Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : QlikView-System-Administrator-Certification
Exam Name : QlikView System Administrator Certification (QVSAC)
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Exam Specification: QSBA2021 Qlik Sense Business Analyst Certification

Exam Name: QSBA2021 Qlik Sense Business Analyst Certification
Exam Code: QSBA2021
Exam Duration: 120 minutes
Passing Score: 70%
Exam Format: Multiple-choice
Exam Delivery: Proctored online or at a testing center

Course Outline:

1. Introduction to Qlik Sense Business Analyst Role
- Overview of the Qlik Sense platform
- Understanding the role and responsibilities of a Qlik Sense Business Analyst
- Exploring the benefits and features of Qlik Sense for data analysis

2. Data Preparation and Modeling
- Data import and connection in Qlik Sense
- Transforming and cleaning data for analysis
- Data modeling and creating associations between tables

3. Creating Visualizations and Dashboards
- Building basic and advanced visualizations in Qlik Sense
- Designing effective dashboards and reports
- Implementing interactivity and data exploration features

4. Data Analysis and Insights
- Applying data analysis techniques in Qlik Sense
- Utilizing advanced analytics features and functions
- Discovering insights and making data-driven decisions

5. Collaboration and Sharing
- Collaborating with other users in Qlik Sense
- Sharing and distributing dashboards and reports
- Implementing security and access controls

Exam Objectives:

1. Understand the role and responsibilities of a Qlik Sense Business Analyst.
2. Perform data preparation and modeling tasks in Qlik Sense.
3. Create visually appealing and interactive visualizations and dashboards.
4. Apply data analysis techniques and utilize advanced analytics features in Qlik Sense.
5. Collaborate with other users, share, and distribute dashboards and reports.
6. Implement security measures and access controls in Qlik Sense.

Exam Syllabus:

Section 1: Introduction to Qlik Sense Business Analyst Role (10%)
- Qlik Sense platform overview
- Role and responsibilities of a Qlik Sense Business Analyst
- Benefits and features of Qlik Sense for data analysis

Section 2: Data Preparation and Modeling (30%)
- Data import and connection in Qlik Sense
- Data transformation and cleaning techniques
- Data modeling and creating associations between tables

Section 3: Creating Visualizations and Dashboards (30%)
- Building basic and advanced visualizations in Qlik Sense
- Designing effective dashboards and reports
- Implementing interactivity and data exploration features

Section 4: Data Analysis and Insights (20%)
- Applying data analysis techniques in Qlik Sense
- Utilizing advanced analytics features and functions
- Discovering insights and making data-driven decisions

Section 5: Collaboration and Sharing (10%)
- Collaborating with other users in Qlik Sense
- Sharing and distributing dashboards and reports
- Implementing security and access controls



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No result found, try new keyword!Some of the food on U.S. tables has a high probability of having been picked, prepared or processed by Americans who were forced to do it, a new study has found. And because the U.S. attempts to ...

Study links high levels of cadmium to endometriosis

Women are more likely to develop endometriosis if they have elevated levels of cadmium in their system, a new study reports.

Twice as many women with slightly or moderately elevated levels of the toxic element wound up with endometriosis compared to women with the lowest levels, researchers say.

"Although endometriosis is estimated to affect 1 in 10 women, the reason why this condition develops in some women and not in others remains unclear," said senior researcher Kristen Upson, an assistant professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at Michigan State University.

"Our research on environmental contaminants and finding of an association between cadmium exposure and endometriosis is helping to move the needle closer to understanding risk factors for endometriosis," she added.

This newly discovered association between endometriosis and cadmium is "a good starting point for additional studies that look at other environmental factors and how they can perhaps cause endometriosis," said Dr. Susan Khalil, director of the Division of Sexual Health in the Raquel and Jaime Gilinski Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science at Mount Sinai.

"I think it doesn't provide exact recommendations for action at this time, or things that you can translate into clinical management. So I can't really make recommendations off of this for patients," Khalil added. "But I would at the same time say it's great they're finding these associations, so they can do high quality prospective trials to look at the role of the environment on endometriosis - and not just its impact on fertility, but also the chronic pain it causes."

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the inner lining of the uterus -- the endometrium -- starts to grow on other parts of the body, such as the bladder, intestines, diaphragm and other organs and structures of the female reproductive system.

These areas can develop into cysts, lesions and scar tissue, causing severe pain and fertility problems. Because the endometrial tissue responds to hormone changes, it can become inflamed during a woman's menstrual cycle.

For this study, Upson and her colleagues analyzed survey and health data gathered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on 1,750 U.S. women ages 20 to 54 between 1999 and 2006.

They specifically looked at the women's cadmium levels because prior research has shown the toxic metal can act like the hormone estrogen, said lead researcher Mandy Hall, a data analyst in the Michigan State University Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics.

"As estrogen plays a key role in the development of endometriosis, they were interested in seeing if exposure to cadmium was associated with a history of being diagnosed with endometriosis," Hall said.

Researchers organized the women into four groups (quartiles) based on the cadmium levels found in their urine, from lowest to highest.

"We observed that those with cadmium levels in the second and third quartile, compared to those with cadmium levels in the first quartile, had twice the prevalence of endometriosis," Hall said.

However, those with cadmium levels in the fourth quartile -- the highest -- only had a 60% increased prevalence of endometriosis compared to those with cadmium levels in the first quartile, the researchers noted.

"It is important to remember that endocrine-disrupting chemicals, like cadmium, can produce different biologic effects at different levels of exposure, and not necessarily follow a dose-response relationship of more exposure being associated with more disease," Upson explained.

U.S. women are commonly exposed to cadmium by breathing in cigarette smoke, Hall said.

Cadmium is found naturally in the environment, but it also is released by industrial processes like smelting and burning fossil fuels or municipal waste, according to the CDC. Cadmium is used in metal plating, producing pigments, making batteries and crafting plastic products.

"With industrial activities, cadmium is released into the environment and enters soil and water," Upson said. "Cadmium in soil and water can accumulate in plants and organisms, contaminating the food supply. Cadmium has been found in leafy greens like spinach and lettuce, as well as potatoes, grains, nuts, organ meat and shellfish."

She said further research is needed to confirm these findings.

"However, activities that promote overall health -- such as not smoking and eating a balanced diet -- can help reduce exposure to cadmium, as well as to other environmental contaminants," Upson said.

The study was published recently in the journal Human Reproduction.

More information

The Cleveland Clinic has more about endometriosis, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more about cadmium.

Copyright © 2023 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


 


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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug