Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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Exam Number : DES-1423
Exam Name : Specialist Implementation Engineer Isilon Solutions (DCS-IE)
Vendor Name : DELL-EMC
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DES-1423 exam Format | DES-1423 Course Contents | DES-1423 Course Outline | DES-1423 exam Syllabus | DES-1423 exam Objectives
Exam Title : Dell EMC Certified Specialist - Implementation Engineer - Isilon Solutions (DCS-IE)
Exam ID : DES-1423
Exam Duration : 90 mins
Questions in exam : 60
Passing Score : 63%
Exam Center : Pearson VUE
Real Questions : Dell EMC Isilon Solutions Specialist Real Questions
VCE VCE exam : Dell EMC DES-1423 Certification VCE Practice Test
Topic Details Weights Isilon Fundamentals and Authentication - Describe the Isilon storage concepts such as Scale out versus Scale up, architecture, and OneFS details
- Identify and describe Isilon hardware components and intended use cases including both Gen 5 and Gen 6 hardware types
- Identify and describe how an administrator accesses a cluster using WebUI, SSH, and Multi-factor SSH
- Describe cluster dependencies on NTP, LDAP, Active Directory, and other dependent configurations 16% Isilon Networking - Configure Access zones and base directories with the proper folder structure layout
- Describe the basic internal and external network configurations, multitenancy, groupnets, subnets, pools and rules
- Identify and explain the various network configurations in Gen 5 and Gen 6 including link aggregation, failover LACP, FEC, and Round Robin
- Describe how to integrate SmartConnect, SmartConnect zones, DNS, SSIP, IP address pools, and load balancing
- Explain the use of VLAN, SBR, and NANON
17% Authentication, Identity Management, Authorization - Differentiate the use of RBAC and ZRBAC
- Explain the use of user identifiers and the proper use of ID mapping
- Identify and describe POSIX and ACLs permission rubrics 10% Client Protocols, Hadoop, and Auditing - Describe OneFS caching levels and use cases
- Configure SMB shares with SMB3 Continuous Availability (CA) and Server-Side Copy with protocol auditing and file filtering - Configure NFS exports with NFSv4 Continuous Availability (CA)
- Identify and describe Hadoop and Swift configurations and features
13% Data Protection and Layout - Identify FEC data protection levels, file striping, and Reed-Solomon protection definitions
- Differentiate between requested, suggested, and genuine protection levels and verify with isi get commands
- Differentiate concurrent and streaming data layout models, use cases, and performance impacts
- Explain storage pools, policies, neighborhoods, global namespace, spillover, and VHS 14% OneFS Modules and Data Services - Differentiate between SmartPools, storage pools, SSD usage, and file pool policies
- Describe how SmartQuotas are configured and identify the characteristics of SmartDedupe capabilities
- Identify SnapshotIQ features, CoW and RoW mechanics, and scheduling
- Identify and describe how to prepare the cluster for SyncIQ disaster recovery
13% OneFS Job Engine - Identify and describe the OneFS Job Engine architecture, components, and workers and circumstantial modes
- Describe the various job types, exclusion sets, priorities, and impacts
- Describe how jobs are managed in real time and how the schedule is maintained
10% Upgrades and Monitoring - Describe how upgrades are applied to a cluster including rollback and commit options
- Explain the importance of firmware updates, ARR, and the Upgrade Helper tool
- Describe the installation of InsightIQ monitoring and reporting, and the use of isi statistics commands 10%
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CRN's Coverage Of Dell EMC World 2016Power At Every Position: Dell Fills Exec Lineup With Seasoned Channel, Sales VeteransThe new Dell Technologies intends to lean heavily on EMC's channel experts. Here's a rundown of the executives leading Dell Technologies' sales and channel operations. Dell Adds Systems Integrators To Its IoT Solutions Partner ProgramSystems integrators have a 'unique vertical experience,' says a Dell IoT executive, and have expertise in manufacturing, utilities and industrial automation. Dell EMC Launches First Midmarket-Focused VMAX Solution At Sub-$100K Price PointThe new 250F is 'VMAX for everyone,' says Dell EMC Vice President of Marketing Peter Smails, delivering enterprise capabilities to a new market of midsize customers. Partners: Cisco And Dell EMC Will 'Inevitably' Hit VCE Architecture And Sales CrossroadsAlthough Cisco and Dell are playing nice around VCE for now, partners say architectural differences and sales incentives will inevitably lead to a break up. 6 Fun Facts About Dell Technologies You Might Not KnowAhead of the first Dell EMC World, here are six fun facts about Dell Technologies, including its environmental efforts, sports sponsorships and its high profile in television and movies. Dell EMC Launches Next Generation of the World’s Best-Selling Server PortfolioDell EMC is announcing worldwide availability for its next generation of the world’s bestselling server to help customers of all sizes fuel their IT transformation initiatives. Recently previewed at Dell EMC World 2017, the award-winning design of the new 14th generation Dell EMC PowerEdge server portfolio forms a scalable, automated and secure compute platform for traditional and cloud-native applications, designed for new Intel® Xeon® Scalable processors. “The Dell EMC PowerEdge 14th generation servers Boost upon the world’s best-selling server portfolio, designed to drive their customers’ IT transformations,” said Ashley Gorakhpurwalla, president, Server Solutions Division at Dell EMC. “Our modern infrastructure solutions are a game changer in today’s digital economy. With their cyber-resilient architecture and performance innovations, they will enable their customers to unleash their business potential.” In a accurate ESG 2017 IT Transformation Maturity Curve study commissioned by Dell EMC, organisations furthest along in their IT transformation initiatives are seven times more likely to view IT as a competitive differentiator.To achieve this, the priority for many IT transformation initiatives is a modern infrastructure that can securely deliver improved efficiencies while driving innovation that enables new business models. With its scalable business architecture, intelligent automation and integrated security, the new Dell EMC PowerEdge 14th generation server portfolio delivers on these desired benefits. PowerEdge servers, the bedrock of the modern data center, enable customers to push innovation further and faster to achieve their IT transformation goals. 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With 27 percent more CPU cores and 50 percent more memory bandwidth6, Dell EMC PowerEdge 14th generation server customers can accelerate performance of business critical applications and workloads. Dell EMC’s industry-leading solutions and platforms also will benefit from the power and security of this new generation of PowerEdge servers. The servers will be embedded in storage and data center appliances, hyper-converged appliances and racks, hybrid cloud platforms, ready nodes, bundles and other Dell EMC solutions. The new servers will be the foundation of Dell EMC solutions that used the previous generation of PowerEdge such as VxRail Appliances, VxRack Systems, XC Series, vSAN ReadyNodes, ScaleIO Ready Nodes, IsilonSD Edge and ECS (Elastic Cloud Storage). 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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug