Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

Wo erhalte ich vollständige Informationen über Praxis-Core?

Nachfolgend finden Sie alle Details zu Übungstests, Dumps und aktuellen Fragen der Praxis-Core: Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Prüfung.

2023 Updated Actual Praxis-Core questions as experienced in Test Center

Aktuelle Praxis-Core Fragen aus echten Tests von Killexams.com - easy finanz | easyfinanz

Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators dump questions with Latest Praxis-Core practice questions | https://www.easyfinanz.cc/

Admission-Tests Praxis-Core : Praxis Core Academic Skills for test Dumps

Exam Dumps Organized by Shahid nazir



Latest 2023 Updated Syllabus
Praxis-Core test Dumps | Latest Braindumps with real Questions

Real Questions from Latest courses of Praxis-Core - Updated Daily - 100% Pass Guarantee



Praxis-Core trial Questions : Download 100% Free Praxis-Core test Dumps (PDF and VCE)

Exam Number : Praxis-Core
Exam Name : Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators
Vendor Name : Admission-Tests
Update : Click Here to Check Latest Update
Question Bank : Check Questions

Download identical Questions involving Praxis-Core examination that came along in real test right now
Simply remember their Praxis-Core boot camp and feel particular about the analyze. You will complete your Praxis-Core test with good marks or if your money back. They now have collected any database regarding Praxis-Core Real test Questions from genuine exams to let you memorize and pass Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test on the specific 1st attempt. Fundamentally set up their test Simulator and get ready. You will complete the Praxis-Core exam.

It truly is a big struggle so that you can choose fine braindumps companies from lots regarding poor dumps companies. If your search engine conclusion upward about a poor braindumps company, your current up coming qualification can be a headaches. It feels for instance loser each time a person neglects in the degree exam. This can be mere since you depended on a great invalid together with an obsolete provider. Every one of us are not articulating every Praxis-Core Test Prep company is actually a bogus. There are typically some good Praxis-Core genuine test questions companies who may have their own assets to obtain many up-to-date and correct Praxis-Core Test Prep. killexams.com is really a single of the people. They have became their own employees that records completely logical, up in so that they can date as well as trustworthy Praxis-Core Test Prep basically inside true examination for instance charm. You only have to go for you to https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/Praxis-Core as well as get free braindumps regarding Praxis-Core test and evaluation. If you consider satisfied, sign up regarding Praxis-Core Test Prep PDF FILE full variance with VCE exercise makes sure that a person turns into member concerning great achievers. They all price their wonderful customers. You might surely deliver us all your own reviews concerning Praxis-Core test experience later after completing the genuine Praxis-Core exam.

Popular features of Killexams Praxis-Core Test Prep
-> Praxis-Core Test Prep acquire Access in only 5 minute.
-> Complete Praxis-Core Questions Financial institution
-> Praxis-Core Quiz Success Warranty
-> Guaranteed Real Praxis-Core test questions
-> Hottest and 2022 updated Praxis-Core Questions as well as Answers
-> Hottest 2022 Praxis-Core Syllabus
-> Down load Praxis-Core Quiz Files anyplace
-> Unlimited Praxis-Core VCE Quiz Simulator Easy access
-> No Reduce on Praxis-Core test Down load
-> Great Discounts
-> 100% Protect Purchase
-> fully Confidential.
-> fully Free Questions and Answers trial Inquiries
-> No Undetectable Cost
-> Not any Monthly Registration
-> No Auto Renewal
-> Praxis-Core test Upgrade Intimation by simply Email
-> No cost Technical Support

Discount Voucher on Complete Praxis-Core Test Prep Questions and Answers;
WC2020: 60 per cent Flat Low cost on each test
PROF17: 10% Further Low cost on Price Greater than $69
DEAL17: 15% Further Low cost on Price Greater than 99 dollars







Praxis-Core test Format | Praxis-Core Course Contents | Praxis-Core Course Outline | Praxis-Core test Syllabus | Praxis-Core test Objectives


You have been working to acquire the knowledge and skills you need for your teaching career. Now you are ready to demonstrate your abilities by taking a Praxis® test.
Using the Praxis® Study Companion is a smart way to prepare for the test so you can do your best on test day. This guide can help keep you on track and make the most efficient use of your study time. The Study Companion contains practical information and helpful tools, including:
• An overview of the Praxis tests
• Specific information on the Praxis test you are taking
• A template study plan
• Study topics
• Practice questions and explanations of correct answers
• Test-taking tips and strategies
• Frequently asked questions
• Links to more detailed information
So where should you start=> Begin by reviewing this guide in its entirety and note those sections that you need to revisit. Then you can create your own personalized study plan and schedule based on your individual needs and how much time you have before test day.
Keep in mind that study habits are individual. There are many different ways to successfully prepare for your test. Some people study better on their own, while others prefer a group dynamic. You may have more energy early in the day, but another test taker may concentrate better in the evening. So use this guide to develop the approach that works best for you.

Test Name Core Academic Skills for Educators: Writing
Test Code 5722
Time 100 minutes, divided into a 40-minute selected-response section and two 30-minute essay sections
Number of Questions 40 selected-response questions and two essay questions Format Selected-response questions involving usage, sentence correction, revision in context, and research skills; 2 essay courses as the basis for writing samples Test Delivery Computer delivered
Approximate Approximate
Content Categories Number of Percentage of Questions* Exam
I. Text Types, Purposes, and Production 6–12 selected-response 60%
2 essay
II. Language and Research Skills 28–34 selected-response 40%
for Writing
* Includes both scored and unscored (pretest) questions. Depending on the number of pretest questions included in each scoring category, the total number of questions in that category may vary from one form of the test to another.

The Core Academic Skills for Educators Test in Writing measures academic skills in writing needed to prepare successfully for a career in education. All skills assessed have been identified as needed for college and career readiness, in alignment with the Common Core State Standards for Writing. The Writing test is 100 minutes in length and has three separately timed sections: a 40-minute selectedresponse section containing 40 selected-response questions and two 30-minute essay sections that each require a response based on an essay topic. This test may contain some questions that will not count toward your score.
The selected-response section is designed to measure examinees ability to use standard written English correctly and effectively. This section is divided into four parts: usage, sentence correction, revision in context, and research skills. In the usage questions, examinees are asked to recognize errors in mechanics, in structural and grammatical relationships, and in idiomatic expressions or word choice. They are also asked to recognize sentences that have no errors and that meet the conventions of standard written English. The sentence correction questions require examinees to select, from among the choices presented, the best way to restate a certain phrase or sentence by using standard written English; in some cases, the phrase or sentence is correct and most effective as stated.
Examinees are not required to have a knowledge of formal grammatical terminology. In the revision-incontext questions, examinees are asked to recognize how a passage with which they are presented can be strengthened through editing and revision. Revisionin-context questions require examinees to consider development, organization, word choice, style, tone, and the conventions of standard written English. In some cases, the indicated portion of a passage will be most effective as it is already expressed and thus will require no changes.
In the research skills questions, examinees are asked to recognize effective research strategies, recognize the different elements of a citation, recognize information relevant to a particular research task, and assess the credibility of sources. The two essays assess examinees ability to write effectively in a limited period of time. The Argumentative essay subject invites examinees to draw from personal experience, observation, or memorizing to support a position with specific reasons and examples. The Informative/Explanatory essay subject asks examinees to extract information from two provided sources to identify important concerns related to an issue.
The courses for the Argumentative and Informative/ Explanatory essays attempt to present situations that are familiar to all educated people; no subject will require any specialized knowledge other than an understanding of how to write effectively in English. Examinees should write only on the subject assigned for each essay task, address all the points presented in the topic, and support generalizations with specific examples. For the Informative/Explanatory essay, examinees should also draw information from both sources, making sure to cite the source of the information. Before beginning to write each essay, examinees should read the subject and organize their thoughts carefully.

I. Text Types, Purposes, and Production
A. Text Production: Writing Arguments
1. Produce an argumentative essay to support a claim using relevant and sufficient evidence
2. Write clearly and coherently
a. address the assigned task appropriately for an audience of educated adults
b. organize and develop ideas logically, making coherent connections between them
c. provide and sustain a clear focus or thesis
d. use supporting reasons, examples, and details to develop clearly and logically the ideas presented
e. demonstrate facility in the use of language and the ability to use a variety of sentence structures
f. construct effective sentences that are generally free of errors in standard written English
B. Text Production: Writing Informative/ Explanatory Texts
1. Produce an informative/explanatory essay to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content
a. write clearly and coherently
b. address the assigned task appropriately for an audience of educated adults
c. draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis
d. organize and develop ideas logically, making coherent connections between them
e. synthesize information from multiple sources on the subject
f. integrate and attribute information from multiple sources on the subject, avoiding plagiarism
g. provide and sustain a clear focus or thesis
h. demonstrate facility in the use of language and the ability to use a variety of sentence structures
i. construct effective sentences that are generally free of errors in standard written English
C. Text Production: Revision
1. Develop and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing
a. recognize how a passage can be strengthened through editing and revision
– apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts and to make effective choices for meaning or style
> choose words and phrases for effect
> choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely
> maintain consistency in style and tone
II. Language and Research Skills for Writing
A. Language Skills
1. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage
a. grammatical relationships recognize and correct:
– errors in the use of adjectives and adverbs
– errors in noun-noun agreement
– errors in pronoun-antecedent agreement
– errors in pronoun case
– errors in the use of intensive pronoun
– errors in pronoun number and person
– vague pronouns
– errors in subject-verb agreement
– inappropriate shifts in verb tense
b. structural relationships
recognize and correct:
– errors in the placement of phrases and clauses within a sentence
– misplaced and dangling modifiers
– errors in the use of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions
– fragments and run-ons
– errors in the use of correlative conjunctions
– errors in parallel structure
c. word choice recognize and correct:
– errors in the use of idiomatic expressions
– errors in the use of frequently confused words
– wrong word use
– redundancy
d. No Error recognize:
– sentences free of errors in the conventions of standard English grammar and usage
2. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization and punctuation
a. mechanics recognize and correct::
– errors in capitalization
– errors in punctuation
> commas (e.g., the use of a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of the sentence)
> semicolons (e.g., the use of a semicolon [and perhaps a conjunctive adverb] to link two or more closely related independent clauses)
> apostrophes (e.g., the use of an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives)
b. no errror
– recognize sentences free of errors in the conventions of standard English capitalization and punctuation
B. Research Skills
1. Recognize and apply appropriate research skills and strategies
a. assess the credibility and relevance of sources
b. recognize the different elements of a citation
c. recognize effective research strategies
d. recognize information relevant to a particular research task



Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Feedback


Surprised to read Praxis-Core real test questions!
Hi friends! Gotta pass the Praxis-Core test and no time for studies do not fear. I will remedy the year hassle in case u believe me. I had a comparable situation as time turned short. Textbooks did not assist. So, I looked for easy Answers and was given one with the killexams. Their query & Answers worked so correctly for me. Helped easy the standards and mug the difficult ones. Placed all questions the same because of the guide and scored well. Very beneficial stuff, killexams.


Weekend study is enough to pass Praxis-Core test with Dumps I got.
I could certainly deal with 93% marks in the long run of the exam, as several questions have been like the adviser for me. much thanks to the killexams. I weighted the workplace to cut up the test Praxis-Core. however, I was stressed over taking decent making plans in little time. At that point, the killexams.com Dumps aide confirmed up as a providence for me, with its easy and quick replies.


Do not forget to memorize these updated dumps questions for Praxis-Core exam.
I passed the Praxis-Core test with this bundle from Killexams. I am not sure I would have done it without it! The thing is, it covers a huge range of topics, and if you prepare for the test on your own, without a proven strategy, chances are that some things can fall through the cracks. These are just a few areas killexams.com has helped me with there is just too much info! killexams.com covers everything, and since they use real test questions passing the Praxis-Core with less stress is a lot easier.


There is no source like this Praxis-Core test dumps. Just get it.
Mysteriously I answered all questions in this exam. An awful lot obliged killexams.com is a terrific product for passing the test. I advise all of us to in reality use killexams.com. I test several books however disregarded to get them. Anyways using killexams.com Questions and answers, I discovered the right away forwardness in making plans Dumps for the Praxis-Core exam. I saw all of the troubles nicely.


It is good idea to put together Praxis-Core test with updated dumps.
Many thanks for your Praxis-Core dumps. I recognized the maximum of the questions and also you had all the simulations that I was asked. I was given a 97% score. After trying several books, I was pretty disenchanted no longer getting the right material. I become searching for a guideline for test Praxis-Core with easy language and correctly-prepared questions and answers. killexams.com Dumps satisfied my want because it defined the complicated courses most simply. In the real exam, I was given 97%, which changed beyond my expectation. Thank you killexams, for your tremendous practice test!


Admission-Tests for Free test PDF



Unquestionably it is hard assignment to pick dependable certification questions/answers assets regarding review, reputation and validity since individuals get sham because of picking incorrectly benefit. Killexams.com ensure to serve its customers best to its assets concerning test dumps update and validity. The vast majority of other's sham report dissension customers come to us for the brain dumps and pass their exams joyfully and effortlessly. They never trade off on their review, reputation and quality on the grounds that killexams review, killexams reputation and killexams customer certainty is imperative to us. Uniquely they deal with killexams.com review, killexams.com reputation, killexams.com sham report objection, killexams.com trust, killexams.com validity, killexams.com report and killexams.com scam. On the off chance that you see any false report posted by their rivals with the name killexams sham report grievance web, killexams.com sham report, killexams.com scam, killexams.com protest or something like this, simply remember there are constantly awful individuals harming reputation of good administrations because of their advantages. There are a huge number of fulfilled clients that pass their exams utilizing killexams.com brain dumps, killexams PDF questions, killexams hone questions, killexams test simulator. Visit Killexams.com, their specimen questions and test brain dumps, their test simulator and you will realize that killexams.com is the best brain dumps site.

Is Killexams.com Legit?
Sure, Killexams is totally legit and also fully good. There are several capabilities that makes killexams.com real and genuine. It provides up to par and totally valid test dumps made up of real exams questions and answers. Price is minimal as compared to the vast majority of services online. The Dumps are refreshed on common basis having most accurate brain dumps. Killexams account arrangement and supplement delivery is amazingly fast. Report downloading is unlimited and intensely fast. Service is avaiable via Livechat and E-mail. These are the characteristics that makes killexams.com a sturdy website which provide test dumps with real exams questions.



Which is the best braindumps site of 2023?
There are several Dumps provider in the market claiming that they provide real test Questions, Braindumps, Practice Tests, Study Guides, cheat sheet and many other names, but most of them are re-sellers that do not update their contents frequently. Killexams.com is best website of Year 2023 that understands the issue candidates face when they spend their time studying obsolete contents taken from free pdf get sites or reseller sites. Thats why killexams.com update test Dumps with the same frequency as they are updated in Real Test. test dumps provided by killexams.com are Reliable, Up-to-date and validated by Certified Professionals. They maintain question bank of valid Questions that is kept up-to-date by checking update on daily basis.

If you want to Pass your test Fast with improvement in your knowledge about latest course contents and courses of new syllabus, They recommend to get PDF test Questions from killexams.com and get ready for real exam. When you feel that you should register for Premium Version, Just choose visit killexams.com and register, you will receive your Username/Password in your Email within 5 to 10 minutes. All the future updates and changes in Dumps will be provided in your get Account. You can get Premium test Dumps files as many times as you want, There is no limit.

Killexams.com has provided VCE practice questions Software to Practice your test by Taking Test Frequently. It asks the Real test Questions and Marks Your Progress. You can take test as many times as you want. There is no limit. It will make your test prep very fast and effective. When you start getting 100% Marks with complete Pool of Questions, you will be ready to take real Test. Go register for Test in Exam Center and Enjoy your Success.




4A0-C01 pass test | 101-500 practical test | CAPM free practice questions | ACT-English test dumps | 200-901 braindumps | DCPP-01 test questions | ADM-261 dump questions | CCSK test test | DP-203 practice questions | AD0-E103 pdf get | CIMAPRO19-E01-1-ENG trial questions | SEND Practice Questions | PL-400 braindumps | DASM test dumps | AZ-140 study guide | 300-730 test test | Mulesoft-CD test prep | DP-900 test prep | PCNSA prep questions | 300-735 test example |


Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators information hunger
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators study tips
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test dumps
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Question Bank
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators study help
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Question Bank
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators exam
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators dumps
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators boot camp
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators testing
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Question Bank
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Cheatsheet
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators braindumps
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators information source
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators exam
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators education
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Real test Questions
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators learning
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators dumps
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators certification
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators PDF Download
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators PDF Dumps
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators dumps
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators cheat sheet
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators study help
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Test Prep
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators braindumps
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test Cram
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test prep
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Question Bank
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators study help
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators study tips
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test Questions
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test format
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test success
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test Questions
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators course outline
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators teaching
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators tricks
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators teaching
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test Questions
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators PDF Download
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators course outline
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators guide
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators Real test Questions
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test Questions
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators boot camp
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators information search
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators test
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators information hunger
Praxis-Core - Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators boot camp



Best Certification test Dumps You Ever Experienced


TEAS-N Dumps | GMAT-Verbal boot camp | LSAT-Logical-Reasoning prep questions | LSAT-reading-comprehension test trial | Praxis-Core study questions | TEAS-V6 practical test | SAT model question | TOEFL free practice questions | HESI-A2 free online test | GRE-Verbal test prep | MAT PDF Dumps | MCAT dumps questions | SSAT free pdf | ACT test answers | GRE-Quantitative past bar exams | GMAT free pdf | WorkKeys test questions | LSAT practice test | GRE question test | CBEST Test Prep |





References :


https://killexams-posting.dropmark.com/817438/23543962
https://www.instapaper.com/read/1316531617
https://killexams-posting.dropmark.com/817438/23630862
http://killexams-braindumps.blogspot.com/2020/06/people-used-these-praxis-core-boot-camp.html
https://www.4shared.com/video/f95R_lxGiq/Praxis-Core-Academic-Skills-fo.html
https://sites.google.com/view/killexam-praxis-core-exam-dump
https://www.clipsharelive.com/video/3611/praxis-core-praxis-core-academic-skills-for-educators-2020-update-question-bank-by-killexams-com
https://youtu.be/ENYzelJ2VKY
https://justpaste.it/Praxis-Core
https://ello.co/killexamz/post/oyhstpshvf4xbnv_ntu8na
http://feeds.feedburner.com/WhereWouldIBeAbleToInspireHelpToPassPraxis-coreExam
https://spaces.hightail.com/space/v47qz1ixkg/files/fi-2d95545e-c489-4660-bb5f-d571c86e4188/fv-94513acc-01ae-4154-b1a2-be4c35227cc0/IBM-Optimization-Technical-Mastery-Test-v1-(P2020-007).pdf#pageThumbnail-1
https://files.fm/f/cegydmxya
http://killexams.decksrusct.com/blog/certification-exam-dumps/praxis-core-praxis-core-academic-skills-for-educators-real-exam-questions-and-answers-by-killexams-com/



Similar Websites :
Pass4sure Certification test dumps
Pass4Sure test Questions and Dumps






Direct Download

Praxis-Core Reviews by Customers

Customer Reviews help to evaluate the exam performance in real test. Here all the reviews, reputation, success stories and ripoff reports provided.

Praxis-Core Reviews

100% Valid and Up to Date Praxis-Core Exam Questions

We hereby announce with the collaboration of world's leader in Certification Exam Dumps and Real Exam Questions with Practice Tests that, we offer Real Exam Questions of thousands of Certification Exams Free PDF with up to date VCE exam simulator Software.

Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug