Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : Platform-App-Builder
Exam Name : Salesforce Certified Platform App Builder
Vendor Name : Salesforce
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Platform-App-Builder test Format | Platform-App-Builder Course Contents | Platform-App-Builder Course Outline | Platform-App-Builder test Syllabus | Platform-App-Builder test Objectives


The Salesforce Certified Platform App Builder test has the following characteristics:

 Content: 60 multiple-choice/multiple-select questions

 Time allotted to complete the exam: 105

 Passing Score: 63%

 Registration fee: USD 200, plus applicable taxes as required per local law

 Retake fee: USD 100, plus applicable taxes as required per local law

 Delivery options: Proctored test delivered onsite at a testing center or in an online proctored environment. Click here for information on scheduling an exam.

 References: No hard-copy or online materials may be referenced during the exam.

 Prerequisites: None required; course attendance highly recommended.



ABOUT THE SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM APP BUILDER CREDENTIAL

The Salesforce Certified Platform App Builder credential is designed for individuals who
would like to demonstrate their skills and knowledge in designing, building, and deploying
custom applications using the declarative customization capabilities of the Lightning
Platform. The candidate can create, manage, and update data models, application security,
business logic, and process automation.

Here are some examples of the concepts you should understand to pass the exam:

 Design the data model, user interface, business logic, and security for custom applications

 Customize applications for mobile use

 Design reports and dashboards

 Deploy custom applications



The Salesforce Certified Platform App Builder credential is intended for an individual who
has experience developing custom applications on the Lightning Platform, including
practical application of the skills and concepts noted in the test objectives below.

The Salesforce Certified Platform App Builder generally has six months to one year of
experience building applications on the Lightning Platform and/or on a similar technology
platform.

The Salesforce Certified Platform App Builder candidate has the experience, skills, and
knowledge outlined below:

 Familiarity with the capabilities of the Lightning Platform.

 Awareness of Salesforce license types and the related considerations.

 Ability to design applications to support business processes and reporting requirements.

 Familiarity with the social and mobile capabilities of the platform; accustomed to
using and optimizing business applications on a mobile device.

 Familiarity with the Salesforce development environments and the options available
to deploy applications and manage changes on the Lightning Platform.

 Study of the resources listed in this test Guide and the additional required study
materials provided by Salesforce.

A candidate for this test is not expected to be able to administer Sales Cloud or Service
Cloud, have programmatic development experience (Apex, Visualforce, etc.), design custom
interfaces using Visualforce, or design custom Lightning components using Apex or
JavaScript.



The Salesforce Certified Platform App Builder test measures a candidates knowledge and
skills related to the following objectives. A candidate should have hands-on experience
developing custom applications on the Lightning Platform and have demonstrated the
application of each of the features/functions below.

SALESFORCE FUNDAMENTALS

 Describe the capabilities of the core CRM objects in the Salesforce schema.

 Given a scenario, identify the boundaries of declarative customization and the use cases for programmatic customization.

 Identify common scenarios for extending an org using the AppExchange.

DATA MODELING AND MANAGEMENT

 Given a scenario, determine the appropriate data model.

 Describe the capabilities of the various relationship types and the implications of each on record access, user interface, and reporting.

 Identify the considerations when changing a field's type.

 Given a set of requirements, identify the considerations and select the appropriate field type.

 Describe the capabilities and considerations of the schema builder.

 Describe the options and considerations when importing and exporting data.

 Describe the capabilities of and use cases for external objects.

SECURITY

 Describe the features and capabilities available to restrict and extend object, record, and field access.

 Given a set of business requirements, determine the appropriate sharing solution.

Weighting 10%

Weighting 8%

Weighting 20%

SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM APP BUILDER

BUSINESS LOGIC AND PROCESS AUTOMATION

 Describe the capabilities of and use cases for record types.

 Describe the capabilities of and use cases for formula fields.

 Describe the capabilities of, use cases for, and implications of roll-up summary fields.

 Describe the capabilities of and use cases for validation rules.

 Describe the capabilities of and use cases for approval processes.

 Describe the capabilities of and use cases for workflow, visual workflow, and Process Builder.

 Given a set of business requirements, recommend a solution to automate
business processes.

 Describe the ramifications of field updates and the potential for recursion.

SOCIAL

 Describe the capabilities of and use cases for social features.

USER INTERFACE

 Describe the user interface customization options.

 Describe the capabilities of and use cases for custom buttons, links, and
actions.

 Describe the declarative options available for incorporating Lightning
Components in an application.

 Given a scenario, determine the appropriate user interface design.

REPORTING

 Describe the features and capabilities available when creating reports,
report types, and dashboards.

MOBILE

 Describe the declarative customization options available for the Salesforce
mobile application user interface.

 Given a set of requirements, determine the appropriate global and objectspecific actions and action layouts to optimize the Salesforce mobile

application user experience.

Weighting 27%

Weighting 3%

Weighting 14%

Weighting 5%

Weighting 5%

SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM APP BUILDER

APP DEVELOPMENT

 Describe the key milestones and considerations when managing the application lifecycle.

 Describe the differences between and considerations when using the various types of sandboxes.

 Describe the capabilities of and considerations when using change sets.

 Describe the use cases of and considerations when using unmanaged packages.

 Given a scenario, determine the appropriate deployment plan.



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug