Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : SC-400
Exam Name : Microsoft Information Protection Administrator
Vendor Name : Microsoft
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SC-400 exam Format | SC-400 Course Contents | SC-400 Course Outline | SC-400 exam Syllabus | SC-400 exam Objectives


Test Detail:
The Microsoft SC-400 exam, also known as the Microsoft Information Protection Administrator exam, is designed to validate the skills and knowledge of professionals in implementing and managing Microsoft Information Protection solutions. The exam tests the candidate's understanding of data classification, information protection policies, data loss prevention, and data governance.

Course Outline:
The Microsoft Information Protection Administrator course provides comprehensive training on implementing and managing information protection solutions using Microsoft technologies. The course covers various topics, including data classification, data labeling, data loss prevention, and data governance. The following is a general outline of the key courses covered:

1. Introduction to Information Protection:
- Understanding the importance of information protection.
- Overview of Microsoft Information Protection solutions.
- Introduction to data classification and labeling.

2. Data Classification and Labeling:
- Implementing data classification and labeling policies.
- Configuring sensitivity labels and protection rules.
- Applying labels to documents and emails.
- Monitoring and managing labeled data.

3. Data Loss Prevention (DLP):
- Configuring DLP policies to prevent data leakage.
- Identifying sensitive data types and patterns.
- Creating DLP rules and conditions.
- Monitoring and reporting on DLP incidents.

4. Data Governance and Compliance:
- Implementing data retention and deletion policies.
- Configuring data governance labels and policies.
- Managing data subject requests and compliance tasks.
- Auditing and reporting on data protection activities.

Exam Objectives:
The SC-400 exam assesses the candidate's knowledge and skills in the following areas:

1. Implementing and Managing Data Classification and Labeling:
- Configuring sensitivity labels and protection rules.
- Applying labels to documents and emails.
- Monitoring and managing labeled data.

2. Implementing and Managing Data Loss Prevention (DLP):
- Configuring DLP policies and rules.
- Identifying sensitive data types and patterns.
- Monitoring and reporting on DLP incidents.

3. Implementing and Managing Data Governance and Compliance:
- Implementing data retention and deletion policies.
- Configuring data governance labels and policies.
- Managing data subject requests and compliance tasks.

4. Monitoring and Troubleshooting Information Protection:
- Monitoring and reporting on information protection activities.
- Troubleshooting information protection issues.

Exam Syllabus:
The SC-400 exam syllabus provides a detailed breakdown of the courses covered in the exam. It includes specific skills measured, subtopics, and references to relevant resources. The syllabus may cover the following areas:

- Implement and Manage Data Classification and Labeling
- Implement and Manage Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
- Implement and Manage Data Governance and Compliance
- Monitor and Troubleshoot Information Protection



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Microsoft Excel to let you run Python scripts as formulas

Python and Excel

Microsoft is adding the Python programming language to Microsoft Excel, allowing users to create powerful functions for analyzing and manipulating data.

The public preview of the feature is now available to Microsoft 365 Insiders in the Beta channel, with the goal to ultimately roll out the feature to Excel for Windows in 16.0.16818.2000.

However, even if you join the Microsoft 365 Insiders Beta channel to test the new feature, there is no certain that Python in Excel will be available, as Microsoft is rolling it out slowly to test the feature.

The new Python in Excel feature brings a new 'PY' function that allows users to embed Python code directly in a cell to be executed like any macro or regular Excel function.

However, instead of running the Python scripts locally, Excel will execute the code in the cloud using a hypervisor-isolated container on Azure Container Instances. Microsoft says this container environment will include Python and a curated set of Anaconda libraries to prevent security issues.

These libraries include the data visualization and analysis tool 'pandas' and the visualization tool 'Matplotlib.'

As the Python scripts will run in an isolated container, they will not have access to any local resources, including the local network, computer, files, and a Microsoft 365 authentication token.

To embed a Python script in Excel, users will use the =PY() function to open a text area where they can enter the Python code they wish to execute.

The code is then executed in the cloud container, and the results are sent back and displayed in the worksheet. Microsoft says this is all done anonymously so that your Python code is not linked back to a particular user.

"Python in Excel makes it possible to natively combine Python and Excel analytics within the same workbook - with no setup required," Microsoft explains in an announcement.

"With Python in Excel, you can type Python directly into a cell, the Python calculations run in the Microsoft Cloud, and your results are returned to the worksheet, including plots and visualizations."

Microsoft treats Python in Excel like other embedded scripting languages, automatically blocking them if a document contains a Mark of The Web (MoTW).

Windows automatically adds MoTW flags to all documents and executables downloaded from untrusted sources, such as the internet, using a special 'Zone. Id' alternate data stream.

These MotW labels tell Windows, Microsoft Office, web browsers, and other apps that the file should be treated with suspicion and will cause the document to be opened in Protected View, preventing the execution of macros and embedded Python scripts.

"If you open a workbook that contains Python code from the internet, Excel Protected View won't run Python formulas in the workbook. If a workbook is opened with Microsoft Defender Application Guard, Python formulas don't run by default," explains Microsoft.

To test Python in Excel, join the Microsoft 365 Insider Program and enroll in the Beta channel. However, as previously said, this feature may take some time to roll out to everyone


Microsoft 365 Copilot: Release date, features and pricing

microsoft 365 copilot hero

Microsoft

Microsoft 365 Copilot is one of the many AI products in development by the Redmond firm. Announced in March 2023, the product is yet to roll out, but its touted capabilities hint at providing a more cohesive office suite to businesses. But when is the Microsoft 365 Copilot release date, and can you join the Early Access Program? Here’s what you need to know.

When will Microsoft 365 Copilot be available?

Although it’s been a few months since Microsoft announced Copilot, it hasn’t yet set an official Copilot release date. As of August 2023, the program is still in its Early Access Program phase, with only a handful of trusted companies and users test-driving the product. Considering the small demo size, it could be a while before the feature reaches public customers.

Can I join the Microsoft 365 Copilot Early Access Program?

Unlike Bing Chat, Microsoft’s 365 Copilot Early Access Program is closed to the general public. The feature is only available to a select number (around 600 as of August 2023) of trusted testers. This means you cannot sign up to test Copilot.

Microsoft 365 Copilot features

On paper, Microsoft 365 Copilot is an exciting prospect for office workers. In brief, Copilot can be viewed as a more extensive and capable version of Microsoft’s original Office helper, Clippy. But unlike Clippy’s severely limited feature kit, Copilot uses generative AI to assist users with documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and more.

Here’s a brief look at what  Copilot brings to some of the 365 products:

  • Outlook: Microsoft notes that Copilot can help users manage their inboxes more efficiently. More specifically, it claims it’ll allow you to clear your inbox “in minutes, not hours.”
  • Excel: Based on preview videos, you can ask Copilot to analyze data in spreadsheets to seek out trends, and create visualizations of said data.
  • PowerPoint: Create presentations based on a prompt. For instance, users can create an entire slideshow by referring to details in a product guide.
  • Word: Word makes full use of Copilot’s GPT-4 roots. Microsoft notes that you can create first drafts using a prompt, which could save hours. Users can then accept the draft, modify it, and more.
  • Microsoft is also rolling out Copilot in the form of Business Chat, which works across the umbrella of 365 apps.

    Is Microsoft 365 Copilot free?

    microsoft 365 copilot word

    Microsoft

    Copilot drafting a document in Word

    Microsoft 365 Copilot is not free, and it’s unclear if a free tier will ever be available.

    When Copilot launches, those looking to adopt Microsoft’s new AI Office future must spend $30 per user per month. Notably, that’s more expensive than the Microsoft 365 Business Premium tier, which demands $22 per user monthly.

    Copilot will be available through Microsoft 365’s Enterprise-level E3 and E5 tiers, alongside Business Standard and Business Premium offerings.

    Notably, the Copilot moniker is coming to other Microsoft properties in the future. The company has plans for Windows Copilot — a similar feature built into Windows 11. As a result, the feature can effectively double as a system manager, opening files, controlling apps, and adjusting system settings. Announced in June 2023, it’s currently in beta, so you’ll need to be part of the Insider Preview updates channel to try it out.

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    Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

    Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

    Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

    Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

    Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

    Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

    Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

    Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

    Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

    Höhere Gewalt

    Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

    Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

    Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

    Technisches Versagen

    Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

    Kriminelle Ursachen

    Hackerangriffe

    Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

    Physischer Angriff

    Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

    Erpressung

    Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

    Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

    Cyber-Kosten:

    • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
    • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
    • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
    • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

    Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

    • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
    • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
    • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
    • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
    • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
    • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
    • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

    Cyber-Eigenschäden:

    • Betriebsunterbrechung
    • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
    • Mehrkosten
    • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
    • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
    • Cyber-Erpressung
    • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
    • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
    • Cyber-Betrug