Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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IBPS Clerk 2023 test books

The Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS) Clerk test is a highly competitive and sought-after examination for individuals aspiring to secure a career in the banking sector. Annually, thousands of candidates vie for a limited number of positions, making thorough preparation a crucial aspect of achieving success. Among the myriad factors that contribute to test triumph, selecting the right study materials stands out as a pivotal one. As the IBPS Clerk 2023 test approaches, aspirants find themselves inundated with a plethora of study guides, practice papers, and reference books flooding the market. The overwhelming choices can leave even the most diligent candidates perplexed and uncertain about the best resources to invest in. This article serves as a comprehensive guide, aiding IBPS Clerk 2023 aspirants in their quest to choose the most suitable books for their preparation. They understand that a well-rounded preparation strategy is essential for tackling the exam's diverse sections effectively. Thus, they have meticulously compiled a list of the best IBPS clerk test books to help candidates strengthen their knowledge and skills in reasoning, quantitative aptitude, English language, computer knowledge, and general awareness. Furthermore, we've taken into consideration the previous year's question patterns and trends, ensuring that the recommended books align with the evolving test format.In conclusion, this article is a one-stop destination for IBPS Clerk 2023 aspirants looking to invest their time and efforts wisely in the most effective and trusted study materials. By making informed choices and arming themselves with the best resources available, candidates can embark on their test preparation journey with confidence and maximize their chances of realizing their dreams in the dynamic and rewarding banking sector.Here’s a list of some of the best IBPS clerk 2023 test books that are available online:

20+ IBPS Clerk Prelims 2023 Mocks Papers by Adda247

The 20+ IBPS Clerk Prelims 2023 Mocks Papers English Printed Edition (IBPS Clerk Special) by Adda247 is the ideal companion for IBPS Clerk 2023 applicants. This comprehensive book provides applicants with a wide selection of practice test questions and is specifically designed to mimic the experience of taking an exam. Packed with well-chosen questions and detailed solutions, this IBPS clerk test book helps applicants Boost their time management techniques and strengthen their problem-solving skills. This IBPS book for the clerk test is an essential tool for candidates hoping to pass the preliminary test and land a successful job at a bank, as it focuses on the IBPS Clerk 2023 syllabus and test format.

IBPS Bank Clerk Guide for Exams with Past Papers by Disha Experts

The 12th edition of their IBPS Bank Clerk Guide is here to serve as your ultimate IBPS Clerk 2023 study aid. This thorough study guide is designed to make it easy for you to pass both the preliminary and main exams. It includes an extensive collection of previous exams that will help you familiarize yourself with the format of the test and boost your confidence. In addition, each part is thoroughly explained and there are helpful hints in their 100+ hour skillfully produced video course. They provide 4 online exams that replicate the setting of the genuine test so you can measure your progress. This essential tool for the 2023 IBPS Clerk test will help you stay one step ahead.

Latest IBPS Clerk 2023 Books Kit Edition by Adda247

Get ready for the exams with the latest IBPS Clerk 2023 Books Kit from Adda247! This comprehensive kit contains books carefully selected and filled with practice questions and thorough content for the Prelims and Mains. Use this English edition, which guarantees clarity and simplicity of understanding, to master each lesson with accuracy. To enhance your preparation, keep up to date with the latest changes to the syllabus and test patterns. Success is within reach when you have this essential equipment in your possession. The IBPS Clerk 2023 Books Kit from Adda247 will help you prepare and secure your future as a bank clerk.

IBPS Bank Clerk Guide for Preliminary & Main Exams by Disha Experts

Prepare confidently for the IBPS Clerk 2023 exams with their detailed IBPS Bank Clerk Guide for Preliminary & Main Exams. Designed exclusively for the upcoming IBPS Clerk 2023 exam, this essential resource ensures you have access to the most relevant and up-to-date information. The IBPS book for the clerk test covers all the required subjects and covers both the preliminary and main exams. With the help of this carefully crafted guide, you will gain a thorough understanding of the test syllabus and be prepared for every part. With the help of their IBPS Bank Clerk Guide, you can prepare efficiently and increase your chances of success.

English Language For Banking Prelims test 2023 Solved 16 Topic-wise Tests by EduGorilla Prep Experts

With this English Language For Banking Prelims test 2023 (English Edition), you can Boost your English language skills for the IBPS Clerk 2023 exam. This thorough guide for the IBPS clerk test book contains 16 topic-based tests with answers that match the syllabus of SBI, IBPS, RBI, IDBI Bank, NABARD, Clerk, and PO exams. Boost your grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, and communication skills to succeed in the English section. Get free access to online exams that also simulate exams in real-time. Use this IBPS clerk exam, designed specifically for the IBPS Clerk 2023 test, to prepare efficiently and increase your chances of success.

Study Package for IBPS/ SBI/ RBI Bank Clerk/ PO Exams by Disha Experts

Master the IBPS Clerk 2023 test with this IBPS/SBI/RBI Bank Clerk/PO Exams study pack, now in its 2nd edition. This comprehensive IBPS clerk test has been carefully crafted to meet the standards and curriculum for the IBPS Clerk 2023 exam. Providing you with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed, this guide is packed with practice sets, solved problems, and extensive study material. Become proficient in key areas such as logic, numerical skills, English, and general knowledge. With this revised IBPS Clerk 2023 study package, you can stay ahead of the competition and find your ideal position in banking.

IBPS Clerk 2023 Prelims Books Kit by Adda247 Publication

Prepare for the IBPS Clerk 2023 Prelims with the help of the special IBPS Clerk 2023 Prelims Books Kit from Adda247 Publication. This complete collection contains 3 books in English print edition specially designed for IBPS Clerk 2023 test pattern and syllabus. These books will Boost your conceptual understanding and help you prepare for the exams as they cover the Topic in-depth and contain many practice questions. With the IBPS Clerk 2023 Prelims Books Kit from Adda247 Publication, you can stay ahead of the competition and achieve your ideal position in the banking sector.

12 Years IBPS Clerk Preliminary & Mains Previous Year-wise Solved Papers by Disha Experts

The 5th edition of this 12 Years IBPS Clerk Preliminary & Mains Previous Year-wise Solved Papers contains the key to success in the IBPS Clerk 2023 exam. This invaluable resource of the IBPS clerk test book contains solved papers from 2022 to 2011 and helps you become familiar with the test format and question trends. Use the numerous exercises in this comprehensive guide to succeed in both the Prelims and Mains. Use this essential study guide to be well-prepared for the upcoming IBPS Clerk 2023 test and pass it with ease.DISCLAIMER: The Times of India's journalists were not involved in the production of this article. The product prices mentioned in the article are subject to change with offers given by Amazon.

MP Police Constable Syllabus 2023: PDF Download, test Pattern, Important Topics

No result found, try new keyword!MP Police Constable Syllabus 2023: The Madhya Pradesh Professional test Board (MPPEB) conducts MP (Madhya Pradesh) Police Constable recruitment in two stages written test and a physical ...

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Name of the degree and its code  Sections 

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Engineering Mathematics

Applied Mechanics and Design

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Science

Material, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering

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Medical Imaging System

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Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Architecture & Planning

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Biotechnology

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General Biotechnology

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Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Civil Engineering

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Structural Engineering

Geotechnical Engineering

Water Resources Engineering

Environmental Engineering

Transportation Engineering

Geomatics Engineering

Chemical Engineering

Engineering Mathematics

Process Calculations and Thermodynamics 

Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations 

Heat Transfer 

Mass Transfer 

Chemical Reaction Engineering 

Instrumentation and Process Control 

Plant Design and Economics 

Chemical Technology 

Computer Science and Information Technology

Engineering Mathematics

Digital Logic 

Computer Organization and Architecture

Programming and Data Structures 

Algorithms 

Theory of Computation 

Compiler Design  

Operating System 

Databases 

Computer Networks 

Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Engineering Mathematics

Networks, Signals and Systems

Electronic Devices

Analog Circuits

Digital Circuits

Control System

Communication

Electromagnetics

Electrical Engineering

Engineering Mathematics

Electrical Circuits

Electromagnetic Fields

Signals and Systems

Electrical Machines

Power Systems

Control Systems

Electrical and Electronic Measurements

Analog and Digital Electronics

Power Electronics

Ecology and Evolution

Ecology

Evolution

Mathematics and Quantitative Ecology

Behavioral Ecology  

Geology And Geophysics

Geology

Geophysics

Instrumentation Engineering

Engineering Mathematics

Control Systems

Electrical Circuits

Analog and Digital Electronics

Signals and Systems

Measurements

Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation

Communication and Optical Instrumentation

Mathematics

Calculus

Linear Algebra

Rear Analysis

Complex Analysis

Ordinary Differential Equations

Algebra

Functional Analysis

Numerical Analysis

Partial Differential Equations

Topology

Linear Programming

Mechanical Engineering

Engineering Mathematics

Applied Mechanics and Design

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Science

Material, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering

Mining Engineering 

Engineering Mathematics

Mine Development Surveying

Geomechanics and Ground Control

Mining Methods and Machinery

Surface Environment, Mine Ventilation and Underground Hazards

Mine Economics, Mine Planning, System Engineering

Metallurgical Engineering

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Extractive Metallurgy

Physical Metallurgy

Mechanical Metallurgy

Manufacturing Process

Physics

Mathematical Physics

Classical Mechanics

Electromagnetic Theory

Quantum Mechanics

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics  

Atomic and Molecular Physics

Solid State Physics and Electronics

Nuclear and Particle Physics

Production and Industrial Engineering

Engineering Mathematics

General Engineering

Manufacturing Processes

Quality and Reliability

Industrial Engineering

Operation Research an Operational Management

Textile Engineering

Engineering Mathematics

Textile Engineering and Fibre Science

Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering

Engineering Mathematics

Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering

Applied Mechanics and Structures

Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering

Fluid Mechanics and Marine Hydrodynamics

Geomatics Engineering 

PART A: Common - Engineering Mathematics and Basic Geomatics

PART B: Section I - Surveying and Mapping 

PART B: Section II - Image Processing and Analysis

XE A (Engineering Mathematics)

Linear Algebra 

Calculus

Vector Calculus 

Ordinary Differential Equations 

Partial Differential Equations 

Complex variables 

Probability and Statistics 

Numerical Methods 

XE B (Fluid Mechanism)

Flow and Fluid Properties 

Kinematics 

Integral analysis  

Differential Analysis 

Inviscid flows  

Dimensional analysis 

Internal flows  

Prandtl boundary layer equations 

XE C (Material Sciences)

Processing of Materials

Characterisation Techniques: 

Structure and Imperfections

Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Properties of Materials

Material types 

Environmental Degradation

Elements of Quantum Mechanics and Mathematics

XE F (Thermodynamics)

Basic Concepts

Law of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics Cycle

Thermodynamics Relations

Ideal Gas Mixtures

XE F (Polymer Science and Engineering)

Chemistry of high polymers

Polymer Characterization

Synthesis and properties

Polymer blends and composites

Polymer Technology

Polymer rheology

Polymer processing

Polymer testing

XE G (Food Technology)

Food Chemistry and Nutrition

Food Microbiology

Food Products Technology

Food Engineering

XL P (Chemistry)

Atomic Structure and Periodicity

Structure and Bonding

s, p and d Block Elements

Chemical Equilibria

Electrochemistry

Reaction Kinetics

Thermodynamics

Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms

XL R (Botany)

Plant Systematics

Plant Anatomy

Morphogenesis & Development

Physiology and Biochemistry

Genetics

Plant Breeding and Genetic Modification

Economic Botany

Plant Pathology

Ecology and Environment

XL S (Microbiology)

Historical Perspective

Methods in Microbiology

Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure and Function

Microbial Growth

Control of Micro-organisms

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Diseases and Host-Pathogen Interaction

Chemotherapy/Antibiotics

Microbial Genetics

Microbial Ecology

XL T (Zoology)

Animal world

Genetics

Evolution

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Cell Biology

Gene expression in Eukaryotes

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Parasitology and Immunology

Development Biology

Ecology

Animal Behavior


 


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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug