Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : Google-PCDE
Exam Name : Google Cloud Certified - Professional Cloud Database Engineer
Vendor Name : Google
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Google-PCDE exam Format | Google-PCDE Course Contents | Google-PCDE Course Outline | Google-PCDE exam Syllabus | Google-PCDE exam Objectives


Exam Specification: Google-PCDE Google Cloud Certified - Professional Cloud Database Engineer

Exam Name: Google-PCDE Google Cloud Certified - Professional Cloud Database Engineer
Exam Code: Google-PCDE
Exam Duration: 2 hours
Passing Score: Not specified
Exam Format: Multiple-choice and scenario-based questions

Course Outline:

1. Google Cloud Platform Overview
- Overview of Google Cloud Platform (GCP) services
- Understanding GCP database offerings
- Key concepts and features of GCP database solutions

2. Database Planning and Design
- Assessing business requirements for database solutions
- Designing database architectures and schemas
- Planning for scalability, availability, and disaster recovery

3. Database Implementation and Deployment
- Deploying and provisioning database instances on GCP
- Configuring database security and access controls
- Migrating data to GCP databases

4. Database Management and Monitoring
- Managing database operations and configurations
- Performing database backups and restores
- Monitoring database performance and optimizing query execution

5. Database Performance Tuning and Optimization
- Analyzing database performance bottlenecks
- Optimizing database schemas and indexes
- Implementing caching and query optimization techniques

6. Data Security and Compliance
- Securing data in GCP databases
- Implementing encryption and access controls
- Ensuring compliance with data privacy regulations

Exam Objectives:

1. Understand the key features and services of Google Cloud Platform (GCP) databases.
2. Plan and design database architectures based on business requirements.
3. Implement and deploy GCP database solutions.
4. Manage and monitor database operations and configurations.
5. Perform database performance tuning and optimization.
6. Ensure data security and compliance in GCP databases.

Exam Syllabus:

Section 1: Google Cloud Platform Overview (15%)
- Overview of GCP services
- GCP database offerings and features

Section 2: Database Planning and Design (20%)
- Assessing business requirements
- Database architecture and schema design
- Scalability, availability, and disaster recovery planning

Section 3: Database Implementation and Deployment (20%)
- Deploying and provisioning database instances
- Security and access control configuration
- Data migration to GCP databases

Section 4: Database Management and Monitoring (20%)
- Managing database operations and configurations
- Backup and restore procedures
- Performance monitoring and query optimization

Section 5: Database Performance Tuning and Optimization (15%)
- Performance bottleneck analysis
- Schema and index optimization
- Caching and query optimization techniques

Section 6: Data Security and Compliance (10%)
- Database security measures
- Encryption and access control implementation
- Compliance with data privacy regulations



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Brave Software dumps Bing and Google indexes

Riding the wave of big tech suspicion 

Brave Software, maker of the Brave web browser, has tuned its search engine away from Bing to capitalise on the anti-big tech market.

The company said that image and video results from Brave Search -- available on the web at search.brave.com and via its browser -- will be served from Brave's own index. Search indexes are made by visiting online resources -- typically web pages, images, videos, or other files -- with a crawler bot and recording the locations of these resources in a database. And when an internet user submits a query to a search engine, the search engine checks its index (and possible other sources) to find the addresses of resources that correspond to the query keywords. 

Brave said that its search is now 100 percent private and anonymous and argues that having its own index frees the company from content decisions made by others.

"Whether it's a matter of personal safety or personal preference, users should be able to discover content without their search engine reporting and profiling those results to a Big Tech company."  

"Brave is on a mission to build a user-first Web. That mission starts with the Brave browser and Brave Search. With the release of image and video search, we're continuing to innovate within the search industry, providing viable and preferable products for users who want choice and transparency in their search for information online," a Brave spokesman said.

Practically they have noticed that the number of useful searches has dropped on Brave. Hopefully it will get a bit better over time.


Google Invests $300 Million in AI That Passed Law School Exam

Google's doin' their darndest to level the playing field. Green Isn't Your Color

Two months after OpenAI's surprise ChatGPT release caused Google to issue an internal "code red," the search giant is finally making — or at least, doin' their darndest to make — big moves to catch up.

Coupled with the announcement that in the coming weeks the company will be releasing its own AI-powered search-oriented chatbot dubbed "Bard," Google has also invested a cool 300 million bones into the up-and-coming AI startup Anthropic, according to The Financial Times.

Per the FT, Google now has a 10 percent stake in the startup, to which Google will reportedly mostly be a technological and financial supplier. And though $300 million into Anthropic is small beans compared to rival Microsoft's mammoth $10 billion cash infusion into OpenAI, the investment certainly feels like a big statement.

OpenAI has a pretty serious headstart in the AI marketplace, achieved by bringing ChatGPT to the masses arguably too soon, without the precaution that the company was originally founded to protect. And unlike OpenAI, Anthropic's products are mostly under wraps, though it is known that an Anthropic-made chatbot called "Claude" passed a blindly-graded George Mason University law and economics exam — an impressive accomplishment, and one that may well make Anthropic a legitimate OpenAI rival.

AIrms Race

It's no secret that Google's playing catchup right now. And from a business perspective, they should be.

Though Microsoft's Bing has long been the butt of the joke, Microsoft's decision to infuse ChatGPT — the fastest-growing app in history — into its search engine might just breathe new life into the platform. And search aside, it's generally just in Google's best interest, as a company that's been throwing its technological force behind AI projects for some time now, to get its own products into the AI arena before rival products' influences are too far cemented.

But regardless of how these next few weeks and months shake out for any of these companies involved, Google's choices, here, are significant, if only symbolically.

It's one thing for VCs, who throw a lot of money-shaped spaghetti at a lot of walls, to invest in AI as the next big thing; Google, one of the most powerful companies on Earth, looks a little desperate to level the AI playing field.

And in doing so, they're adding more fuel — in the form of more and better-funded competition — to the AI arms race fire.

READ MORE: Google invests $300mn in artificial intelligence start-up Anthropic [The Financial Times]

More on Anthropic: Dark Horse AI Gets Passing Grade in Law Exam


Alphabet dumps more than 90% of its stake in Robinhood

The Google headquarters in Mountain View, California, Jan. 30, 2023.

Marlena Sloss | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Google parent Alphabet has pared back large positions in multiple publicly traded firms, including the trading platform Robinhood, the gene testing company 23andMe and language learning startup Duolingo.

The company dumped nearly 90% of its stake in Robinhood, according to SEC filings. The company sold off more than 4.3 million shares of the fintech stock during the period ending June 30. Robinhood posted its first profit as a publicly traded company on Aug. 2.

Robinhood has struggled since its 2021 initial public offering. The company saw a surge of users during the Covid-19 pandemic, drawn in by the flourishing tech trade. But the company was also at the center of a scandal over its role in the "meme stock" mania and retail trading outrage at payment for order flow.

Still, the company reported stronger-than-expected earnings, turning 3 cents per share for the second quarter compared with a Refinitiv consensus estimate of a 1 cent per share loss. Monthly active users, a key benchmark for Wall Street, remain depressed quarter over quarter and year over year.

Alphabet still held about 612,000 shares of Robinhood as of June 30.

Alphabet also trimmed significant positions in Duolingo and 23andMe. It sold about 523,000 shares of Duolingo. The company had previously held more than 6.7 million shares of 23andMe, the gene testing startup co-founded by Anne Wojcicki, the former wife of Google co-founder Sergey Brin. Alphabet sold them by the end of the period ending June 30.


 


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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug