Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Name : Certified Implementation Specialist - Risk and Compliance
Vendor Name : ServiceNow
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The ServiceNow Certified Implementation Specialist – Risk and Compliance Exam
Specification defines the purpose, audience, testing options, test content coverage,
test framework, and prerequisites to become Certified Implementation Specialist – Risk
and Compliance certified.



The Certified Implementation Specialist – Risk and Compliance test certifies that a
successful candidate has the skills and essential knowledge to contribute to the
configuration, implementation, and maintenance of ServiceNow Risk, Policy and
Compliance, and Audit Management applications.



Exam content is divided into Learning Domains that correspond to key courses and
activities typically encountered during ServiceNow implementations. In each Learning
Domain, specific learning objectives have been identified and are tested in the exam.
The following table shows the learning domains, weightings, and sub-skills measured by
this test and the percentage of questions represented in each domain. The listed subskills should NOT be considered an all-inclusive list of test content.



1 GRC Overview

• GRC Positioning and Framework

• Key Terminology

• Technical Details

10%

2 Implementation Planning

• Use Cases

• Implementation Team

• Implementation Checklist

• Personas, Groups, and Roles

5%

3 Entity Scoping

• Entity Scoping Overview

• Entity Type Approach

• Entity Class Approach

• GRC Entities Architecture

25%

4 Policy and Compliance Implementation Approach

• Policy and Compliance Record Lifecycles

• Policy and Compliance Architecture

• Policy Management Lifecycle

25%

5 Risk Implementation Approach

• Risk Record Lifecycle

• Risk Architecture

• Risk Scoring

• Risk Management Lifecycle

25%

6 Extended Capabilities

• Content Packs

• Integrations

• Performance Analytics

• Other Platform Capabilities

5%

7 Audit Management Implementation 5%

Total 100%



Exam Structure

The test consists of approximately (45) questions. For each question on the
examination, there are multiple possible responses. The person taking the test reviews
the response options and selects the most correct answer to the question.

Multiple Choice (single answer)

For each multiple-choice question on the exam, there are at least four possible
responses. The candidate taking the test reviews the response options and selects the
one response most accurately answers the question.

Multiple Select (select all that apply)

For each multiple-select question on the exam, there are at least four possible
responses. The question will state how many responses should be selected. The
candidate taking the test reviews the response options and selects ALL responses that
accurately answer the question. Multiple-select questions have two or more correct
responses.

Exam Results

After completing and submitting the exam, a pass or fail result is immediately
calculated and displayed to the candidate. More detailed results are not provided to
the candidate.

Exam Retakes

If a candidate fails to pass an exam, they may register to take the test again up to
three more times for a cost of $100.



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ServiceNow Certified study tips

 

Back to School | Study tips for making the most of homework time

HUNTINGTON, W.Va. (WSAZ) - As the kids get ready to head back to school, it’s time to get back in that learning frame of mind.

From math to reading, each piece of homework the kids bring home can come with its own set of challenges. Going from laidback summer days to a more rigid school schedule can be a tough adjustment.

“It’s something certainly very difficult to do,” said Valley Health psychologist Cory Boothe. “It’s a big change, and schools don’t always warm up to it.”

Boothe works with kids year round, and this time of year there’s an emphasis on helping them get ready for the daily commitment of homework and assignments.

“Setting up that study area at home,” he said. “That’s one of the things I think is so important. That might look like setting up a structured time for that homework, helping them set up a space to work on that, whether that’s having a desk and how to organize their materials.”

Boothe says it’s important to supply kids some independence with their own work space so they have that accountability for their homework.

There are effective ways to stay involved in their learning process.

“Generally, they learn best when their knowledge is applied. Memorization is one of the first steps but what I recommend is to find ways to apply that in the daily world,” Boothe said. “Practicing their math, decimals and fractions when you go to the grocery store. Calculating things like miles per gallon when you’re driving.”

By paying attention to your child’s learning style, you can help them study more efficiently.

“Sometimes kids have a hard time sitting down to just focus on what the work is, so what I’ll encourage them to do is, let’s get up and move,” Boothe said. “We’re practicing the spelling words and the vocabulary, let’s go pass a ball.”

When speaking to kids about their learning progress, Boothe recommends taking out any comparison and focusing on each child’s goals.

“There’s a good deal of research that talks about performance goals vs. mastery goals. We’ve really transitioned to that mastery aspect,” he said. “Performance goals being, what did you get on the test, how many As did you get? That talks about how well they’re doing compared to other students. In mastery, we’re talking individually.”

Mastery goals can include creating weekly benchmarks like getting a little faster at your times tables than you were the week before.

As they’re adjusting to a new school year, Boothe reminds parents to supply kids time to adjust to this drastic change in schedule.


These 8 Health Tips Can Add Decades to Your Life, New Study Finds

By Inside Edition Staff

First Published: 2:04 PM PDT, July 25, 2023

It's never too late to live longer, according to new study results.

Adding eight healthy lifestyle choices can add decades to your time on the planet.

Even if you start as late as age 60, you can still tack on an extra 18 years, according to study results. 

The study was presented Monday at Nutrition 2023, the American Society for Nutrition's annual meeting, which was held in Boston. The research looked at lifestyle behaviors practiced by nearly 720,000 military veterans between the ages of 40 and 99.

“There’s a 20-year period in which you can make these changes, whether you do it gradually or all at once,“ said lead study author Xuan-Mai Nguyen, a health science specialist for the Million Veteran Program at the VA Boston Healthcare System.

The changes are: exercise, eat healthy meals, sleep well, reduce stress and nurture positive social relationships, as well as avoiding developing addictions to smoking, drinking or opioids.

Not abusing opioids was the second-highest contributor to leading a longer life, the study found. It reduced the risk of an early death by 38%, the data showed.

Regular exercise was the most important activity to living longer, the study said. Analyses showed a 46% reduction in the risk of death from any cause, compared to people who didn't exercise at all, the study showed.

 


Best Personal Trainer Certification Programs Of 2023, According To Experts

The cost of personal trainer certification programs varies, ranging in price from $400 to $2,000, according to American Fitness Professionals and Associates. Prices fluctuate depending on the organization providing the certification, the certification level, the study materials and support offered, and the price of the certification test itself. While many programs offer payment plans to help with financing, some may not include the cost of earning a CPR/AED certification, which is required for most programs and can add about $75 to the total cost of certification.

Minton also recommends considering the costs of personal training once one obtains a certification. For instance, self-employed personal trainers may need to rent space in a gym or fitness club to work with clients. Many trainers also invest in liability insurance, which costs an average of $1,735 per year for small businesses. Equipment, such as hand weights, kettlebells, yoga mats, resistance bands or portable speakers for music, can also add to potential costs should a trainer need to purchase equipment for client use.

Lastly, many CPT certifications require trainers to participate in continuing education courses, keep their CPR/AED certification up to date and pay certification renewal fees every few years, all of which can add significantly to the total cost of maintaining their certification. Some continuing education courses can cost several hundred dollars, and recertification fees can exceed $400.


 


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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug