Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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Exam Number : ADM-201
Exam Name : Administration Essentials for New Admins ADM201
Vendor Name : Salesforce
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ADM-201 exam Format | ADM-201 Course Contents | ADM-201 Course Outline | ADM-201 exam Syllabus | ADM-201 exam Objectives
Exam ID : ADM-201
Exam Title : Administration Essentials for New Admins ADM201 (Salesforce)
Questions : 60
Pass Marks : 65%
Duration : 105 minutes
Exam Type : Multiple Choice
Administration Essentials for New Admins is designed for:
• New system administrators responsible for the setup, configuration, and maintenance of their organizations Salesforce applications
• Other groups that would benefit from deepening their knowledge of Salesforce, including power users, sales operations, and IT managers
You can take this course in person or in a virtual classroom. Participants can save travel expenses by taking the class virtually. Both formats provide demonstrations, hands-on exercises, and personal attention from the instructor as well as interaction with your peers. For the virtual class, all you need is a web browser and a telephone to watch, listen, and get hands-on experience with the application.
Customize your application, including page layouts, fields, tabs, and business processes
• Create a secure Salesforce environment
• Maintain and import clean data
• Create high-value reports and dashboards
• Set up workflow automation
Getting Around the App
• Understand the data model and navigation
• Find answers in Help & Training
Getting Your Organization Ready for Users
• Set up the company profile
• Configure the user interface
• Set up activities and calendars
• Configure search settings
• Set up Chatter
Setting Up and Managing Users
• Manage user profiles
• Create and manage users
• Troubleshoot user login issues
• Understand SalesforceA capabilities
• Set up Chatter Free and Chatter external users
• Understand Salesforce1 settings
Security and Data Access
• Restrict logins
• Determine object access
• Set up record access
• Manage record access with the role hierarchy
• Deal with record access exceptions
• Control access to events
• Manage field-level security
Customization: Fields
• Administer standard fields
• Create new custom fields
• Create selection fields: picklists and lookups
• Create formula fields
• Work with page layouts
• Work with record types and business processes
• Maintain data quality
Managing Data
• Import new records using import wizards
• Update existing records with the data loader
• Keep records up to date with Data.com and social accounts and contacts
• Mass transfer records between users
• Back up data with a weekly export
• Mass delete records
Reports and Dashboards
• Run and modify reports
• Create new reports with the report builder
• Filter reports
• Summarize report data with formulas and visual summaries
• Print, export, and email reports
• Build dashboards Automation
• Manage email administration
• Set up workflow rules and Process Builder
• Automate leads and cases
Managing the Support Process
For virtual classroom attendees, this content is delivered as an online module.
• Automate the support process
• Understand the Salesforce Console
• Enable collaboration in the Service Cloud
• Analyze support data with reports and dashboards
The Salesforce Certified Administrator exam has the following characteristics:
Content: 60 multiple-choice/multiple-select questions
Time allotted to complete the exam: 105 minutes
Passing score: 65%
Registration fee: USD 200, plus applicable taxes as required per local law
Retake fee: USD 100, plus applicable taxes as required per local law
Delivery options: Proctored exam delivered onsite at a testing center or in an online proctored environment. Click here for information on scheduling an exam.
References: No hard-copy or online materials may be referenced during the exam.
Prerequisite: None required; course attendance highly recommended
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IPPB Executive Syllabus 2023 Exam Conducting Body India Post Payments Bank Limited (IPPB) Post Name Executive Vacancies 132 Category IPPB Executive Syllabus and exam Pattern Selection Process Online Exam, Group Discussion, and Interview Maximum Marks 200 Duration 2 hours Negative Marking 1/4th mark for every incorrect answer IPPB Executive Syllabus 2023 PDFAspirants must obtain the IPPB syllabus PDF for Executive from the link shared below to understand the syllabus covered in each section of the syllabus. Get the direct link to obtain the IPPB Executive exam Syllabus below: IPPB Executive Syllabus 2023The IPPB Executive syllabus is divided into five subjects, i.e., Reasoning, Quantitative aptitude, English, General Awareness, and Computer Knowledge. Check the subject-wise IPPB Executive syllabus PDF for the written exam discussed below. IPPB Executive exam Syllabus 2023 Subject Important Topics Quantitative Aptitude Average Simplification/ Approximation LCM and HCF Percentage Permutation and Combination Probability Number Systems Profit and Loss Ratio and Proportion Simple Interest and Compound Interest Time and Work Speed, Time, and Distance Partnership Mixtures and Alligations Data Interpretation Pipes and Cistern Mensuration Surds and Indices, etc IPPB Reasoning Ability Syllabus Odd One Out Alphanumeric Series Puzzles Directions & Distance Venn Diagram Alphabet Test Ranking and Order Syllogism Coding-Decoding Seating Arrangement Blood Relations Input-Output, etc English Language Reading Comprehension Fill in the blanks Cloze Test Para jumbles Tenses Rules Vocabulary Fillers Sentence Rearrangement Phrase Replacement, etc General Awareness Banking and Financial Awareness Culture Current Affairs Static General Knowledge Science Important Schemes Books and Authors Sports Awards and Honors General Polity etc Computer Knowledge Basic Knowledge of the Internet History of computers Networking Short cut keys Computer Abbreviations MS Office Software and Hardware Fundamentals Input & Output Devices Database, etc Weightage of IPPB Executive Syllabus 2023The IPPB Executive exam pattern comprises five objective-type sections for 200 marks and will be conducted online. 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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug