Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt
Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.
Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.
Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.
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Exam Number : RCDD-001
Exam Name : BICSI Registered Communications Distribution Designer
Vendor Name : BICSI
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RCDD-001 test Format | RCDD-001 Course Contents | RCDD-001 Course Outline | RCDD-001 test Syllabus | RCDD-001 test Objectives
Number of Questions : 100
Allotted test
Time : 2.5 Hours
Critical to building infrastructure development, this BICSI flagship program involves design and implementation of telecommunications distribution systems.
Being recognized as a BICSI RCDD has many advantages, including
A positive impact on your professional image
Recognition by the ICT Community as a Subject Matter Expert
New job and promotion opportunities
Higher Salary possibilities
An expanded ICT career field
Those who achieve the RCDD designation have demonstrated their knowledge in the creation, planning, integration, execution and/or detailed-oriented project management of telecommunications and data communications technology.
What you need to know about the RCDD Credential=>
- Pinnacle designation in the ICT field
- Recognized by the ICT Community and employers
- Required in bids and job requirements
- Uses the Latest Technologies, Methods and Best Practices
- Opens doors and new opportunities for career growth
- Enhances Credibility
- Recognized Globally
- Built with Your Career in Mind
- Meets the Highest Standards
Dedicated information and communications technology (ICT) professionals such as yourself recognize
and understand that holding a BICSI credential makes a difference in your career and the ICT industry.
After earning the Registered Communications Distribution Designer® (RCDD®) credential, you will
be recognized as an elite professional, knowledgeable and experienced in leading-edge ICT design
principles. They appreciate your professional commitment in demonstrating the highest, global standard
by acquiring an RCDD certification.
We develop and deliver the highest-quality credentialing programs that validate mastery in the field
of ICT and contribute to the continued improvement of individual and organizational performance.
We work closely with ICT professionals around the world to ensure that their programs are up-to-date
and relevant for todays competitive business environments.
This handbook provides an overview of the RCDD credential, including eligibility and recertification
requirements. You will find detailed information to help guide you through the entire
certification process.
Applicants must meet specific educational and/or work
experience criteria at the time they submit their application
in order to be eligible to take the RCDD exam.
The requirements are outlined below:
Option #1: 2 years of verifiable full-time work experience
in ICT design AND a current BICSI certification holder in
TECH, RTPM, DCDC or OSP.
Option #2: 2 years of verifiable full-time equivalent work
experience in ICT design AND completion of 2 years of higher
education course work in ICT. 2 years of higher education
course work in ICT may include:
• STEM or Trade school
• Two-year degree
• ICT and industry related programs, apprenticeships or certifications
• Military training equivalent
Option #3: 5 years of verifiable ICT experience
Definitions and Examples
ICT Design related work experience includes the following:
• User requirements and needs analysis
• Site surveys
• Operational requirements, schematics or conceptual drawings
• Coordinate with Architects, Professional Engineers (PE), Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), vendors, trades, design teams, and/or stakeholders
• Review and comply with standards, codes and AHJ requirements
• Review and/or creation of:
○ Request for Proposal (RFP)
○ Request for Qualification (RFQ)
○ Scope of Work (SOW)
• Detailed design, specifications and drawings including:
○ Structured cabling systems and pathways
○ Rack positioning and layout drawings
○ Grounding and bonding systems
○ Telecommunications spaces
• Project documents, including but not limited to:
○ Design drawings
○ Project specifications
○ Bill of Materials (BOM)
○ Bid documents and pricing
○ Record drawings (as-builts)
• Support and assess the installation process
Evidence of completion of higher education course
work includes:
• Certificates
• Diplomas
• Registrars documentation
• Other bona fide documents
You can expect an RCDD to follow current standards and
best practices for improved quality and performance,
including standards established and/or contributed
to by: BICSI, Telecommunications Industry Association
(TIA), American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA),
American Institute of Architects (AIA) and Construction
Specifications Institute (CSI).
RCDDs are required to demonstrate proficiency across
a wide range of areas within structured cabling
systems, including network, outside plant, wireless
and electronic safety and security design, data centers
and building automation systems (BAS). This expanded
knowledge enables the RCDD to advise the owner/end
user of the appropriate IT, AV and security requirements.
The RCDD has learned to perform the design tasks
related to these systems, including construction
drawings and specifications.
The U.S. Courts Design Guide1
requires that pathways
and spaces be designed by an RCDD. Both the U.S.
Defense Departments Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC)-
Telecommunications Building Cabling Systems Planning
and Design2 and the Armys Technical Criteria for the
Installation Information Infrastructure Architecture3
require an RCDD to provide design services.
During the Expansion of the Abu Dhabi International
Airport4
in the United Arab Emirates it was required
that the Testing Field Supervisor be an RCDD and that
cabling installers have an RCDD on staff.
1 Principles of Transmission
2 Electromagnetic Compatibility
3 Telecommunications Spaces
4 Backbone Distribution Systems
5 Horizontal Distribution Systems
6 ITS Cables and Connecting Hardware
7 Firestop Systems
8 Bonding and Grounding (Earthing)
9 Power Distribution
10 Telecommunications Administration
11 Field Testing of Structured Cabling
12 Outside Plant
13 Audiovisual Systems
14 Building Automation Systems
15 Data Networks
16 Wireless Networks
17 Electronic Safety and Security
18 Data Centers
19 Health Care
20 Residential Cabling
21 Business Development and Project Management
1. Maintain a high standard of professional conduct.
2. Protect and enhance the reputation of the BICSI organization, the credentialing program and my credential through my actions.
3. Maintain the confidentiality of privileged information entrusted or known to me by virtue of my profession or position, unless disclosure is required by law or agreement.
4. Be accurate and truthful in my dealings with clients and be careful not to misrepresent the quality, availability or ability of the services I provide.
5. Never, under any circumstances, make a recommendation misrepresenting or misstating any other individuals qualifications, abilities or accomplishments.
6. Provide unbiased, accurate and objective exams for all safety and operational deficiencies that may be
discovered during the performance of my services.
7. Refrain from representing competitors to clients, or the
public, by the use of false and misleading statements
or malicious actions, but rather work and compete with
them in a reasonable and professional manner for the
benefit and advancement of their profession.
8. Refrain from using false and misleading statements
or malicious actions that might injure another persons
reputation or bring harm to their person or property.
9. Respect a clients decision in the selection of
competitive services, and continue to offer and provide
that client with quality services for as long as is
necessary or requested.
10. Serve all members of the public impartially, providing
no substandard service based on that individuals age,
race, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation,
disability or religious belief.
11. Adhere to all relevant codes, laws, ICT industry standards
and BICSI methodologies, where appropriate.
12. Take personal responsibility to ensure that all
requirements necessary for the renewal of any
BICSI credential that I hold is met on, or before,
the expiration date.
13. Be accurate, honest and truthful in the presentation
of all educational material or in the preparation
of material orders and product availability.
14. I will not misrepresent my BICSI credential nor willingly
allow others to do so.
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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?
Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.
Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.
Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.
Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells
Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.
Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.
Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.
Nicht kriminelle Ursachen
Höhere Gewalt
Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.
Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten
Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.
Technisches Versagen
Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.
Kriminelle Ursachen
Hackerangriffe
Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.
Physischer Angriff
Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.
Erpressung
Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.
Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:
Cyber-Kosten:
- Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
- Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
- Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
- Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls
Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):
- Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
- Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
- Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
- Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
- Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
- Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
- Rechtsverteidigungskosten
Cyber-Eigenschäden:
- Betriebsunterbrechung
- Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
- Mehrkosten
- Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
- Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
- Cyber-Erpressung
- Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
- Ersatz-IT-Hardware
- Cyber-Betrug