Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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Exam Number : E20-375
Exam Name : RecoverPoint Specialist test for Implementation Engineers
Vendor Name : DELL-EMC
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E20-375 test Format | E20-375 Course Contents | E20-375 Course Outline | E20-375 test Syllabus | E20-375 test Objectives
Exam ID : E20-375
Exam Title : RecoverPoint Specialist test for Implementation Engineers
Questions : 60
Pass Marks : 63
Duration : 90 minutes
Exam Type : MCQ
Overview
The Implementation Engineer Specialist certification assesses the necessary knowledge and skills and validates the ability to correctly install, configure, and deploy Dell EMC RecoverPoint solutions.
Certification Requirements
To complete the requirements for this certification you must:
1. Achieve one of the following Associate level certifications
• Associate - Information Storage and Management Version 1.0
• Associate - Information Storage and Management Version 2.0
• Associate - Information Storage and Management Version 3.0
• Associate - Information Storage and Management Version 4.0
2. Pass the following Specialist exam:
E20-375 RecoverPoint Specialist test for Implementation Engineers
Overview
This test is a qualifying test for the Specialist - Implementation Engineer, RecoverPoint (DCS-IE) track.
This test focuses on deployment of RecoverPoint systems, including installation, configuration, troubleshooting and management of physical and virtual RecoverPoint Appliances and Splitter. It also covers RecoverPoint architecture, theory of operations, and write splitting technologies; site planning and configuration requirements; configuration and operations of consistency groups as well as configuration for integration with different virtualization software.
Dell Technologies provides free practice tests to assess your knowledge in preparation for the exam. practice tests allow you to become familiar with the syllabus and question types you will find on the proctored exam. Your results on a practice test offer one indication of how prepared you are for the proctored test and can highlight syllabus on which you need to study and train further. A passing score on the practice test does not ensure a passing score on the certification exam.
Products
Products likely to be referred to on this test include but are not limited to:
• RecoverPoint Physical
Appliances
• RecoverPoint Virtual Appliances
• RecoverPoint 5.x
• Connectrix SAN switches
• VNX arrays
• VMAX arrays
• Unity Arrays
• XtremIO arrays
• VPLEX arrays
• Unix, Windows, and ESXi host platforms
Exam Topics
Topics likely to be covered on this test include:
RecoverPoint Concepts (7%)
• Describe RecoverPoint key futures, functions, capabilities, and data flow
• Describe RecoverPoint system architecture and components
RecoverPoint Cluster Installation (27%)
• Describe how to prepare for a RecoverPoint cluster installation
• List the required steps to install a physical and virtual RPA
• Describe a RecoverPoint deployment with VNX
• Describe a RecoverPoint EX and CL cluster installation
• Describe how RecoverPoint clusters are connected using Deployment Manager
Configure Storage Arrays for use with RecoverPoint (27%)
• Describe the steps required to install RecoverPoint array-based write splitters for VNX
• Describe the steps required to install RecoverPoint array-based write splitters for VPLEX
• Describe the steps required to install RecoverPoint array-based write splitters for Unity
• Describe the steps required to install RecoverPoint array-based write splitters for VMAX
• Explain the steps required to configure an XtremIO array for Snap-based replication with RecoverPoint
RecoverPoint Management (14%)
• Describe how RecoverPoint administration tasks are performed
• Describe the factors involved when planning for a Consistency Group deployment
• Describe how to create and manage Consistency Groups
• Describe the advanced features of Consistency Groups. For example, Snap-based Replication with XtremIO, MetroPoint Consistency Groups, and integration features
RecoverPoint Operations (10%)
• Describe how recovery tasks are performed with Unisphere for RecoverPoint
• Describe how to modify existing RecoverPoint
RecoverPoint System Analysis (7%)
• Describe the steps required to use the RecoverPoint system analysis tools
• Describe how to use RecoverPoint CLI commands to perform simple environment troubleshooting
RecoverPoint Cluster Maintenance (10%)
• Explain how the Deployment Manager Wizard is used to add RPAs to an existing cluster
• Explain how to the Deployment Manager Wizard is used to convert environments
• Explain how the Deployment Manager Wizard is used to change installation parameters
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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug