Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Gujarat Board News

The Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSHSEB) conducts the Class 10 and Class 12 board exams in Gujarat. Students can stay connected with the TimesofIndia.com to get the latest news and updates related to the Gujarat Board test schedule, admit card, result, and other important announcements.

Read LessThe Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSHSEB) is the primary education board in the state of Gujarat, India. It is responsible for conducting and managing the secondary and higher secondary (Class 10 and Class 12) board exams in the state. The board was established in 1960 and its headquarters is located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The GSHSEB is responsible for preparing the test syllabus, conducting the exams, releasing the results, and issuing the certificates to the qualified candidates. The board also provides various educational resources and facilities to students, such as textbooks, study materials, and scholarships.

GSHSEB SSC (Class 10) SyllabusGSHSEB SSC (Class 10) syllabus includes the following subjects. Each subject has a detailed syllabus that covers various subjects and concepts. Students can find the detailed syllabus on the official website of GSHSEB - gseb.org. The syllabus is designed to help students prepare for the exams and covers all the essential subjects and concepts. Students are advised to regularly check the official website for updates and changes in the syllabus, if any.

  • First Language (Gujarati/Hindi/Marathi/English/Urdu/Sindhi)
  • Second Language (Gujarati/Hindi/Sanskrit/Punjabi/Farsi/Arabic/Urdu)
  • Mathematics
  • Science & Technology
  • Social Science
  • English (First Language)
  • Gujarati (Second Language)
  • Hindi (Second Language)
  • GSHSEB HSC (Class 12) SyllabusThe GSHSEB HSC (Class 12) syllabus includes the following streams. Each stream has a detailed syllabus that covers various subjects and concepts. Students can find the detailed syllabus on the official website of GSHSEB - gseb.org. The syllabus is designed to help students prepare for the exams and covers all the essential subjects and concepts. Students are advised to regularly check the official website for updates and changes in the syllabus, if any.
  • Science Stream: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Biology
  • General Stream: Accountancy, Economics, Business Administration, Statistics, Geography, Political Science, Psychology, History, Sociology, Philosophy, Home Science, etc.
  • GSHSEB 10th and 12th Result and MarksheetThe Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSHSEB) declares the results for both Class 10 (SSC) and Class 12 (HSC) board exams on its official website. Students can access their results by visiting the website and entering their roll number and other required details. The board usually releases the results for both SSC and HSC exams in the month of May. The results are crucial for students as they determine their further education and career paths. Once the results are declared, students can obtain their mark sheets and other important documents from the website.

    How to obtain GSHSEB Gujarat Board test Result and Marksheet?Students can obtain their Gujarat state board test mark sheet from the official website of the Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSHSEB). Here are the steps to obtain the mark sheet:

  • Visit the official website of GSHSEB at gseb.org
  • Click on the "Results" tab on the homepage.
  • Select the test for which you want to obtain the mark sheet (SSC/HSC).
  • Enter your six-digit seat number and click on the "Go" button.
  • Your mark sheet will be displayed on the screen.
  • Download and take a printout of the mark sheet for future reference.
  • It is important to note that the mark sheet available on the website is for immediate reference only and should not be treated as an official document. Students should collect the original mark sheet from their respective schools after a few weeks of the result declaration.

    CAT test books 2023: Begin your preparations for all subjects (August, 2023)

    The Common Admission Test (CAT) is a highly competitive test taken by students pursuing management degrees in reputed B-schools in India. The test tests the aptitude of candidates in various subjects including Quantitative Ability (QA), Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning (DILR), and Verbal Ability and memorizing Comprehension (VARC). The 2023 CAT test books play a crucial role in preparing you for the exam. It is important to choose the right books that cover the syllabus comprehensively and provide a variety of practice exams and mock tests. The 2023 CAT test books are designed to provide students with a deep understanding of the concepts, tips, and tricks to solve the questions, and strategies for efficient time management during the exam. In addition to the traditional textbooks, various online resources such as video lectures and interactive quizzes are also available to supplement students' preparation.Starting preparation early gives students an advantage in covering the extensive curriculum and identifying their strengths and weaknesses. This helps them develop a learning plan and focus on improving their weaker areas. In conclusion, choosing the right 2023 CAT test books and starting preparation early can greatly Excellerate a student's chances of passing the test and gaining admission to their desired B-School.Here’s a list of some of the best CAT test books for 2023:

    How to Prepare for the CAT (Set Of 4 Books) By Arun Sharma And Meenakshi Upadhyay

    The How to Prepare for the CAT (Common Admission Test) book set by Arun Sharma and Meenakshi Upadhyay is a comprehensive guide to help aspiring MBA candidates prepare for the challenging CAT exam. The set contains four books covering various aspects of the CAT exam, including quantitative skills, data interpretation and logical reasoning, language skills and memorizing comprehension, and finally the entire CAT test syllabus. The books are written in simple language and offer practical tips and techniques to help students Excellerate their performance. With this set of books, candidates can gain a deeper understanding of the CAT test and increase their chances of success.

    Oswaal CAT 25 Years' Chapter-wise and Topic-wise Solved Papers Question Bank

    Oswaal CAT 25 Years' Chapter-wise and Topic-wise Solved Papers dumps collection 1990-2008, 2017-2022 VARC, DILR & QA is an essential study material for MBA aspirants preparing for the CAT exam. This comprehensive dumps collection contains solved papers from the last 25 years of the CAT exam, chapter-wise and topic-wise, covering all three sections of the CAT exam: VARC, DILR, and QA. The book includes detailed solutions and explanations for each question to help students understand the concepts and Excellerate their problem-solving skills. This dumps collection is an excellent resource for candidates who want to strengthen their CAT preparation and increase their chances of success in the upcoming 2023 exam.

    CAT 2023: Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning by Gautam Puri

    The book "CAT 2023: Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning" by Gautam Puri is an excellent resource for MBA aspirants preparing for the CAT exam. This book comprehensively covers the data interpretation and logical reasoning sections of the CAT exam, with an emphasis on improving problem-solving skills. The book contains various practice problems with solutions for each question to help students understand the concepts and Excellerate their problem-solving skills. The book also includes tips and techniques to help students solve complex problems quickly and effectively. With this book, candidates can develop a solid foundation in data interpretation and logical thinking and increase their chances of success in the CAT exam.

    CAT Books by Arun Sharma 2023 ( Set of 4 Books )

    Arun Sharma's CAT Books Three books in a package called 2023 are designed to help MBA aspirants prepare for the CAT exam. The package contains works on logical reasoning, data interpretation, verbal ability and quantitative aptitude. These books contain all the information needed to pass the CAT exam, as well as useful advice and techniques to Excellerate problem-solving skills. The package also includes CAT practice exams on Pull Marks, which supply students hands-on experience with the test. With the help of these books, candidates can build a solid foundation and learn the ideas needed to pass the 2023 CAT exam.

    9 Previous Year CAT QA, DILR & VARC Topic-wise Solved Papers set of 3 Books

    For MBA students preparing for the CAT exam, this CAT 2023 Complete Test Preparation Kit is a complete package. All three CAT test sections - Quantitative Aptitude, Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning, and Verbal Ability & memorizing Comprehension - are covered in the three books in this package. Each course is covered in detail in the books, and they also include practice problems and simulated exams to help students Excellerate their conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. The package also provides students with access to previous year solved papers, giving them a comprehensive educational experience. With the help of this package, candidates can prepare efficiently and increase their success rate in the CAT exam.

    28 Years CAT QA, DILR & VARC Topic-wise Solved Papers by Shipra Agarwal Deepak Agarwal

    For MBA candidates preparing for the CAT exam, the book package "28 Years CAT QA, DILR & VARC Topic-wise Solved Papers" by Shipra Agarwal and Deepak Agarwal is an excellent resource. The package consists of three books covering the CAT test papers of the last 28 years for Quantitative Aptitude, Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning, and Verbal Ability & memorizing Comprehension, course by course and section by section. With detailed solutions and explanations of the solved problems, students can better understand the ideas and Excellerate their problem-solving skills. With the help of this book, candidates can become more familiar with the CAT test format, boost their confidence, and pass the CAT test with flying colors.

    How to Prepare for VERBAL ABILITY & memorizing COMPREHENSION for CAT By McGraw Hill

    The comprehensive book, How to Prepare for Verbal Ability and memorizing Comprehension for CAT, by Arun Sharma and Meenakshi Upadhyay, is designed to help MBA students prepare for the Verbal Ability and memorizing Comprehension components of the CAT test. The book provides a thorough explanation of the ideas along with useful advice and techniques to Excellerate memorizing and comprehension skills. To Excellerate comprehension of the material and enhance performance, the book also includes practice problems and mock exams. With the help of this book, candidates can Excellerate their vocabulary, gain strong speaking skills, and perform well in the Verbal Ability and memorizing Comprehension sections of the CAT exam.

    CAT 2023: MBA Entrance Exam- 12 Solved Topic-wise Tests by EduGorilla Prep Experts

    For MBA students preparing for the CAT test, the book "CAT 2023: MBA Entrance test - 12 Solved Topic-wise Tests" by EduGorilla Prep Experts is an excellent resource. The book contains 12 topic-specific tests with answers that cover verbal skills, memorizing comprehension, quantitative skills, and data interpretation. These tests are designed to help students assess their level of preparation, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and develop their problem-solving skills. The book also provides free access to online exams that allow students to practice and evaluate their performance in an environment similar to a CAT exam. Candidates can Excellerate their chances of passing the CAT test by preparing well for it with the help of this book.FAQ's: Books for CAT test 2023
  • How can I choose books for CAT preparation?You need to choose the books based on the recommendations of professionals if you want to choose the best books for CAT preparation. Also, you should supply preference to the latest edition of the book as it contains questions and study guides based on the latest changes in the syllabus.
  • Can I prepare for the CAT test using only books, or should I use other resources as well?While books are excellent learning tools, you should round out your CAT test preparation with other materials. Online forums, question banks from previous years, and practice exams can be used to develop a thorough and well-rounded test preparation strategy. These resources provide opportunities for test simulation, on-site practice, peer learning, and clarification of doubts.
  • Are there books for the CAT test with solved test questions from previous years?Yes, there are several books that contain CAT test questions from previous years with detailed solutions.
  • DISCLAIMER: The Times of India's journalists were not involved in the production of this article. The product prices mentioned in the article are subject to change with offers given by Amazon.
     


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    Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

    Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

    Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

    Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

    Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

    Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

    Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

    Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

    Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

    Höhere Gewalt

    Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

    Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

    Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

    Technisches Versagen

    Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

    Kriminelle Ursachen

    Hackerangriffe

    Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

    Physischer Angriff

    Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

    Erpressung

    Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

    Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

    Cyber-Kosten:

    • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
    • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
    • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
    • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

    Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

    • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
    • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
    • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
    • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
    • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
    • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
    • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

    Cyber-Eigenschäden:

    • Betriebsunterbrechung
    • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
    • Mehrkosten
    • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
    • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
    • Cyber-Erpressung
    • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
    • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
    • Cyber-Betrug