Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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Exam Number : DES-1721
Exam Name : Specialist - Implementation Engineer, SC Series
Vendor Name : DELL-EMC
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DES-1721 exam Format | DES-1721 Course Contents | DES-1721 Course Outline | DES-1721 exam Syllabus | DES-1721 exam Objectives
Exam Title :
Dell EMC Certified Specialist - Implementation Engineer - SC Series
Exam ID :
DES-1721
Exam Duration :
90 mins
Questions in exam :
60
Passing Score :
63%
Official Training :
Dell EMC SC Series Implementation and Administration (ES102STG00702)
Exam Center :
Pearson VUE
Real Questions :
Dell EMC SC Series Specialist Implementation Engineer Real Questions
VCE VCE exam :
Dell EMC DES-1721 Certification VCE Practice Test
Storage Center Fundamentals
- Identify and describe the Dell Storage Center core features, licensed features, and user interfaces
5%
Storage Center Hardware
- Identify and describe the characteristics of the SC Series Controllers
- Identify and describe the characteristics of the SC Series disk enclosures
15%
Storage Center Cabling
- Describe front-end cabling best practices for Fibre Channel and iSCSI protocols and explain the types of redundancy for front-end cabling
- Describe how to create fault domains and their purpose
- Identify and describe virtual port zoning best practices
- Describe the SAS back-end cabling best practices
19%
Storage Center Deployment and Initial Configuration
- Describe how to prepare the installation environment and perform the initial setup and post-setup tasks on the Storage Center array
3%
Initial SAN HBA and Switch Configurations
- Identify and describe how to establish a connection between the host and SC Series Storage array through FC and iSCSI SAN
- Describe the best practices and characteristics for specific FC switch vendors, such as Brocade, when connecting to an SC Series Storage array
11%
Storage Center Basic Administration
- Describe how to create and use volumes and volume folders and how to perform management operations such as copy, mirror, migrate and expand volumes on an SC Series Storage array
- Describe how to create and manage server objects and server folders, how to discover initiatiors, and how to map them to server objects on an SC Series Storage array
- Identify and describe how to map a volume to a server object, how to establish multipath conectivity, the recommended MPIO settings, and the steps to make a mapped volume available at the operating system level including VMware vSpere, Linux, and Microsoft
- Identify and describe the procedure(s) to failover and rebalance the SC Series Controllers
15%
Dell Storage Manager (DSM) Installation and Configuration
- Identify and describe how to install the Dell Storage Manager (DSM) software and how to use the DSM views
- Describe how to manage users and permissions in Dell Storage Manager (DSM) and describe user management best practices
9%
Dell Storage Manager (DSM) Administration
- Describe how to configure datapage size, SNMP and SMTP parameters, and upgrade the SC Series software and licenses
- Describe the Dell Storage Manager (DSM) monitoring and metering capabilities, how to review alerts, run reports and replace a failed disk
6%
Storage Center Data Progression, Data Instant Replay, and Remote Instant
Replay Management
- Explain how to enable, create, and use storage profiles
- Identify and describe the Data Progression functions and how to configure Data Progression using storage profiles
- Describe the functions of Replay Manager, a Data Instant Replay snapshot, and how to configure and manage Data Instant Replays
- Explain how to configure a Remote Instant Replay replication, how to create and activate a disaster recovery site, and how to restore the source on an alternate site
- Describe how to configure Live Volume
17%
This certification validates the ability to perform basic to intermediate skill level tasks in deploying and manage the Dell EMC SC Series storage products. This exam is a qualifying exam for the Specialist - Implementation Engineer, SC Series track.
This exam focuses on the knowledge and activities involved in installing, initializing, configuring and testing the hardware and software of the Dell EMC SC Series Storage products.
Dell Technologies provides free practice exams to assess your knowledge in preparation for the exam. practice exams allow you to become familiar with the Topics and question types you will find on the proctored exam. Your results on a VCE exam offer one indication of how prepared you are for the proctored exam and can highlight Topics on which you need to study and train further. A passing score on the VCE exam does not guarantee a passing score on the certification exam.
Storage Center Fundamentals (5%)
• Identify and describe the Dell Storage Center core features, licensed features, and user interfaces
Storage Center Hardware (15%)
• Identify and describe the characteristics of the SC Series Controllers
• Identify and describe the characteristics of the SC Series disk enclosures
Storage Center Cabling (19%)
• Describe front-end cabling best practices for Fibre Channel and iSCSI protocols and explain the types of redundancy for front-end cabling
• Describe how to create fault domains and their purpose
• Identify and describe virtual port zoning best practices
• Describe the SAS back-end cabling best practices
Storage Center Deployment and Initial Configuration (3%)
• Describe how to prepare the installation environment and perform the initial setup and post-setup tasks on the Storage Center array
Initial SAN HBA and Switch Configurations (11%)
• Identify and describe how to establish a connection between the host and SC Series Storage array through FC and iSCSI SAN
• Describe the best practices and characteristics for specific FC switch vendors, such as Brocade, when connecting to an SC Series Storage array
Storage Center Basic Administration (15%)
• Describe how to create and use volumes and volume folders and how to perform management operations such as copy, mirror, migrate and expand volumes on an SC Series Storage array
• Describe how to create and manage server objects and server folders, how to discover initiatiors, and how to map them to server objects on an SC Series Storage array
• Identify and describe how to map a volume to a server object, how to establish multipath conectivity, the recommended MPIO settings, and the steps to make a mapped volume available at the operating system level including VMware vSpere, Linux, and Microsoft
• Identify and describe the procedure(s) to failover and rebalance the SC Series Controllers
Dell Storage Manager (DSM) Installation and Configuration (9%)
• Identify and describe how to install the Dell Storage Manager (DSM) software and how to use the DSM views
• Describe how to manage users and permissions in Dell Storage Manager (DSM) and describe user management best practices
Dell Storage Manager (DSM) Administration (6%)
• Describe how to configure datapage size, SNMP and SMTP parameters, and upgrade the SC Series software and licenses
• Describe the Dell Storage Manager (DSM) monitoring and metering capabilities, how to review alerts, run reports and replace a failed disk Storage Center Data Progression, Data Instant Replay, and Remote Instant
Replay Management (17%)
• Explain how to enable, create, and use storage profiles
• Identify and describe the Data Progression functions and how to configure Data Progression using storage profiles
• Describe the functions of Replay Manager, a Data Instant Replay snapshot, and how to configure and manage Data Instant Replays
• Explain how to configure a Remote Instant Replay replication, how to create and activate a disaster recovery site, and how to restore the source on an alternate site
• Describe how to configure Live Volume
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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug