Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : MS-740
Exam Name : Troubleshooting Microsoft Teams
Vendor Name : Microsoft
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MS-740 test Format | MS-740 Course Contents | MS-740 Course Outline | MS-740 test Syllabus | MS-740 test Objectives


Exam Number: MB-340MS-740

Exam Name : Troubleshooting Microsoft Teams



Exam TOPICS



Candidates for this test are support engineers responsible for supporting Microsoft Teams environments, troubleshooting deployments, tuning performance, collecting and analyzing telemetry and log data, and managing Teams environments.



Candidates should have significant exposure to unified communications and hands-on experience with Microsoft Teams. In addition, candidates should have networking knowledge of Azure fundamentals, telephony, PowerShell, data storage technologies, APIs, app security, authentication and authorization, security, and compliance information, debugging, performance tuning, and monitoring.



Troubleshoot Microsoft Teams voice issues (15-20%)

Troubleshoot issues with Microsoft Teams meetings and live events (20-25%)

Troubleshoot federation issues (10-15%)

Troubleshoot issues signing into Microsoft Teams (15-20%)

Troubleshoot teams and channels (10-15%)

Troubleshoot issues with files (15-20%)



Troubleshoot Microsoft Teams voice issues (15-20%)

Troubleshoot audio and video flow issues

 troubleshoot audio and video quality issues

 troubleshoot call drops

 investigate issues with call quality and dropped calls by using Call Quality Dashboard, network tracing tools, and logs

Troubleshoot emergency calling issues

 configure dynamic emergency calling

 identify issues with emergency phone number normalization rules

 troubleshoot location detection failures

 troubleshoot missing locations in outbound calls and missing addresses

 troubleshoot dial mask issues

Troubleshoot direct routing issues

 troubleshoot issues pairing the Session Border Controller (SBC) with the phone number

service

 troubleshoot dial plan issues including normalization rules

 identify the root cause of direct-dialing call issues by reviewing the SBC log

 troubleshoot audio conferencing issues including provisioning and configuration issues

Troubleshoot issues with Microsoft Teams meetings and live events

(20-25%)

Troubleshoot live events issues

 troubleshoot meeting creation and scheduling issues

 troubleshoot recording issues including policies related to recording

 investigate issues sharing content and viewing reports

 troubleshoot reporting issues including issues with attendance reports and moderated

questions

 troubleshoot attendee access and playback issues

 troubleshoot and optimize networks for Teams live events

 investigate issues connecting to the service and joining meetings

Configure and troubleshoot Teams services

 configure Microsoft Audio Conferencing licensing

 troubleshoot dial pad issues

 troubleshoot phone number provisioning issues

 configure and troubleshoot issues with the Outlook add-in for Teams

 troubleshoot issues enabling and configuring audio and video devices for Teams

 troubleshoot online and hybrid call queues and auto-attendant issues

 troubleshoot user provisioning issues including licensing users, phone number

assignments, and policies

 troubleshoot issues with phone system features

 investigate phone system setup and configuration issues

Troubleshoot Teams client issues

 troubleshoot Teams client startup issues and crashes on Windows, Mac, and Linux

devices

 investigate causes for high memory or CPU usage

 investigate network issues including network latency

 analyze web traffic and review HTTP status codes by using Fiddler and other tools

 troubleshoot issues installing and updating client software

 troubleshoot performance issues including long times for uploading files and chats slow

to load or send

 troubleshoot call setup issues

 troubleshoot issues adding participants to meetings

Troubleshoot messaging issues

 troubleshoot message delivery issues

 troubleshoot issues attaching files and content to messages

 troubleshoot chat notification issues

Troubleshoot federation issues (10-15%)

Troubleshoot issues interoperating with Skype for Business

 investigate chat issues when interoperating with Skype for Business

 troubleshoot federation issues between Teams and Skype or Skype for Business

 troubleshooting Interop chat scenarios

Troubleshoot Teams federation issues

 configure federation policies and domain lists

 verify tenant configuration settings including allowed and blocked domain lists and type

of federation

Troubleshoot issues signing into Microsoft Teams (15-20%)

Troubleshoot account and network issues

 verify Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) health including endpoint availability

and synchronization status

 troubleshoot issues with Azure Active Directory Seamless Single Sign-On (Azure AD

Seamless SSO)

 identify reasons for blocked accounts by reviewing web log data

 verify user virtual private network (VPN) configuration settings including split tunneling

and client version

 validate network configuration settings including firewall ports, IP ranges, and proxy

configuration issues

Troubleshoot member sign-in issues

 investigate authentication issues

 verify whether an applied conditional access policy prevents sign in

 determine whether a user account or the device from which a user attempts to sign in is

the cause of a sign-in issue

 troubleshoot client sign-in issues by collecting and analyzing Teams debug logs

 troubleshoot Teams Rooms System (TRS) sign-in issues by analyzing log data from

Teams Room devices

 investigate points of failure in the sign-in process flow

Troubleshoot guest access issues

 troubleshoot issues adding guest users to teams

 troubleshoot call, message, and meeting issues for guest users by checking the guest

meeting, guest messaging, and guest calling configuration policies

 audit invitations sent but not used and inactive accounts

 validate configuration settings for federated message flow

 review Azure sign-in logs and audit logs for the domain which hosts Teams

Troubleshoot teams and channels (10-15%)

Troubleshoot issues with apps

 configure Teams to allow or block an app

 validate app permission policies

 configure app setup policies

Troubleshoot issues with public and private channels

 differentiate between capabilities of public and private channels

 identify limitations for private channels

 check user permissions, team policies, and tenant policies

 verify and troubleshoot channel email settings

 troubleshoot tenant replication issues in teams and channels

 troubleshoot deletion issues in teams and channels

Troubleshoot issues with files (15-20%)

Troubleshoot person-to-person (P2P) private chat file issues including access and sharing

 verify access rights for the user

 configure a Teams client configuration policy

 troubleshoot issues provisioning users

Troubleshoot file issues for private channels

 verify that the SharePoint site for the channel is accessible

 verify SharePoint access permissions

 confirm that the SharePoint site collection link is intact

Troubleshoot file issues for public channels

 verify SharePoint access permissions

 determine whether the name for a channel or team have been changed

 confirm that the SharePoint site collection link is intact

 troubleshoot file synchronization issues and missing files



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug