Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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Exam Number : MS-740
Exam Name : Troubleshooting Microsoft Teams
Vendor Name : Microsoft
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MS-740 test Format | MS-740 Course Contents | MS-740 Course Outline | MS-740 test Syllabus | MS-740 test Objectives
Exam Number: MB-340MS-740
Exam Name : Troubleshooting Microsoft Teams
Exam TOPICS
Candidates for this test are support engineers responsible for supporting Microsoft Teams environments, troubleshooting deployments, tuning performance, collecting and analyzing telemetry and log data, and managing Teams environments.
Candidates should have significant exposure to unified communications and hands-on experience with Microsoft Teams. In addition, candidates should have networking knowledge of Azure fundamentals, telephony, PowerShell, data storage technologies, APIs, app security, authentication and authorization, security, and compliance information, debugging, performance tuning, and monitoring.
Troubleshoot Microsoft Teams voice issues (15-20%)
Troubleshoot issues with Microsoft Teams meetings and live events (20-25%)
Troubleshoot federation issues (10-15%)
Troubleshoot issues signing into Microsoft Teams (15-20%)
Troubleshoot teams and channels (10-15%)
Troubleshoot issues with files (15-20%)
Troubleshoot Microsoft Teams voice issues (15-20%)
Troubleshoot audio and video flow issues
troubleshoot audio and video quality issues
troubleshoot call drops
investigate issues with call quality and dropped calls by using Call Quality Dashboard, network tracing tools, and logs
Troubleshoot emergency calling issues
configure dynamic emergency calling
identify issues with emergency phone number normalization rules
troubleshoot location detection failures
troubleshoot missing locations in outbound calls and missing addresses
troubleshoot dial mask issues
Troubleshoot direct routing issues
troubleshoot issues pairing the Session Border Controller (SBC) with the phone number
service
troubleshoot dial plan issues including normalization rules
identify the root cause of direct-dialing call issues by reviewing the SBC log
troubleshoot audio conferencing issues including provisioning and configuration issues
Troubleshoot issues with Microsoft Teams meetings and live events
(20-25%)
Troubleshoot live events issues
troubleshoot meeting creation and scheduling issues
troubleshoot recording issues including policies related to recording
investigate issues sharing content and viewing reports
troubleshoot reporting issues including issues with attendance reports and moderated
questions
troubleshoot attendee access and playback issues
troubleshoot and optimize networks for Teams live events
investigate issues connecting to the service and joining meetings
Configure and troubleshoot Teams services
configure Microsoft Audio Conferencing licensing
troubleshoot dial pad issues
troubleshoot phone number provisioning issues
configure and troubleshoot issues with the Outlook add-in for Teams
troubleshoot issues enabling and configuring audio and video devices for Teams
troubleshoot online and hybrid call queues and auto-attendant issues
troubleshoot user provisioning issues including licensing users, phone number
assignments, and policies
troubleshoot issues with phone system features
investigate phone system setup and configuration issues
Troubleshoot Teams client issues
troubleshoot Teams client startup issues and crashes on Windows, Mac, and Linux
devices
investigate causes for high memory or CPU usage
investigate network issues including network latency
analyze web traffic and review HTTP status codes by using Fiddler and other tools
troubleshoot issues installing and updating client software
troubleshoot performance issues including long times for uploading files and chats slow
to load or send
troubleshoot call setup issues
troubleshoot issues adding participants to meetings
Troubleshoot messaging issues
troubleshoot message delivery issues
troubleshoot issues attaching files and content to messages
troubleshoot chat notification issues
Troubleshoot federation issues (10-15%)
Troubleshoot issues interoperating with Skype for Business
investigate chat issues when interoperating with Skype for Business
troubleshoot federation issues between Teams and Skype or Skype for Business
troubleshooting Interop chat scenarios
Troubleshoot Teams federation issues
configure federation policies and domain lists
verify tenant configuration settings including allowed and blocked domain lists and type
of federation
Troubleshoot issues signing into Microsoft Teams (15-20%)
Troubleshoot account and network issues
verify Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) health including endpoint availability
and synchronization status
troubleshoot issues with Azure Active Directory Seamless Single Sign-On (Azure AD
Seamless SSO)
identify reasons for blocked accounts by reviewing web log data
verify user virtual private network (VPN) configuration settings including split tunneling
and client version
validate network configuration settings including firewall ports, IP ranges, and proxy
configuration issues
Troubleshoot member sign-in issues
investigate authentication issues
verify whether an applied conditional access policy prevents sign in
determine whether a user account or the device from which a user attempts to sign in is
the cause of a sign-in issue
troubleshoot client sign-in issues by collecting and analyzing Teams debug logs
troubleshoot Teams Rooms System (TRS) sign-in issues by analyzing log data from
Teams Room devices
investigate points of failure in the sign-in process flow
Troubleshoot guest access issues
troubleshoot issues adding guest users to teams
troubleshoot call, message, and meeting issues for guest users by checking the guest
meeting, guest messaging, and guest calling configuration policies
audit invitations sent but not used and inactive accounts
validate configuration settings for federated message flow
review Azure sign-in logs and audit logs for the domain which hosts Teams
Troubleshoot teams and channels (10-15%)
Troubleshoot issues with apps
configure Teams to allow or block an app
validate app permission policies
configure app setup policies
Troubleshoot issues with public and private channels
differentiate between capabilities of public and private channels
identify limitations for private channels
check user permissions, team policies, and tenant policies
verify and troubleshoot channel email settings
troubleshoot tenant replication issues in teams and channels
troubleshoot deletion issues in teams and channels
Troubleshoot issues with files (15-20%)
Troubleshoot person-to-person (P2P) private chat file issues including access and sharing
verify access rights for the user
configure a Teams client configuration policy
troubleshoot issues provisioning users
Troubleshoot file issues for private channels
verify that the SharePoint site for the channel is accessible
verify SharePoint access permissions
confirm that the SharePoint site collection link is intact
Troubleshoot file issues for public channels
verify SharePoint access permissions
determine whether the name for a channel or team have been changed
confirm that the SharePoint site collection link is intact
troubleshoot file synchronization issues and missing files
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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug