk mitigation and opportunities strategies

 Safety standards and procedures

 Social responsibility

 Succession planning

 Sustainability and environmental issues

 Team development and dynamics Active listening

 Analytical thinking

 Capacity planning

 Communicating

 Critical thinking

 Customer centricity/client focus

 Distilling and synthesizing requirements

 Employee engagement

 Executive-level presentation

 Facilitation

 Innovative thinking

 Interpersonal interaction and relationship management

 Interviewing

 Leveraging opportunities

 Managing expectations

 Managing virtual/multicultural/remote/global teams

 Maximizing resources/achieving synergies

 Negotiating/persuading/influencing

 Prioritizing

 Problem solving

 Stakeholder analysis and management

 Time management

 Vendor management



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Timothy Porter is an Army veteran of 10 years. He achieved the rank of Sergeant First Class within 7 years. After being involved in a bomb explosion, Porter was medically retired and began pursuing his passion: technology. In 2009, after teaching himself how to develop mobile apps, Appddiction Studio was formed. In 2011, Appddiction Studio was nationally recognized by the USA Network Channel. Porter was one of their USA Character Unite Award winners for developing an award-winning anti-bullying App for schools. Appddiction Studio has developed well over 200 commercial mobile apps and has become a leader in Enterprise transformations focusing on Agile and the SAFe Framework.

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CAPM vs PMP Certification: Which is Right for You?

Managers gathered in conference roomProject management is one of the fastest-growing professions, with an estimated 25 million jobs expected to be created around the world by 2030. To fill these roles, businesses across industries are seeking new project managers with the qualifications and expertise necessary to make a positive impact in their organizations.The Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)® and Project Management Professional (PMP)® are both specialized credentials offered through the Project Management Institute (PMI)® that Excellerate credibility and offer professionals opportunities to increase their skills, lead larger projects and advance their careers.

In order to choose the certification that best aligns with your intended career goals, it is critical to understand the differences between CAPM and PMP certification. These differences include prerequisites, cost, level of difficulty and industry-wide perception of the credentials.

Because those planning to earn CAPM certification are not required to have project management experience or a four-year degree, the CAPM is ideal for recent community college graduates or current undergraduates who want to bolster their resume with a credential that demonstrates a commitment to a career in project management.

While the CAPM is ideal for people beginning their careers, there are some additional prerequisites, including that candidates must complete 23 contact hours before taking the exam. Contact hours are hours spent in project management education or training. These hours can be completed on site or online, enabling candidates to fulfill this requirement without putting their professional, educational or personal obligations on hold. Some universities may also offer project management education at this level as a part of a degree program.

  • A secondary degree (high school diploma, associate degree or the global equivalent)
  • 60 months of experience leading and directing projects within the past eight years
  • 35 hours of project management education/training or CAPM certification
  • OR

  • A four-year degree
  • 36 months of leading and directing projects within the past eight years
  • 35 hours of project management education/training or CAPM certification
  • While the PMP certification does not require a bachelor’s degree, job candidates who hold a four-year degree have a significant advantage. PMP candidates with a secondary degree must have 60 months of experience in leading and directing projects to qualify, while those with a four-year degree are only required to have 36 months of experience.
  • In addition, the PMP certification requires 35 hours of project management education, compared to the CAPM’s 23-hour minimum requirement. Purdue’s flexible online Project Management Essentials course fulfills the hourly requirement of both certifications.
  • CAPM vs. PMP Certification test Cost

    Professionals who pursue project management certification are making a valuable, long-term investment in their careers. Part of that investment does include test fees.

    The PMI requires a fee for both exams, with the cost of the CAPM test at $225 for PMI members and $300 for non-members. The cost of the PMP test is $405 for PMI members and $575 for non-members. See the table below for a quick comparison.

    PMI members Non-members CAPM test cost $225 $300 PMP test cost $405 $575

    A one-year membership to the PMI is $139 and comes with many tools and templates for your professional use, including a downloadable copy of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide).

    Many companies offer professional development benefits that may cover employee education and professional credentialing costs. According to a 2022 survey by the Society for Human Resources, 78% of employers cover opportunities for professional skill development.

    How Difficult Are the CAPM and PMP Certification Exams?

    Because the CAPM is geared toward entry-level project managers or those who are considering a project management career, the CAPM test is widely considered to be less rigorous than the PMP exam.

    The CAPM test questions are derived from the PMBOK® Guide, PMI’s global standards for project management, as well as other sources, which are listed (with the relevant chapters) in the CAPM test reference list.

    The PMP certification exam, on the other hand, is appropriate for individuals of varying experience levels — from those early in their career to established professionals with more significant project management experience — and is therefore more challenging to achieve.

    Like the CAPM, the PMP test also covers the PMBOK® Guide, but it also includes questions designed to test whether the candidate knows how to handle real-world project management scenarios.

    To pass the PMP Exam, PMI not only recommends studying the PMBOK® Guide, the PMP test Content Outline and the PMP handbook, but also enrolling in a formal course of study offered by a PMI Authorized Training Partner (ATP), such as Purdue University.

    CAPM test Details

    The CAPM test consists of 150 questions that call for multiple-choice, hot spot and drag-and-drop responses, in addition to animations and comic strips. The test questions cover four domains to integrate different project delivery approaches, with a specific proportion of questions in each.

    CAPM Domain Proportion of test Questions Project Management Fundamentals and Core Concepts 36% Predictive, Plan-Based Methodologies 17% Agile Frameworks/Methodologies 20% Business Analysis Frameworks 27%

    Candidates have three hours to complete the test, with a 10-minute break in the middle.

    PMP test Details

    The PMP test consists of 180 questions that fall under three domains in predetermined proportions. About half of the questions represent predictive project management approaches, while the other half represent agile or hybrid approaches. Questions regarding these different approaches are spread throughout the domains.

    PMP Domain Proportion of test Questions People: includes managing conflict; building and leading a team; supporting team members and stakeholders; and collaboration 42% Process: includes communication, risk management, scope and schedule planning/management and project methodology selection 50% Business Environment: includes managing project compliance, assessing project value and integrating organizational change 8%

    Candidates have 230 minutes to complete the exam, with two 10-minute breaks.

    CAPM vs. PMP Certification: Industry-Wide Benefits

    Considering that the CAPM certification is more affordable and requires less experience than PMP certification, project managers may ask themselves, “Why would I pursue PMP certification?” The answer is simple: The PMP is the most significant, industry-recognized certification for project managers worldwide.

    PMPs work in a wide range of industries in almost every country. Many employers require PMP certification when hiring project managers because PMPs have demonstrated the knowledge and skills necessary to lead complex projects and direct project teams.

    PMPs bring value to their organizations while advancing their own careers. Project managers with a PMP certification earn a 22% higher median salary than those without a PMP certification, according to PMI’s Earning Power Salary Survey.

    While CAPM certification isn’t as widely recognized as PMP certification, it demonstrates knowledge of PMI’s project management framework and project management processes, which can certainly benefit candidates when applying for jobs. In addition, CAPM-certified employees have a working knowledge of the PMBOK® Guide, which can serve as an excellent first step to eventually pursue PMP certification.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Is it possible to convert a CAPM to a PMP?Converting to PMP certification is not an option. However, CAPM certification meets the PMP test requirement for 35 hours of project management education/training, so you can achieve PMP certification faster.

    How much experience do you need for CAPM certification?CAPM certification does not require any professional experience, making it an attractive credential for recent graduates as well as anyone seeking to begin a career in project management. However, it does require a minimum of 23 contact hours of project management education.

    How much experience do you need for PMP certification?The experience needed to qualify for the PMP test and go on to earn PMP certification is based on previous education:

  • Professionals with a four-year degree must have a minimum of three years (36 months) of non-overlapping project management experience, during which at least 4,500 hours were spent leading and directing project tasks and activities.
  • Professionals without a four-year degree must have a minimum of five years (60 months) of non-overlapping project management experience, during which at least 7,500 hours were spent leading and directing project tasks and activities.
  • The experience requirements must have been accumulated within the past eight years.

    Do I have to be a PMI member to earn CAPM certification?PMI membership is not required to take the CAPM test or earn certification, but members do receive a discount on the test fee ($60 for PMI members, down from $150 for non-members), as well as other benefits.

    Do I have to be a PMI member to earn PMP certification?No, it is not necessary to become a PMI member to earn PMP certification, though members do have a reduced test fee ($60 for PMI members, down from $150 for non-members) among other benefits.

    How long does it take to process the CAPM application? How long does it take to process the PMP application?According to the PMI, applications take about five to ten days to process.

    Do I need to renew my CAPM certification or my PMP certification?Yes, both the CAPM certification and the PMP certification require a renewal every three years.

  • Professionals with CAPM certification need to pay a renewal fee ($60 for PMI members, $150 for non-members) plus earn 15 professional development units (PDUs) over the three-year cycle in order to maintain their status. These PDUs are broken down into nine PMI Talent Triangle PDUs and six Giving Back PDUs.
  • Those who have a PMP certification will need to pay a renewal fee ($60 for PMI members, $150 for non-members) plus earn 60 PDUs over the three-year cycle to maintain their status. PMP professionals have some choice in how they distribute their required PDUs; visit the PMI’s requirements page for more information.
  • Purdue University’s Online Project Management Courses

    Professionals who participate in Purdue University’s online project management courses can gain a wealth of field knowledge, solid foundational skills, and exceedingly effective preparation for the PMP test in order to obtain a project management certificate. Course materials and activities align closely with A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) to help learners retain project management knowledge and apply it to their current projects.

    Project Management EssentialsThis 100% online, instructor-led course runs for eight weeks and allows working professionals to gain familiarity with basic project management concepts and terms.

    Participants are empowered to begin effectively applying their newly acquired knowledge and skills to current projects and earn project management hours that can help qualify them to take the PMP exam.

    Experienced PME instructors engage participants in a range of learning activities, including directed study of the PMBOK® Guide; online discussions; recorded lectures; quizzes and self-tests; and written assignments. The instructors also welcome the opportunity to coach interested learners on an individual basis via email or scheduled phone appointment.

    PMP test PreparationPMP test Preparation is a live, virtual course based on the PMBOK® Guide. Enrollment includes 90-day access to all course material, which is 100% aligned to the Project Management Institute’s PMP® test Prep content.

    Participants get an in-depth review of some of the most challenging learning material on the test and learn how to build a personal study plan.

    This course is for project managers who have a minimum of three years’ experience and prior knowledge of the PMBOK® Guide.

    Project Management Professional, PMP, CAPM, and PMBOK are registered marks of the Project Management Institute, Inc.

    Request Information

    To learn more about Purdue University’s online Project Management courses and obtain a free brochure, fill out this form. You can also email us at PMonline@purdue.edu or call us at (888) 390-0499 to speak to one of their program advisors.

    * All Fields are Required. Your Privacy is Protected.

    Purdue University respects your right to privacy. By submitting this form, you consent to receive emails and calls from a representative of Purdue University, which may include the use of automated technology. Consent is needed to contact you, but is not a requirement to register or enroll.

      Are you enrolling from outside the U.S.? Click Here.

    SourcesProject Management Institute. 2020. “PMI® Certifications.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/certifications/generic-certification-handbook-sixteen-translations.pdf

    Project Management Institute. 2023. “PMI® Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM®) test Content Outline.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/certifications/capm20ecofinal.pdf

    Project Management Institute. 2021. “Project Management Professional (PMP®) test Content Outline.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/certifications/pmp-examination-content-outline.pdf

    Project Management Institute. 2021. “Talent Gap: Ten-Year Employment Trends, Costs, and Global Implications.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/learning/career-central/talent-gap-report-2021-finalfinal.pdf

    Society for Human Resources. 2022. “Employee Benefits Survey: Executive Summary.” Accessed June 5, 2023. https://shrm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1654193525/Membership%202022/Employee_Benefits_Survey_-_Executive_Summary_-_FINAL.pdf


    Why The Test Preparation Industry May Finally Get Out Of The Classroom

    Focusing on SATs, LSATs or even the bar test seems unthinkable today as the world grapples with a global pandemic. Yet students are continuing to prepare in spite of the myriad other challenges they face during this crisis.

    The choices these students are making now will drastically change the future of the test preparation industry. That's a market predicted to reach more than $30 billion by 2021 while posting an expected 6% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) through 2024.

    As a test preparation company CEO, I'm making a bold prediction for my industry: Test preparation will never return to physical classrooms. I believe the current pandemic will finally erase all significant demand for classroom-based test prep. Here's why.

    Everything Is Changing, But Test Prep Will Change More

    As I argued in my recent Forbes article, the current, forced transition to distance learning will reveal many lasting benefits of remote education and reshape how they teach. For test preparation, however, I expect an even more drastic change. Classroom courses have irreplaceable benefits for students in some programs of study (e.g., the physical sciences). The value of any test preparation course, however, is dependent largely on just two factors: instructor quality and curriculum quality.

    Online Test Prep Means More Consistent Instruction

    Instructor consistency has long been a weakness of the test preparation industry. In 2008, before online prep was common, college admissions expert Richard Montauk wrote: "The major (LSAT prep) companies inevitably (given the huge numbers they employ) take on many instructors of less than stellar intellect…provide them with limited training and suffer from high instructor turnover."

    If you don't have classrooms, you don't have to hire subpar instructors to fill a classroom in a market where no top-notch candidates are available. While instructors whose test scores were as low as the 90th percentile or even below may be hired to teach classroom-based LSAT courses, online-first companies can afford to restrict hiring to 99th-percentile scorers (that's especially important for the LSAT, where many top law schools' lowest-scoring admittees reached the 97th percentile).

    A High-Quality Curriculum Works Anywhere

    As for curriculum quality, standardized tests are a known entity. The most drastic changes to the SAT in years had less to do with the test than with attempts to correct for intrinsic biases in testing. The LSAT may be doing away with logic games, but analytical reasoning will remain, albeit in a different form.

    The challenge, therefore, in creating an effective curriculum is twofold: First, you need to create a simple method that leads learners to correct answers, and second, you need to deliver course content in such a way that learners are able to acquire that knowledge.

    The research says, and has said for years, that online learning is as good as classroom learning and sometimes even better for knowledge acquisition. So, any high-quality test preparation curriculum should serve students as well or even better online vs. in-person.

    Market Manipulation Helped To Keep Classroom Test Preparation Afloat

    If remote test preparation is as good or better than classroom-based prep, why hasn't this transition already occurred? The answer may be that large companies don't want change. Take, for example, the massive 2007 class-action lawsuit accusing two dominant companies of illegally creating a monopoly to drive out smaller, higher-tech competitors.

    If the biggest players in any market collude to keep it from changing, change will be delayed until external factors intervene. Enter coronavirus. Industry giants will now have to scramble to catch up with online-first companies.

    The Other Side Of The Coin

    This industry shift carries with it a call to action for test prep companies to better serve their most economically vulnerable students. The New York Times found that absences increased more for poorer students following the forced transition to distance learning. Students of lower socioeconomic status own less reliable devices and lack access to broadband internet.

    If we, as an industry, shift away from the classroom and onto the internet completely, they must address these socioeconomic disparities. Otherwise, test prep will become exactly what critics claim it is: just another way for wealthy students to get an unearned leg up. Some suggestions for my peers in the test preparation industry:

    • Don't just offer scholarships — make them automatic. For students who have qualified for need-based assistance, like LSAC's fee-waiver, don't make them apply all over again. Just verify they've already qualified and then grant a scholarship.

    • Test your product offerings on low-cost devices. The Huawei P20 Lite, priced under $350, is among the world's most-used smart devices. If your course isn't usable on a cheap Android phone, it is inaccessible to much of the world.

    • Make your course work without data. What if a student's data plan is disconnected for nonpayment? Can they still use your app effectively by downloading enough course content from a Wi-Fi connection at school or work to later prep at home?

    • Provide free access to live instruction. It doesn't cost you much to offer office hours with top instructors via Zoom, but it can benefit your students enormously.

    • But don't use 'live online' as a stopgap. "Live online" requires students to log in at set times and watch instructors deliver content in real time via a webinar. By forcing students to learn at the same pace and on set schedules with limited access, this "innovation" actually shares many of the inefficiencies that plague the in-class model. Instead of this half-baked live online format, take the time to thoughtfully balance self-paced learning with free, live instructor support.

    Final Thoughts

    These are unprecedented times. In many ways more important than any standardized test score, the world has already changed for good. Both in test prep and in business in general, they must learn to adapt to a dramatically altered landscape.

    What are you doing to prepare yourself for change in your industry? If you'd like to chat about it, let's connect. Together, they are all stronger, even at a time when in-person togetherness is impossible.


     




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    Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

    Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

    Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

    Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

    Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

    Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

    Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

    Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

    Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

    Höhere Gewalt

    Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

    Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

    Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

    Technisches Versagen

    Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

    Kriminelle Ursachen

    Hackerangriffe

    Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

    Physischer Angriff

    Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

    Erpressung

    Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

    Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

    Cyber-Kosten:

    • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
    • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
    • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
    • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

    Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

    • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
    • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
    • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
    • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
    • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
    • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
    • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

    Cyber-Eigenschäden:

    • Betriebsunterbrechung
    • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
    • Mehrkosten
    • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
    • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
    • Cyber-Erpressung
    • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
    • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
    • Cyber-Betrug