Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Certification-Board NCE : National Counselor exam Dumps

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Latest 2023 Updated Certification-Board National Counselor Syllabus
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Exam Number : NCE
Exam Name : National Counselor
Vendor Name : Certification-Board
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NCE exam Format | NCE Course Contents | NCE Course Outline | NCE exam Syllabus | NCE exam Objectives

This handbook provides information about the examination and registration process for the National
Counselor Exam (NCE). It outlines the design and content of the examination and guides candidates
through the examination process, from registration through test-taking.

The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) is internationally recognized as a leading provider of
national counselor certification. Additionally, 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia administer
NBCC examinations as part of their counselor credentialing requirements. Based on its reputation for
excellence in the examination field, NBCC has provided consultation services for examination and credential
development to many other organizations in the United States and abroad, including NBCCs affiliate the
Center for Credentialing & Education (CCE). NBCC has contracted with CCE to oversee the certification
examination process.

The examination is delivered in a pencil and paper format at more than 75 national sites and 350 campuses
located throughout the United States. NBCC has contracted with Pearson VUE to assist in the electronic
administration of the examination delivered either on college campuses or at Pearson VUE test centers. The
examination is administered twice a year, in April and October. The examination is usually held on the third
Saturday of the month.

You may postpone or defer your examination date to the next available administration without penalty as long
as you contact NBCC more than 30 days prior to the exam date. If your request is less than 30 days prior to the
exam or if you do not take the exam on your scheduled date, you will pay a $150 reregistration fee to take it
on the next administration date. If an emergency (illness, accident, death in the family, etc.) prevents you from
taking the exam on your scheduled date, you may be eligible for a waiver of the reregistration fee, depending
on your specific circumstances.

The National Counselor Exam (NCE) is a 200-question, multiple- choice, nonsectioned examination.
The NCE represents each of the original eight CACREP (Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related
Educational Programs) content areas, with question content also emerging from the five work behaviors
determined by NBCCs national job analysis. Thus, the content validity of the NCE is anchored on the five
empirically validated work behaviors determined to be most relevant for competent counseling practice and
the eight CACREP curriculum educational standards.
A different form (version) of the NCE is compiled for each administration of the examination.
Each forms questions, which are drawn from the item pool for the NCE, have undergone extensive review
and field-testing.

Although each form of the NCE contains different questions, the content areas and the respective numbers of
questions representing those areas are consistent. Within the set of 200 questions on each form of the NCE, 160
of the questions are counted for the purpose of determining whether you surpass the minimum criterion (i.e.,
“passing”) score for that form. Thus, the maximum possible score a respondent can achieve is 160.

The remaining 40 items are unscored field-test items. Field-test items are included on the exam to gather item
statistics to evaluate their performance for use on future exams.

The following is an outline of the eight CACREP domains on which the examination questions are based:

1. Human Growth and Development — Studies that provide an understanding of the nature and needs of
individuals at all developmental levels.

2. Social and Cultural Diversity — Studies that provide an understanding of issues and trends in a
multicultural and diverse society.

3. Counseling and Helping Relationships — Studies that provide an understanding of counseling and
consultation processes.

4. Group Counseling and Group Work — Studies that provide an understanding of group development,
dynamics, counseling theories, group counseling methods and skills, and other group work approaches.

5. Career Counseling — Studies that provide an understanding of career development.

6. Assessment and Testing — Studies that provide an understanding of individual and group approaches to
assessment and evaluation.

7. Research and Program Evaluation — Studies that provide an understanding of types of research methods,
basic statistics, and ethical and legal considerations in research.

8. Professional Counseling Orientation and Ethical Practice — Studies that provide an understanding of
all aspects of professional functioning, including history, roles, organizational structures, ethics, standards
and credentialing.

7
The following is an outline of the five work behavior domains derived from a job analysis of professional
counselors. The descriptions of the work behaviors are intended to be broad examples and are not exhaustive.

1. Fundamental Counseling Issues — Theory and application of counseling clients with conditions that
may be a focus of clinical attention, and clients with various disorders including but not limited to
neurocognitive, personality, anxiety and depressive disorders.

2. Counseling Process — Assessing a clients course of development or ones appropriateness for working
with a specific client. Conducting diagnostic interviews, distance counseling and school/community
outreach.

3. Diagnostic and Assessment Services — Assessing clients educational preparation and potential for harm
to self and others. Conducting biopsychosocial interviews, initial exams and custody evaluations.
4. Professional Practice — Advocating for client needs and the profession of counseling. Applying career
counseling interventions, current counseling and multicultural counseling models.

5. Professional Development, Supervision and Consultation — Communicating with credentialing boards
and consulting with the justice system, peers or other professionals, prescribers of medications, and
professional organizations.

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Certification-Board National exam syllabus

AANP Vs. ANCC: Choosing An NP Certification

Editorial Note: They earn a commission from partner links on Forbes Advisor. Commissions do not affect their editors' opinions or evaluations.

Becoming a nurse practitioner (NP), a type of advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), requires significant education and training, as well as knowledge, skills and competencies. Aspiring NPs must be licensed registered nurses (RNs), hold a bachelor of science in nursing and complete a masters in nursing or a doctorate of nursing program graduate programs.

The last step on the long journey to becoming an NP is passing a national nursing certification exam in your specialization. Passing the right exam demonstrates your advanced clinical knowledge and skills and shows employers you can succeed as an NP in your specialty.

Two national organizations, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), offer nurse practitioner certifications. You must pass a board certification exam from either AANP or ANCC to become an NP.

NPs specializing in family or adult-gerontology primary care can take either an AANP exam or an ANCC exam. For other practice specialties, like psychiatric-mental health, only one organization offers the relevant exam and credential.

Learn more about AANP vs. ANCC nursing certifications, and figure out which path is right for you.

AANP vs. ANCC

AANP and ANCC both offer NP certifications and board certification exams. AANP is a membership organization representing more than 121,000 nurse practitioners across North America. Its credentialing arm is the AANP Certification Board (AANPCB), which only offers NP certifications.

ANCC is an offshoot of the American Nurses Association (ANA), a professional group with 4 million members in the United States. ANCC administers certifications to both NPs and registered nurses with an associates degree or bachelor’s degree in nursing.

If you’re pursuing NP certification in family or adult-gerontology primary care, you can do so through AANPCB or ANCC. Other NP specializations do not offer a choice; you must take the relevant certification exam from whichever organization offers it.

For example, aspiring emergency nurse practitioners can only pursue certification through AANPCB. NPs seeking to specialize in psychiatric mental health, on the other hand, must earn their credentials through ANCC.

What Is the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (AANPCB)?

AANP created AANPCB, a nonprofit credentialing organization for nurse practitioners, to offer NP certifications in the following specialties:

Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (A-GNP)

Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP)

Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP)

AANP members receive a $75 discount on AANPCB certification applications.

Certifications Offered by AANPCB Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (A-GNP)

The A-GNP certification demonstrates clinical knowledge of adults from age 13 until advanced age and end-of-life. This certification qualifies you for NP licensure specializing in adult patients. A-GNPs have demonstrated expertise and competencies in health exam, pathophysiology, pharmacology, treatment and management of acute and chronic conditions, and evidence-based practice.

The certification’s competency-based exam includes 150 questions, including 15 pre-test questions that do not count toward your score. The test covers exam, diagnosis, plan and evaluation domains, including questions about all age parameters. Online applications cost $240 for AANP members and $315 for nonmembers. Prices may change over time and discounts may be available for members of specific nursing organizations. Members should check with their association membership offices to see if discounts are applicable.

A-GNP applicants must hold an active RN license. Other eligibility requirements include a minimum of 500 graduate level clinical practicum hours and successful completion of a graduate or postgraduate adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioner program at an accredited school of nursing.

To find out more about earning RN licensure, review their guide on how to become an RN.

Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP)

The FNP certification qualifies holders to apply for a state license to practice as an FNP offering primary care across the life span, from prenatal patients to older adults.

The competency-based exam includes 150 questions (135 scored questions and 15 unscored pretest questions). The test assesses knowledge of various age and practice domains like exam, evaluation, diagnosis and planning. It covers syllabus like cultural competence, crisis management, pain management and anatomy.

FNP applicants with AANP memberships pay $240 to apply online, while nonmembers pay $315. Eligibility requirements for the FNP include an active RN license, completion of a graduate or postgraduate family nurse practitioner program at an accredited school and at least 500 clinical hours.

To learn more, see their guide on how to become a family nurse practitioner.

What Is the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)?

As part of ANA, ANCC offers various certifications to help NPs and RNs advance their careers. ANCC’s NP certifications include:

Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Certification (AGACNP-BC®)

Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Certification (AGPCNP-BC®)

Family Nurse Practitioner Certification (FNP-BC™)

Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (Across the Lifespan) Certification (PMHNP-BC™)

In addition to providing certifications, ANCC also accredits healthcare organizations that offer or approve continuing education for nurses. ANCC recognizes healthcare organizations that encourage safe and effective nursing practice as well. ANA members can save $100 on ANCC’s NP certification application fees.

NP Certifications Offered by ANCC Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Certification (AGPCNP-BC)

ANCC’s AGPCNP-BC credential qualifies you to practice as an entry-level adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioner. To qualify for the AGPCNP-BC, you must hold RN licensure and pass a national certification exam.

To obtain this credential, you must earn an accredited AGPCNP master’s in nursing, a DNP or a postgraduate certificate including at least 500 supervised clinical hours. Applicants must complete three APRN core graduate courses in advanced physiology or pathophysiology, advanced health exam and advanced pharmacology.

The Accreditation Board for Specialty Nursing Certification provides accreditation for this certification, which requires renewal every five years. For initial certification, ANA members pay $295, and nonmembers pay $395. AANP members, AANP student members and Gerontological Advanced Practice Nurses Association (GAPNA) members also receive discounts.

The AGPCNP exam assesses competency in clinical knowledge and skills for this specialty. The competency-based test lasts 3.5 hours and includes 175 questions (150 scored and 25 unscored pretest questions). Questions cover the patient exam process, plan of care and professional practice, spanning different age groups, body systems and drug agents.

You can take ANCC’s Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Readiness Test to assess your preparedness for the official exam. You can use ANCC’s study aids to prepare for the test.

Family Nurse Practitioner Certification (FNP-BC)

ANCC’s FNP-BC credential qualifies you to apply for state licensure to work as a family nurse practitioner. This certification requires renewal every five years.

To earn this credential, you must pass the competency-based FNP-BC exam to demonstrate that you have the clinical skills and knowledge necessary for FNP work. The 3.5-hour test includes 175 questions (150 scored questions and 25 unscored pretest questions). exam content covers exam, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation with questions about different age groups, drug agents and body systems.

ANA members pay $295 for initial certification; nonmembers pay $395. AANP members, AANP student members and GAPNA members also receive discounts.

Eligibility requirements for the FNP-BC certification include a current RN license and an FNP master’s, postgraduate certificate or DNP from an accredited school. The FNP program must include 500 faculty-supervised clinical hours. Applicants must also complete three graduate-level APRN core courses covering advanced physiology or pathophysiology, advanced health exam and advanced pharmacology.

You can take ANCC’s FNP readiness test to assess your exam readiness and to get a better idea of what to expect. ANCC also provides other study aids, including demo questions and a test content outline.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About AANP vs. ANCC What is the difference between AANP and ANCC?

AANP and ANCC both offer national certification exams for nurse practitioners. AANP, a professional organization for nurse practitioners, only offers NP certifications. ANCC is a wing of ANA and offers certifications for RNs at various levels, including NPs.

What does certification for an NP mean?

NPs must earn certification to apply for a state license to practice their specialty. To obtain certification, you must pass a national board exam in your NP specialty area. You must also meet other requirements, including holding an RN license, earning a BSN degree and completing a graduate NP program with at least 500 clinical hours.

Corewell Health surgeon appointed to national certification board

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. — A Corewell Health surgeon was appointed chair of the American Board of Surgery (ABS)!

The healthcare system tells us Dr. M. Ashraf Mansour will serve on the Board for the 2023–24 term.

Dr. Mansour is Corewell Health’s chief vascular surgeon.

The ABS certifies surgeons and other medical specialists in the U.S.

Dr. Mansour first served on the ABS in 2016, according to Corewell Health. He served on the Board of Directors until 2019, after which he became a director of ABS’s governing board.

“It is a great honor to serve as the American Board of Surgery chair this year,” says Dr. Mansour. “I am very proud of all the accomplishments of the Board since I joined in 2016, from governance redesign to leading by example on diversity, equity, and inclusion.”

We’re told surgeons must have five or more years of residency training under their belts after completing medical school and meet ABS’s training and examination prerequisites to be certified by the ABS.

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CFP Board Announces July 2023 CFP® Certification exam Results

WASHINGTON, Aug. 15, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- CFP Board today announced the results of the July 2023 CFP® Certification Exam. The exam was administered during a July 11-18 testing window to 2,926 candidates, with 6% of candidates testing remotely. The pass rate for the July exam was 67%.

According to the July 2023 post-exam survey, the main reason exam-takers are pursuing CFP® certification is to demonstrate experience on the job (41%), followed by to distinguish themselves as a fiduciary (25%). Of the exam-takers, 77% reported receiving some level of financial support from their employers during the CFP® certification process.

Registration for the CFP® exam showed that 71% of July candidates are under 40 years old and 38% are under 30 years old.

The top three CFP Board exam preparation resources used by exam-takers were CFP Board Practice exam 1, the exam Candidate Handbook and the Candidate Preparation Toolkit. Other resources used included CFP Board supplementary resources and guidance documents, the CFP Board Candidate Forum and webinars. The 10 states with the most exam-takers were California, Texas, Pennsylvania, Florida, Illinois, New York, North Carolina, Colorado, Ohio and Massachusetts, with 1,562 candidates from these states sitting for the exam.

"As CFP Board continues to foster growth in the financial planning profession, they are committed to providing access to the tools CFP® certification candidates need to prepare for the exam," said CFP Board CEO Kevin R. Keller, CAE. "Congratulations to candidates from across the country for passing this rigorous exam."

Statistics from previous exams — including those from the July 2023 exam — are available on CFP Board's exam statistics webpage.

November 2023 Exam

The CFP® exam is offered three times annually, in March, July and November. Registration for the November 2023 CFP® Certification exam is now open. This exam will be administered from October 31 through November 7, 2023. The registration deadline is October 17, and the Education Verification deadline is October 10. Testing appointments are scheduled on a first-come, first-served basis. They therefore encourage individuals to register for the exam at least 60 days in advance for the best date and site availability. Early registrants who schedule exams by September 5 are eligible for a discount.

To begin the path to certification, CFP® certification candidates should create accounts on CFP.net. Here, they can access resources for all stages of their certification journey.

ABOUT CFP BOARD CFP Board is the professional body for personal financial planners in the U.S. CFP Board consists of two affiliated organizations focused on advancing the financial planning profession for the public's benefit. CFP Board of Standards sets and upholds standards for financial planning and administers the prestigious CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ certification — widely recognized by the public, advisors and firms as the standard for financial planners — so that the public has access to the benefits of competent and ethical financial planning. CFP® certification is held by more than 96,000 people in the U.S. CFP Board Center for Financial Planning addresses diversity and workforce development challenges and conducts and publishes research that adds to the financial planning profession's body of knowledge.

View original content to obtain multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cfp-board-announces-july-2023-cfp-certification-exam-results-301901084.html

SOURCE Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc.

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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

Betriebsunterbrechung
Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
Mehrkosten
Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
Cyber-Erpressung
Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
Ersatz-IT-Hardware
Cyber-Betrug