Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Diedrich: Cisco EDGE Will Offer Nigerians Access to Digital Jobs

Senior Vice President and Global Innovation Officer at Cisco, Dr. Guy Diedrich, in this interview with Emma Okonji, speaks about the latest launch of Cisco’s EDGE Centre in Nigeria and how it will enhance digital transformation and provide access to digital job opportunities in Nigeria and Africa

What are some of the benefits of the recently launched Cisco EDGE Centre in Nigeria, and how will Nigeria benefit from it?

The Cisco EDGE Centre was launched in Nigeria last week and it is located inside TD Africa’s Tech Experience Centre in Victoria Island, Lagos. The Cisco EDGE hub will function as an incubator, providing Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) with access to state-of-the-art Cisco communication and collaboration technology, alongside training and enablement programmes. In addition, SMMEs will be able to connect with global Cisco experts, who can support them develop business ideas and concepts in a digital world.

EDGE stands for ‘Experience, Design, GTM (Go to Market) and Earn’ and has the objective to share business knowledge to stimulate innovation, help develop small and medium businesses in the digital age, speed up their entry to market and as a result create new jobs for the local economy. The centre hosts three key functions under one roof: It provides a space where local partners can showcase technologies and host client events; it brings resources and tools to local innovators and entrepreneurs to help them develop more secure, intelligent, and connected solutions; and offers training programmes and education in the most advanced digital technologies.

With its vibrant economy and young population, Nigeria stands to benefit from the promise of an inclusive digital future. Cisco is here to help Nigeria with digital skills development, innovation and incubation as well as cutting edge technologies. Cisco welcomes Nigeria to the Cisco Country Digital Acceleration program and look forward to working with businesses, government, and academia, enabling them to take the lead in shaping the future and driving social and economic inclusion.

How will Cisco collaborate with the federal government to further drive digital transformation in Nigeria?

On May 16, 2023, the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), signed MoU with Cisco to help promote digital transformation and bridge digital skills gap in Nigeria. NITDA is also in talks with Cisco on how Cisco can collaborate with government to build public digital infrastructure in Nigeria in order to digitise some key sectors like agriculture and healthcare. Through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme, Cisco will be investing in Nigeria to transform her digital transformation agenda.    

How will such collaboration help Nigeria to achieve its planned 95% attainment of digital literacy by 2030?

The Director General of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), Kashifu Inuwa Abdullahi, had said that NITDA developed several initiatives that would help drive digital transformation in the country and that NITDA had gone ahead to sign the National Digital Literacy Framework that would help identify competency areas. Cisco is already in collaboration with NITDA though the Cisco Network Academy that is designed to develop digital skills among Nigerians. With such collaboration, Cisco can help Nigeria to achieve its planned 95 per cent digital literacy attainment by 2030.

A lot of Nigerian youths are migrating to other countries in search of jobs and better living condition. How will Cisco accelerator programme help Nigeria address the mass movement of youths?

Again the Director General of NITDA had said that the agency drafted the National Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) strategy that would allow companies outsource their non-core businesses to other companies, a development that will enable Nigerians with the required skills, to handle such outsourced jobs. The Director General of NITDA also said such strategy would help in engaging the youths and make them remain in Nigeria and work from Nigeria, for companies located outside of Nigeria.

On the part of Cisco, they will supply Nigerians the opportunity to acquire digital skills that will enable them live and work anywhere from Nigeria. With technology evolution, people can work from their homes without going to the office, and this way, Nigerians can work for any company in the world, while living in Nigeria, provided they have the digital skills, which Cisco is offering through their various training initiatives.

How will Cisco Edge help address the dearth of digital skills in Nigeria?

The Cisco Edge centre is designed to provide comprehensive approach in building a sustainable innovation ecosystem here in Nigeria. The idea is to train people on critical digital skills like networking, cybersecurity, programming and management skills. The skills training will come in the form of entrepreneurship, where they will have access to mentorship. So Cisco recognises the potentials in Nigeria and through their Edge centre, will train more Nigerians on critical digital skills that will help address the dearth of digital skills in the country. The Cisco Edge centre will offer them the opportunities to start their own business and create job opportunities. Cisco is working with the United States of America in some forms of partnerships to offer entrepreneurship education to communities in Bauchi State and other states in Nigeria.

What is the duration of training at the Cisco EDGE Centre and what courses are available to Nigerians?

The duration of the training depends on the particular course that the student is interested in because different courses have different duration periods. For example, basic cybersecurity training for cybersecuriy technicians can be done in few weeks, but training in a more advanced cybersecurity course to get certification, like the top level security architecture, takes years. The CCNA and the CCNP courses could take months. The Cisco EDGE Centre allows candidates to continue in their education to get different categories of digital skills that will enable them get digital jobs.

We have different cohorts that can take between 20 to 25 persons for a training of 90 days duration, depending on the course.

How does Cisco intend to address gender balance among its instructors, giving the instance where Cisco currently has 336 instructors in the Cisco Networking Academy and only 10% is female?

Cisco is gender sensitive, both in recruitment and in admitting candidates into its training programmes. Among the 400,000 students already trained in the Cisco Networking Academy since its inception in Nigeria, 44 per cent of the population is female. The females get access to the same technology education and training that Cisco offers.  

Is Cisco going to merge the existing Cisco Networking Academy with the Cisco Edge Centre that has just been launched or one of them will be discontinued?

There is no plan for merger of Cisco Networking Academy and the Cisco Edge Centre because one is a sub-set of the other. The Networking Academy has been running for some time now, and they have trained close to 20 million students globally and currently, 3.6 million students enrolled in the academy, undergoing different trainings across the globe. So the Edge Centre is giving access to education to people who want to further advance the training already received at the Cisco Networking Academy. The Edge training will offer specialised and advanced training and offer access to Cisco mentorship and digital skilled job opportunities.

Tell us more about the Cisco Digital Accelerator Programme?

The Cisco Accelerator Programme provides access to connectivity, healthcare, education, among others, and connectivity is key to everyone. It is about connecting the unconnected and providing inclusive feature for all. What Cisco is doing with Accelerator Programme is consistent with what the Nigerian government is doing through NITDA. Countries are investing in the Cisco Accelerator Programme and Nigerian government is investing in it also. Access to connectivity will create next generation jobs, build a sustainable innovative ecosystem and contribute to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth.

The EDGE Centre is part of Cisco’s Digital Accelerator (CDA) program in Nigeria. CDA was founded in 2015 and has since evolved into programs in 49 countries, and Nigeria making it 50 countries, with over 1,600 active or completed projects – encompassing over two-thirds of the world’s population and 75 per cent of global GDP. The focus areas for Cisco’s CDA programmes are in education, transportation, security, health, connectivity, among others. In May this year, under the scope of CDA, Cisco and NITDA signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the aim to support the nation’s digital transformation agenda and contribute towards digital skills training and development.

A key pillar of the CDA program in Nigeria is Cisco Networking Academy, which currently trains over 120,000 students at 228 academies across the country. Cisco Networking Academy, one of the longest-standing IT skills-to-jobs programs in the world, has over the past years, equipped over 400,000 people in Nigeria with digital and cybersecurity skills.

Tells us about the Cisco Social Justice Programme and how it aligns with the global awareness initiative on social justice?

The Cisco Social Justice Programme started as US Central Justice Programme in 2020 to address what is going on in US. It is about providing education to the people, offering economic empowerment and increasing number of SMEs for US and later they decided to take across the world. They encourage their team members to volunteer service offerings around the world and developing schools around the world. They focus on entrepreneurial development with the goal to uplift communities in the areas of education, empowerment and critical human needs and around climate.

With the Cisco Social Justice Programme, they ensure that every employee identifies his or her role to develop communities.   

What are your views about the digitisation and digital transformation, in relation to perceived loss of jobs?

It is obvious that the ongoing digital transformation and digitisation of processes across globe will displace jobs by 2025. In fact digitisation will displace as much as 85 million traditional jobs, but it will also create as much as 97 million digital jobs by 2025.

New digital jobs will be created and companies should begin the process of retraining their workers that are trainable and place them on the jobs that have demand for digital skills and higher pay. Digitisation will create opportunities to train millions of workers with digital skills from now till 2025. In Nigeria, there are youths who are young and determined to learn. So the Cisco EDGE Centre will offer them access to training and education that will lead to digital transformation.

How will you describe Cisco’s training programme and its goals at the global level?

Since the inception of Cisco Networking Academy, they have trained millions students around the world, and they are inspired by the achievements of those trained by Cisco. They get reports how they are developing their economies and creating digital jobs across the world. I am proud about the technology innovation going on in Nigeria. With its youths population and determination to learn new skills, there is no question that Nigeria will grow to become one of the leaders in the global technology space.

Our goal at Cisco is to empower an inclusive future for all in order to bridge the existing digital divide by giving access to technology education, healthcare and connectivity. One of their basic commitments is to focus on the digital divide from the education perspective.

Another area that is key for Cisco, is the sustainability initiative of Cisco where they think of how to use their technology to develop and sustain development globally. Cisco has a $100 million grant to drive its sustainability programmes and to support startups to scale up in their sustainability projects. I see tremendous growth in Nigeria and Africa and in communities.       

So Cisco is the worldwide technology leader that securely connects everything to make anything possible. Their purpose is to power an inclusive future for all by helping their customers re-imagine their applications, power hybrid work, secure their enterprise, transform their infrastructure, and meet their sustainability goals. 

What are the building blocks for Cisco’s digital skills training initiative?

The building blocks are many and are centered on networking, cybersecurity, programming and management. The first is about inclusive infrastructure that is designed to connect several applications from libraries, systems, hospitals, homes and government entities, followed by education, security and resilient critical infrastructure where data is kept and stored. 


Cisco: Digitisation Will Displace 85m Workers, Create 97m New Jobs by 2025

Emma Okonji

The ongoing digital transformation and digitisation of processes across the globe will displace as much as 85 million traditional jobs and at the same time, create as much as 97 million digital jobs by 2025, according to Cisco’s prediction.

Senior Vice President and Global Innovation Officer at Cisco, Dr. Guy Diedrich, who gave the prediction in Lagos during the launch of Cisco EDGE Centre in Nigeria last week, however said only those that fail to acquire new digital skills would be displaced.

According to him, new digital jobs will be created and companies should begin the process of retraining their workers that are trainable and place them on the jobs that have demand for digital skills and higher pay.

“So, digitisation will create opportunities to train millions of workers with digital skills from now till 2025. The point is that in Nigeria, there are youths who are young and determined to learn. So the Cisco EDGE Centre will offer them access to training and education that will lead to digital transformation,” Diedrich said.                        

Also speaking during the launch of Cisco EDGE Centre in Nigeria, the Executive Vice President and Chief People, Policy and Purpose Officer of Cisco, Fran Katsoudas, said: “With its vibrant economy and young population, Nigeria stands to benefit from the promise of an inclusive digital future. Cisco is here to help the nation with digital skills development, innovation and incubation as well as cutting edge technologies.”

Coordinating Managing Director of TD Africa, Chioma Chimere, said: “Through this collaboration with Cisco, they aim to enable SMMEs scale rapidly by providing the tools, resources, and knowledge required to thrive in the digital age. By fostering skill retention and development, they can ensure that individuals are adequately empowered with the expertise to excel in the ever-evolving technology landscape.”

Director-General/CEO, National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), Kashifu Inuwa Abdullahi, while commending Cisco for the launch of Cisco EDGE Centre in Lagos, said the centre would further accelerate digital transformation in Nigeria and create digital jobs for Nigerian youths.


 


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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug