Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : PSAT-RW
Exam Name : Preliminary SAT - National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (Reading-Writing)
Vendor Name : SAT
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Exam Details:
- Number of Questions: The PSAT-RW test consists of two main sections: practicing and Writing and Language. The specific number of questions may vary, but typically, the practicing section includes about 47 questions, and the Writing and Language section includes about 44 questions.

- Time: Candidates are given a total of 60 minutes for the practicing section and 35 minutes for the Writing and Language section, resulting in a total testing time of 95 minutes.

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1. practicing Section:
- practicing comprehension of fiction and non-fiction passages
- Analyzing main ideas and supporting details
- Identifying author's purpose, tone, and perspective
- Drawing inferences and making conclusions
- Understanding vocabulary in context

2. Writing and Language Section:
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1. practicing Section:
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Teen who stormed Capitol on Jan. 6, sat in Pence chair sentenced to prison

A Georgia man who stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, assaulted an officer and sat in former Vice President Mike Pence’s chair was sentenced Wednesday to one year in prison.

Bruno Joseph Cua, who was 18 at the time of the riot, was sentenced to a year and a day followed by three years of supervised release, much lower than the federal prosecution’s request of more than 4.5 years, according to a sentencing memo filed in May. 

The now 21-year-old was found guilty of two felony charges earlier this year, including obstruction of an official proceeding and assaulting, resisting, interfering with, intimidating, opposing or impeding officers. In May, federal prosecutors said Cua was the sixth youngest person to be charged in the Capitol attack, according to the sentencing memo.

Federal prosecutors with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia argued while he is one of the youngest to be charged, Cua was “not a child” on Jan. 6, noting, “Americans who reach the age of 18 are entrusted with several important responsibilities and duties.”

Federal prosecutors said Cua attended the rally at the Washington Monument with his parents on Jan. 6 before walking towards the Capitol and separating from them, according to the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia.

Cua then climbed the scaffolding of the Capitol before going inside to the third floor of the building. Despite blaring alarms and Capitol police in the area, prosecutors said Cua walked through the hallway with a baton in his hands, yelling, “This is what happens when you piss off patriots,” and, “Where are the swamp rats hiding?”

While Capitol Police tried to lock the doors to the Senate Gallery, Cua shoved an officer, and the officers withdrew from the doors without locking them, prosecutors said. Once inside, Cua yelled, “This is their house! This is their country,” sat in Pence’s chair and put his feet up on the desk. Prosecutors said he accessed multiple desks of senators and assisted other rioters in getting into the Senate chamber. 

“Cua played a unique and prominent role on January 6, opening the Senate Chamber to rioters, escalating confrontations, and leading other rioters into and through the Capitol,” prosecutors said in their sentencing memo.

The investigation found Cua posted multiple times on social media, promoting the use of violence to stop the certification of the electoral vote, according to the sentencing memo. Cua posted claims that the 2020 presidential election was stolen and “made clear that he did not believe that peaceful protesting would be effective and that violence was necessary.” 

Cua confirmed his participation in the riot on social media and posted about “the use of violence during the riot, and his belief that additional violence may be necessary in the future,” according to prosecutors. 

Before he was sentenced, Cua apologized for his actions on Jan. 6 and said he was ashamed of his role, according to The Associated Press. 

“Everything that day was just one terrible decision after another,” he said.

The judge reportedly was going to give Cua a longer prison sentence before Wednesday’s statement, but said he thinks he showed true remorse. 

Since the Capitol riot, federal prosecutors estimate more than 1,069 people have been arrested in almost all 50 states in connection with the breach. 

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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Teen who stormed Capitol on Jan. 6, sat in Pence chair sentenced to prison

A Georgia man who stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, assaulted an officer and sat in former Vice President Mike Pence’s chair was sentenced Wednesday to one year in prison.

Bruno Joseph Cua, who was 18 at the time of the riot, was sentenced to a year and a day followed by three years of supervised release, much lower than the federal prosecution’s request of more than 4.5 years, according to a sentencing memo filed in May. 

The now 21-year-old was found guilty of two felony charges earlier this year, including obstruction of an official proceeding and assaulting, resisting, interfering with, intimidating, opposing or impeding officers. In May, federal prosecutors said Cua was the sixth youngest person to be charged in the Capitol attack, according to the sentencing memo.

Federal prosecutors with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia argued while he is one of the youngest to be charged, Cua was “not a child” on Jan. 6, noting, “Americans who reach the age of 18 are entrusted with several important responsibilities and duties.”

Federal prosecutors said Cua attended the rally at the Washington Monument with his parents on Jan. 6 before walking towards the Capitol and separating from them, according to the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia.

Cua then climbed the scaffolding of the Capitol before going inside to the third floor of the building. Despite blaring alarms and Capitol police in the area, prosecutors said Cua walked through the hallway with a baton in his hands, yelling, “This is what happens when you piss off patriots,” and, “Where are the swamp rats hiding?”

While Capitol Police tried to lock the doors to the Senate Gallery, Cua shoved an officer, and the officers withdrew from the doors without locking them, prosecutors said. Once inside, Cua yelled, “This is their house! This is their country,” sat in Pence’s chair and put his feet up on the desk. Prosecutors said he accessed multiple desks of senators and assisted other rioters in getting into the Senate chamber. 

“Cua played a unique and prominent role on January 6, opening the Senate Chamber to rioters, escalating confrontations, and leading other rioters into and through the Capitol,” prosecutors said in their sentencing memo.

The investigation found Cua posted multiple times on social media, promoting the use of violence to stop the certification of the electoral vote, according to the sentencing memo. Cua posted claims that the 2020 presidential election was stolen and “made clear that he did not believe that peaceful protesting would be effective and that violence was necessary.” 

Cua confirmed his participation in the riot on social media and posted about “the use of violence during the riot, and his belief that additional violence may be necessary in the future,” according to prosecutors. 

Before he was sentenced, Cua apologized for his actions on Jan. 6 and said he was ashamed of his role, according to The Associated Press. 

“Everything that day was just one terrible decision after another,” he said.

The judge reportedly was going to give Cua a longer prison sentence before Wednesday’s statement, but said he thinks he showed true remorse. 

Since the Capitol riot, federal prosecutors estimate more than 1,069 people have been arrested in almost all 50 states in connection with the breach. 

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

Close Modal Suggest a Correction Suggest a Correction
 




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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug